Unraveling the significance of cobalt on transformation kinetics,crystallography and impact toughness in high-strength steels

This work reveals the significant effects of cobalt(Co)on the microstructure and impact toughness of as-quenched highstrength steels by experimental characterizations and thermo-kinetic analyses.The results show that the Co-bearing steel exhibits finer blocks and a lower ductile-brittle transition temperature than the steel without Co.Moreover,the Co-bearing steel reveals higher transformation rates at the intermediate stage with bainite volume fraction ranging from around 0.1 to 0.6.The improved impact toughness of the Co-bearing steel results from the higher dense block boundaries dominated by the V1/V2 variant pair.Furthermore,the addition of Co induces a larger transformation driving force and a lower bainite start temperature(BS),thereby contributing to the refinement of blocks and the increase of the V1/V2 variant pair.These findings would be instructive for the composition,microstructure design,and property optimization of high-strength steels.

Soliton Solutions of a Coupled KdV System via Backlund Transformation

In this paper we use Böcklund transformation to construct soliton solutions for a coupled KdV system.This system was first proposed by Wang in 2010.First we generalize the well-known Bäcklund transformation for the KdV equation to such coupled KdV system.Then from a trivial seed solution,we construct soliton solutions.We also give a nonlinear superposition formula,which allows us to generate multi-soliton solutions.

Xiamen after 20 Years of Ecological Transformation

The efforts Xiamen has made in ecological protection over the last 20 years have helped it become a beautiful and clean city.TWENTY years ago,I had the opportunity to travel to the city of Xiamen in southeastern China’s Fujian Province.Unfortunately,due to the fact that I was in a rush,I did not have the chance to see the whole city.My memory of Xiamen was its pleasant climate and unforgettable beauty-I knew if I ever got the opportunity,I would revisit this place.Twenty years went by until I was able to return to this city again.After emerging from the airport,I realized that I had grown older,while Xiamen was becoming increasingly youthful and vibrant.What exactly had given this city such vitality?

Stage IV malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma palliatively treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Malignant transformation(MT)of mature cystic teratoma(MCT)has a poor prognosis,especially in advanced cases.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)has an inhibitory effect on MT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present a case in which CCRT had a reduction effect preoperatively.A 73-year-old woman with pyelonephritis was referred to our hospital.Computed tomography revealed right hydronephrosis and a 6-cm pelvic mass.Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy(EUS-FNB)revealed squamous cell carci-noma.The patient was diagnosed with MT of MCT.Due to her poor general con-dition and renal malfunction,we selected CCRT,expecting fewer adverse effects.After CCRT,her performance status improved,and the tumor size was reduced;surgery was performed.Five months postoperatively,the patient developed dis-semination and lymph node metastases.Palliative chemotherapy was ineffective.She died 18 months after treatment initiation.CONCLUSION EUS-FNB was useful in the diagnosis of MT of MCT;CCRT suppressed the disea-se and improved quality of life.

基于CNN-BiLSTM-Transformer的舰船中压直流全电推进系统故障诊断设计

针对舰船中压直流全电推进系统结构复杂度高、单元耦合性强、运行环境多变等特点造成的故障诊断准确性低和实时性差等问题,开展了基于CNN-BiLSTM-Transformer的故障诊断设计。首先,基于卷积神经网络CNN构建单点特征级联网络,开展单一时刻下故障信号空间特征的深入提取,以提升故障特征提取的有效性;其次,以双向长短期记忆网络BiLSTM为核心设计多点特征依赖网络,利用门控机制和双向时序学习机制,实现故障信号在多个时刻之间特征依赖关系的有效学习,以提升故障诊断的准确性;然后,以Transformer为核心建立序列特征并行处理网络,通过自注意力机制实现对故障特征上下文关系的精确刻画,进而利用多头注意力机制实现特征序列的并行处理,以提升故障诊断的实时性;最后,设计舰船中压直流全电推进系统故障诊断实验方案,并开展不同故障模式下的诊断性能评估。该文方法在多种故障模式下诊断准确率和实时性均优于现有的主流故障诊断方法,有助于为舰船中压直流全电推进系统的安全运行提供更有力的技术保障。

