Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

"Emperor's Power Far Away from the Countryside"and"Town in Charge of Village Affairs":The Extreme Grass-roots Management System is Not Conducive to the Healthy Development of the Countryside

This paper compares the two different rural management methods of"emperor’s power far away from the countryside"and"town in charge of village affairs",which shows that the extreme grass-roots management system is not conducive to rural development.This paper also points out that rural development needs to find a road of sustainable development in line with its own characteristics,which is the fundamental shortcut to change poverty and become rich for a long time.

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

On the Benefits and Burdens of the Notion of＂Standpoint＂

Despite the widespread endorsing of multiculturalism, the progress of enquiry into it and multicultural education have been impeded by a suspicion of cultural relativism and intellectual insularity. This paper reveals that such a suspicion is spurious by paying special attention to the notion of＂standpoint＂ which has a relative but substantial effect. The proper recognition of this point highlights the sense in which the insights drawn from multiculturalism and their educational embodiments are crucial for the future of humanity as a whole, which is far beyond the enduring controversy about universality and particularity.

马克思主义历史观的主要内涵及时代价值

马克思主义历史观是辩证唯物主义在历史领域的具体应用,其超越了以往各种主义历史观所存在的问题,是一种科学的历史观,因而具有划时代的意义:它清除了唯心主义在历史观领域的统治地位,实现了自然观上的唯物主义与历史观上的唯物主义的统一。马克思主义历史观揭开了人类历史普遍发展规律的秘密,找到了推动社会前进的根本动力,提供了认识世界和改造世界的强大思想武器与科学理论的指导,在当今依然具有重要的时代价值。

教育探究的立场与视界

你之所处,决定了你之所能见。对教育发展方向的求索及其运行价值的评判,须臾离不开实践者或分析者的角色,无不发端于立场及偏好,受制于视野及得失,根源于认知及觉悟。教育是一个超复杂、非静态的社会组织系统,大家都可言说,高下皆有原由,既不可跨越时空,亦难以达成一律,更不可能凭借一邦国、一代际或一高人的执着自上而下、相对封闭地建构起一劳永逸的乌托邦。理性的探究策略无外乎去蔽启蒙、突破局限;挣脱泥潭、唤回生命;尊重自组织、促进多元化。唯有转识成智,心怀大慈悲,胸怀大格局,方能明辨教育的天平和重心,求得角色、立场、诉求和结果的一致。

党建引领建设高质量发展共同富裕示范区的若干思考

浙江要通过高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区,离不开党的领导。建设高质量发展共同富裕示范区,首先要通过强化党的建设把浙江各级党组织打造成建设高质量发展共同富裕示范区的坚强领导核心。要通过党建提高站位,全面贯彻党中央关于建设共同富裕示范区的重要部署;通过党建凝心聚力,推动共同富裕示范区建设从自发走向自觉;通过党建引领创新,推动共同富裕示范区建设行稳致远;通过党建强化素质,提升领导干部推动共同富裕示范区建设的新能力。

以人民为中心的发展思想的理论渊源与创新发展

“以人民为中心”是马克思主义的鲜明品格,也是中国共产党立党为公、执政为民的根本立场。以人民为中心的发展思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分,该思想创造性地继承了马克思主义人民观、中国传统文化的“民本思想”以及中国共产党百年历程中“人民至上”的根本立场,深刻回答了发展为了谁、发展依靠谁、发展成果由谁共享、发展成效由谁评判等时代之问,并在人民目标观、人民主体观、人民利益观、人民评判观等方面作出了创新性发展。

深度报道中河南形象的立场表达——以转述语为对象

立场研究历经对言/作者主体性、交互主体性和话语主体性的关注,凝练了立场主体、立场客体和立场表达三个要素。以这三个要素为主要节点,可以建构包括主体定位、交互程度和索引指向为一级指标的系统,用以描述西方网络媒介涉豫深度报道中以转述语为载体的立场表达。这些报道主要依靠以公众为主体的转述语来确定自己的身份认同,使用占据绝对优势的扩展类非叙实转述词语来获取读者的承认,征用大量的描述性报道句来实现对涉豫事实的话语性改造。与河南形象相关的呈现、认同和承认都是在事实的基础上以话语为依归而动态交互的。

家庭伦理观念在精神病伦理学中不可或缺——《当代医疗与儒家思想》一书中“精神病伦理学”观点评介

精神病伦理学是范瑞平《当代医疗与儒家思想》一书中具有独特学术观点的构成部分。范瑞平站在儒家生命伦理立场上,对《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》的第三十条有关精神障碍住院治疗的自愿原则所体现出的医疗个人主义立场,进行了分析和批评;在比较东西方生命伦理认识路径和实践方式的基础上,通过对多个案例的深度剖析,对儒家精神病伦理学在当代应该如何发展,儒家以家庭本位的伦理实践改善的必要性等进行反思。借助范瑞平的认识结论,对《精神卫生法》第三十条法理的道德依据质疑;对精神疾病患者“自主权”的特殊伦理规定性问题进行了讨论;并就儒家家庭伦理回应国际精神病伦理所面临的多方面问题就教于范瑞平。

心育理论的开放性及其限度

心理教育的开放性是指与教育学其他领域之间的交叉与共享,它的边界和限度是保持和坚守自己作为教育学的学科性质与目标。心理教育内涵的改变是方法论的改变,而非教育功能和知识内容上的全面取代。既不意味着放弃自身的学科独立性或与“教育”概念的等同,也不意味着与教育学其他知识领域的整合与混淆。心理教育的问题意识依然是专业的,具有鲜明的学科指向,只是超越了传统心育理论及其教学体系的限制,具备“大心育”的教育形态。心理教育最终要解决的是学校的教育与学生的心理问题,而不是我们的社会、制度和历史发展问题。心育的开放性无意取代各育的教育内涵和知识体系,更没有放弃自身的学科性质。尽管我们强调心理教育的终极目标与教育及各育是一致的,但并非主张在教育目的和知识体系上与教育或各育的重叠。心理教育依然遵循着自己的教育逻辑和方法路径,通过心理素质和心理机能的培养实现“精神关怀”或“人生幸福”这一教育目标。

