The Building of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System

Based on the survey of 154 farmers in Guiyang City, we analyze the basic situation of building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City. Then we point out some problems in the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City: the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center weakens; the content of agricultural technology extension is difficult to adapt to farmers' needs for technology; the extension mode of agricultural technology departments does not adapt to the needs of modern agriculture. In order to perfect the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, the countermeasures and recommendations are put forth as follows: strengthening the input of funds, and ensuring that the basic work of public welfare agricultural technology extension is smoothly carried out; innovating upon the system, and improving the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center; implementing management on agricultural technology extension personnel's performance, and promoting the extension efficiency; strengthening the building of extension team in rural areas, and cultivating high-quality agricultural technology extension personnel; exploring the advanced service mode to meet farmers' needs.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Significance,Path and Typical Cases of Integration of Grassroots Party Construction and Targeted Poverty Alleviation Team Construction in Colleges and Universities

The integration of party construction and poverty alleviation and development is an important form of achieving poverty alleviation in China. Based on the actual case of the integration of the party branch construction of the Institute of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics and the construction of a third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,this paper elaborated the practical significance and integration path design of the grassroots party construction and targeted poverty alleviation thirdparty evaluation team construction in colleges and universities. Besides,it analyzed the typical case of the party branch in the process of building the party branch of the ' double leader' teachers in the national colleges and universities,and vigorously implementing the development of the party branch construction and the third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,and promoting double integration and double promotion. Finally,it came up with recommendations for further strengthening the development of the party branch construction and the thirdparty evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation( including strengthening the party construction responsibility,promoting the solid foundation,promoting deep integration,strengthening mutual promotion,gathering poverty alleviation talents,and strengthen intellectual support),so as to form a new model of poverty alleviation through party construction and practicing the lofty purpose of serving the poor household wholeheartedly,and provide a useful reference for the grassroots party construction in China to promote poverty alleviation.

Construction and Characterization of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Fosmid Library

Grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） genomic fosmid library cotaining 129 014 clones was constructed and characterized from one diploid grass carp. The average insert size of the fosmid library was determined to be 35 kb by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which is 4.1-fold coverage of the grass carp genome. To demonstrate the probability of picking the functional genes from the library, eleven functional genes were screened by three-dimensional PCR technique. The number of positive clones of these genes was from 1 to 6. So, this library may screen any useful genes from grass carp. This grass carp genome fosmid library will be integrated in the presently ongoing efforts to determine the sequence of the grass carp genome.

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P<0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P<0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

Effects of Rooting Agents on Growth and Photosynthetic Traits of Sudan Grasses

[Objective] To investigate the effects of rooting agents on the growth and photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses. [ Method] The responses of the growth and some photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses to three NK II rooting agents were determined according to the randomized complete block design. [ Result] Compared to control treatment, the Sudan grass treated by NK 11-298 showed higher chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents, higher chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values （ PSII quantum efficiency： ФPSII; photochemical quenching： qP; and electron transport rate： ETR）, higher maximum photosynthetic rate （Pmax） and respiration rate （ Rd）, and the highest biomass accumulation. The chlorophyU fluorescence parameter values of Sudan grasses treated by NK 11-888 and NK 11-16 were higher than those of control treatment （ P 〈 0.05）, and other indexes had no significant difference. [ Conclusion] The rooting agents should be selected carefully according to their practice aims because of sensibility of Sudan grass to rooting agents.

Generation and characterization of expressed sequence tags(ESTs) from coralloid root cDNA library of Cycas debaoensis

A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN(duplex-specific nuclease) normalization method combined with the SMART(Switching Mechanism At 5' end of the RNA Transcript) technique.The titer of the original cDNA library was about1.5 x 10~6 cfu.mL^(-1) and the average insertion size was about 1 kb with a high recombination rate(97%).The 5011 high-quality expressed sequence tags(ESTs) were obtained from 5393 randomly picked cDNA clones.Clustering and assembly of ESTs resulted in 2984 unique sequences,consisting of 618 contigs and2366 singlets.EST sequence annotation revealed that 2333 and 1901 unigenes were functionally annotated in the NCBI non-redundant database and Swiss-Prot protein database,respectively.Functional analysis demonstrated that 1495(50.1%) unigenes were associated with 4082 Gene Ontology(GO) terms.A total of 847 unigenes were grouped into 22 Cluster of Orthologous Groups(COG) functional categories.Based on the EST dataset,22 ESTs that encoded putative receptor-like protein kinase(RLK) genes were screened.Furthermore,a total of 94 simple sequence repeats(SSRs) were discovered,of which 20 loci were successfully amplified in C.debaoensis.This study is the first EST analysis for the coralloid roots of C.debaoensis and provides a valuable genomic resource for novel gene discovery,gene expression and comparative genomics,conservation and management studies as well as applications in C.debaoensis and related cycad species.