论中国共产党推进马克思主义理论创新的基本经验

中国共产党自成立之日起,一直高度重视马克思主义理论创新,形成了马克思主义中国化时代化的重大理论成果。中国共产党推进马克思主义理论创新的基本经验可总结为:一是实践立场,立足中国实际是理论创新的基础,解决现实问题是理论创新的起点,与时俱进是理论创新的动力;二是问题导向,理论创新要有鲜明的问题意识,研究真问题,解决人民的实际问题;三是边界意识,学术问题与政治问题要保持相对的独立性,理论创新的普遍性与特殊性要区别对待,还要“有所为”“有所不为”;四是未来指向,理论创新要体现世界向度,彰显民族特色,力求前瞻性;五是科学表述,理论创新的表述方式要杜绝形式主义,要呈体系化,为未来的理论创新留有空间。

依循证据的教学是可行的吗——对“循证教学热”的冷思考

当前有关循证教学的研究方兴未艾,并逐渐演化为教学领域的热门话题。服务于教育政策研究、提供政策论证依据,循证的旨趣得以形成;追捧实证研究范式、强调证据链条,循证的路径得以奠定;追随实验教育学、营造理想的运作环境,循证的根基得以夯实。以价值为准绳对循证教学进行审视可以发现:证据只是行动与结果之间的可能性联系,循证教学存在价值上的知识缺失;证据搭建的因果关系链随时可能断裂,循证教学存在价值方面的功效缺口;证据产生于有针对性的具体运作环境,循证教学存在价值领域的应用缺位。对“循证教学热”进行冷思考,需要以价值为红线划定循证教学的合理限度:教学决策要认清唯证据论的缺陷,基于价值进行全方位的考量;教学实践要转变唯证据论的观念,重视主体层面的非理性价值;教学运作要打破唯证据论的常规,聚焦教学环境的生成契机。

职业本科教育社会信任危机的“遮蔽”与“解蔽”

通过回顾职业本科教育的发展历程,发现曾发生过多次社会公众阻抗职业本科教育的舆情事件,这些舆情在一定程度上阻碍着职业本科教育的发展。通过对这几次舆情分析,可知社会公众在与职业本科教育交往过程中,并没有形成稳定的信任关系,致使职业本科教育在社会信任方面陷入危机。导致这一情况发生的原因,主要在于“拟态环境”的失真带来“舆论审判”,“符号暴力”的笼罩形塑“集体记忆”,“职业获得”的追求强化“分类机制”,“路径依赖”的持续带来“质量危机”。为化解职业本科教育社会信任危机,可通过“去后真相”杜绝“舆论审判”发生,统筹“三教”协同突破“集体记忆”迷思,革新“社会形态”摆脱“分类机制”宰制,实施“质量攻关”走出“质量危机”困扰。

人民立场是马克思主义的基本价值立场——评黎昔柒《马克思政治经济学批判的价值立场研究》

马克思从来都是秉持“现实的人”创造历史的唯物史观并站在“为全人类谋福利”的价值高峰思考问题。《马克思政治经济学批判的价值立场研究》一书致力于弘扬马克思的价值立场,其主要探讨了马克思价值立场的现实背景与理论前提,梳理了马克思价值立场的理论史,阐明了马克思价值立场在异化劳动、拜物教、古典经济学、生产关系批判中的体现,厘清了马克思价值立场对西方批判理论的影响,阐释了其价值立场对于马克思主义理论构建和中国特色政治经济学构筑的价值。该书着力拓新马克思经济伦理研究视域,大力弘扬“人为目的本身”的人文价值,批判为资本服务的“价值中立”。

人工智能绘画工具应用的侵权风险与民法规制立场

生成式人工智能快速发展,人工智能绘画工具被广泛利用,使人工智能绘画工具平台在输入阶段、训练阶段和输出阶段都面临着侵权风险。其侵权行为主体,既有人工智能绘画平台的设计者、提供者,也有使用人工智能绘画工具实施侵权行为的利用者;侵权行为的侵害客体,既有绘画作品原创作者的著作权,也有其他民事主体的人格权等。民法的功能在于规范人工智能绘画工具发展和应用行为的合法性,还要保护受到人工智能绘画工具侵害的著作权人和其他被侵权人。通过人工智能绘画工具侵权责任规则的适用,平衡各方主体的利益,警示和制裁侵权行为,保障人工智能绘画技术健康发展,为人类社会造福。

中国式现代化视域下知识分子的基本特性、价值追寻及发展进路

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑。中国知识分子在中国式现代化历史进程中发挥了不可替代的作用。中国式现代化视域下,从基本特性看,中国知识分子具有独特的民族性、突出的时代性、鲜明的人民性;从价值追寻看,中国知识分子对现代化的探索和追求始终围绕着实现全体人民共同富裕、人民当家作主和丰富人民精神世界而展开;从发展进路看,中国知识分子应当坚定民族自信、把握时代脉搏、站稳人民立场,完成其民族性、时代性和人民性的有机统一。在推进和拓展中国式现代化的历史进程中,中国知识分子既是参与者、建设者、推动者,也为这一伟大进程所滋养和形塑。