Bacterial artificial chromosome library construction of root-knot nematode resistant pepper genotype HDA149 and identification of clones linked to Me3 resistant locus

Pepper （Capsicum annuum. L.） is a widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide and has the second largest planting area and the first largest vegetable output and value in China. Pepper root-knot nematode （Meloidogyne spp.） is one of the most serious pests of pepper, which caused huge losses every year. Previous studies showed that the Me3 gene is resistant to a wide range of Meloidogyne species, including M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita. HDA149, a double haploid pepper genotype, harboring the root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3, was used to construct bacterial artificial chro- mosome library （BAC） via the vector of CopyControFM pCC1 in this study. The library consists of 210 200 BAC clones and is equivalent to 5.3 pepper genomes. The average insert size is 95 kb, and most of them are 90-120 kb; but the empty clones are less than 3%. In order to screen the BAC library easily, 550 super pools with 384 BAC clones of each pool were further developed in this study. Specific primers from Me3 gene locus were used for BAC library screening, and more than 20 positive BAC clones were obtained. Then the selected positive BAC clones were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion, BAC-end sequencing, marker development, and new positive BAC clones exploration, respectively. Finally, the contig with total length of about 300 kb linked to the Me3 locus was constructed based on chromosome walking strategy, which made a solid foundation for the cloning of the important root-knot nematode resistance gene Me3.

欠发达地区县级公共图书馆法治建设任重道远——对鄂、渝、湘、黔若干县级图书馆的调研分析

文章选取了我国欠发达地区25个县级公共图书馆,围绕《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》的具体实施情况开展深入调查。发现当前我国欠发达地区县级公共图书馆的法治化治理水平有所提升,但地方政府依法保障的情况仍然堪忧。为此提出了4个基层公共图书馆法治建设着力点,为新时代基层公共图书馆的法治化建设和高质量发展提供参考。

“平台”与我国县域基层法治秩序的生成——浙江海宁社会治理实践的观察

基层社会治理“平台”是我国县域范围构建具有中国特色法治秩序的重要实践形式。在提升县域基层社会治理水平的过程中,平台被打造成一个由不同政府机构、不同社会组织与社会成员通过协调、协商、议论等方式博弈以解决与民生密切相关的各种类型问题的工作机制,客观上已经助力生成了法治秩序不可或缺的不同主体之间展开话语交流的公共空间。在浙江海宁,平台被用于促进实现公众与企业合法权利、改造和规范行使公共权力、保障社会稳定与居民安居乐业,以公开促公正公平,有效提升了法律在基层的实施能力。在法治建设正在寻求新的突破之际,有关平台建设的实践具有一定的可借鉴的普遍意义。

基层应急治理共同体的塑造--基于信任—规则—行动力的框架分析

构建基层应急治理共同体,提升基层应急治理能力,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。目前基层应急治理面临着基层政府治理能力不足、体制机制不畅、公众参与不足和社会组织参与无序性等问题,亟须缩短应急处突的链条,提高决策的适应性,构建共建、共治、共享的基层应急治理共同体。在共同体塑造过程中,通过构建“信任—规则—行动力”的框架,在党建引领下,以信任价值塑造公共精神,以规则建构推进契约共建,以在地文化环境建构和能力提升的系统工程推动应急治理共同体的行动力塑造,将共同体的功能贯穿于风险研判、处置、应对、恢复于一体的全周期应急治理动态机制中,推动应急治理走向人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的治理格局。

数智时代内源驱动的基层图书馆智慧化建设策略研究

文章分析了数智环境下基层图书馆智慧化发展的挑战与机遇,认识到基层图书馆技术空间构筑能力与国家智慧图书馆体系建设尚不匹配的现状,引入内源性发展理念,提出基层图书馆智慧化发展之策,即依托公共文化云国家工程,构建软硬件系统框架;采用智能空间管理系统,搭建图书馆管理物联网;引入元宇宙相关技术,更新阅读和社会教育服务范式;合理运用AIGC,赋能参考咨询服务;应用新媒体技术,传播文化特质;搭建智慧化服务平台,实现业务、管理、空间三方的智能交互,从而创新基层图书馆内源发展的动力系统,使其具备提供智慧服务的内生动力,积极融入数智发展的生态链,以提升其服务效能。

枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的影响因素与实现路径

在街镇社区层面,枢纽型社会组织在党和政府与一般性社会组织间扮演着枢纽桥梁角色,为增强基层治理效能提供了动力来源与创新载体。借助于上海市25个街镇级社会组织服务中心样本,本文采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,分析了经济发展水平、政府支持力度、社会组织互动、社会关系链接、组织硬件基础和组织软件条件等组合下枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的影响因素和实现路径。研究结果显示:(1)组织硬件基础是枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的必要条件;(2)枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理具有资源赋能型、社会撬动型、复合推进型、内外协同型四种“殊途同归”的实现路径。本研究丰富了社会组织理论研究,研究结论可为地方因地制宜地推进枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理提供有益的借鉴。

场域重塑与跨域交互:党建引领社区治理共同体构建的内生逻辑——基于X市H社区“红色四邻工作法”的案例研究

传统社区一元线性的治理模式难以回应居民多元化的现实诉求,需要创新社区治理模式,党建引领吸纳多元治理要素建设社区治理共同体成为一种成功实践。根据场域理论,社区治理共同体可视为元场域,具体可划分为网格场域、协商场域、互助场域、文化场域四类子场域。每一子场域重塑过程可从核心行动者、场域内优势资本行动者、被调整对象的惯习衍变等维度进行阐释,其中基层党组织作为核心行动者引领各类场域重塑的方式存在差异。网格场域中基层政府赋能社区网格,党组织整合下沉治理资源。协商场域中基层党组织与社会组织共同搭建民主协商平台。互助场域中基层党组织引导发展社会资本。文化场域中基层党组织联合辖区单位开展文化建设。基层党组织这一核心行动者推动各子场域之间跨域互动,整合子场域网络,构建社区治理共同体。

基层政府治理水平对农民奋斗价值观的影响研究

赓续艰苦奋斗精神,激发农民奋斗意志,是当前基层治理中农民思想建设的重要内容。基于2018年与2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,利用有序Probit模型,实证分析基层政府治理水平对农民奋斗价值观的影响及作用机制。研究发现:第一,基层政府治理水平与农民奋斗价值观呈正相关,即基层政府治理水平越高,农民越倾向于认为“努力工作能有回报”,越发增强“对未来的信心”;第二,基层政府治理水平对农民奋斗价值观的影响,主要通过提高该群体的生活满意度和工作满意度来实现;第三,高水平的基层政府治理正向促进了建档立卡农民和非建档立卡农民奋斗价值观的塑造,且这种促进作用在非建档立卡农民中更显著。

基层妇联组织在乡村治理中的主体性功能及实现路径

农村基层妇联组织不仅是党和政府联系妇女人群的桥梁和纽带,也是农村基层政权的社会支撑之一。在党建引领乡村治理的时代背景下,要站在治理的角度去审视基层妇联在乡村治理中的功能及其作用机制。从治理来看,基层妇联是政治组织和群众组织,也是治理组织和服务组织。基层妇联具有融入乡村治理全过程的政治需要和现实需要,在乡村治理中具有主体性功能。基层妇联在乡村治理中的主体性功能不仅是由妇联的政治性、先进性和群众性决定的,也是由党的帮手和助手功能决定的。基层妇联凭借其独特的政治、组织、动员、宣传和凝聚群众的优势,在乡村治理中可以发挥组织动员、服务群众、民情枢纽、协商议事等作用,提高乡村治理的组织化、社会化、服务化和共治化。通过组织体系“纵向到底”和“横向到边”以及成体系的体制机制创新实现基层妇联在乡村治理中的主体性建构,是妇联发挥基层治理功能的可行路径。

数字建设助推基层治理现代化研究——基于湖南健全城乡基层治理体系的考察

党的二十大报告指出,要健全社会治理体系,完善齐抓共管共享社会治理体系。对湖南省城乡基层治理等现状进行分析,认为数字湖南建设助推基层治理现代化意义重大,分析数字化水平及基层治理标准化仍存在一定问题,主要包括基层治理党建引领基层治理不规范、科层制组织治理有弊端、基层治理数字化缺乏反馈机制、基层治理标准化与实际脱节催生形式主义等,可通过加强基层干部队伍建设、构建智能化基层治理共同体、推进标准化与法治等手段加快数字建设助推基层治理现代化。

新时代深化医教协同背景下中医药院校基层教学组织师德建设探索

医教协同推进医学教育改革与发展,是医学人才培养的重要模式,基层教学组织直接决定教学质量优劣。新时代深化医教协同背景下,针对以往师德建设方面存在的共性问题和中医药院校的特性问题,以“医+教”双师为主体,找准关键点,认清根源、理清逻辑,切实开展师德建设。强化“医教合一”观念、开展有专业特色的双师型师德建设、内外共建促落实、建立重视实践性的师德评价体系、重新认识中华优秀传统文化的时代价值、充分认识中医学教育的精英属性、践行终身学习观念等是有效策略。