融合CNN与Transformer的遥感影像道路信息提取

利用高分辨率遥感影像进行道路信息提取时,深度神经网络很难同时学习影像全局上下文信息和边缘细节信息,为此,该文提出了一种同时学习全局语义信息和局部空间细节的级联神经网络。首先将输入的特征图分别送入到双分支编码器卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)和Transformer中,然后,采用了双分支融合模块(shuffle attention dual branch fusion block,SA-DBF)来有效地结合这2个分支学习到的特征,从而实现全局信息与局部信息的融合。其中,双分支融合模块通过细粒度交互对这2个分支的特征进行建模,同时利用多重注意力机制充分提取特征图的通道和空间信息,并抑制掉无效的噪声信息。在公共数据集Massachusetts道路数据集上对模型进行测试,准确率(overall accuracy,OA)、交并比(intersection over union,IoU)和F 1等评价指标分别达到98.04%,88.03%和65.13%;与主流方法U-Net和TransRoadNet等进行比较,IoU分别提升了2.01个百分点和1.42个百分点,实验结果表明所提出的方法优于其他的比较方法,能够有效提高道路分割的精确度。

CNN联合多尺度Transformer的高光谱与多光谱图像融合

高光谱图像具有丰富的光谱信息,多光谱图像具有精妙的几何特征,融合高分辨率的多光谱图像和低分辨率的高光谱图像可以获取更为全面的遥感数据图像。然而现有的融合网络大多数基于卷积神经网络所设计,对于结构复杂的遥感类图像而言,依赖于核大小的卷积运算,容易导致特征融合阶段缺乏一些全局上下文信息。为保证图像融合的质量,本文提出了一种CNN(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)联合多尺度transformer网络来实现多光谱和高光谱图像融合,结合了CNN的特征提取能力与transformer的全局建模优势。网络将融合任务分为了两个阶段,特征提取阶段和融合阶段。特征提取阶段,针对图像特性,基于卷积神经网络分别设计了不同模块用于特征提取。融合阶段,通过多尺度transformer模块从局部到全局建立信息间长距离关联,最后通过多层卷积层将特征映射为高分辨率的高光谱图像。经过在CAVE和Harvard数据集的实验结果表明,本文所提算法与其他经典算法相比,能更好地提升融合图像的质量。

基于Transformer模型的时序数据预测方法综述

时序数据预测(TSF)是指通过分析历史数据的趋势性、季节性等潜在信息,预测未来时间点或时间段的数值和趋势。时序数据由传感器生成,在金融、医疗、能源、交通、气象等众多领域都发挥着重要作用。随着物联网传感器的发展,海量的时序数据难以使用传统的机器学习解决,而Transformer在自然语言处理和计算机视觉等领域的诸多任务表现优秀,学者们利用Transformer模型有效捕获长期依赖关系,使得时序数据预测任务取得了飞速发展。综述了基于Transformer模型的时序数据预测方法,按时间梳理了时序数据预测的发展进程,系统介绍了时序数据预处理过程和方法,介绍了常用的时序预测评价指标和数据集。以算法框架为研究内容系统阐述了基于Transformer的各类模型在TSF任务中的应用方法和工作原理。通过实验对比了各个模型的性能、优点和局限性,并对实验结果展开了分析与讨论。结合Transformer模型在时序数据预测任务中现有工作存在的挑战提出了该方向未来发展趋势。

小数据集上基于语义的局部注意视觉Transformer方法

在小数据集上从零开始训练时,视觉Transformer无法与同规模的卷积神经网络媲美。基于图像的局部注意力方法,可以显著提高ViT的数据效率,但是会丢失距离较远但相关的补丁之间的信息。为了解决上述问题,提出一种双向并行局部注意力视觉Transformer的方法。该方法首先在特征层面上对补丁进行分组,在组内执行局部注意力,以利用特征空间中补丁之间的关系弥补信息丢失。其次,为了有效融合补丁之间的信息,将基于语义的局部注意力和基于图像的局部注意力并行结合起来,通过双向自适应学习来增强ViT模型在小数据上的性能。实验结果表明,该方法在计算量为15.2 GFLOPs和参数量为57.2 M的情况下,分别在CIFAR-10和CIFAR-100数据集上实现了97.93%和85.80%的准确性。相比于其他方法,双向并行局部注意力视觉Transformer在增强局部引导能力的同时,保持了局部注意力所需属性的有效性。

基于Transformer与注意力机制的肺部肿瘤分割方法

肺部肿瘤的准确分割对于肿瘤的诊断和治疗具有重要作用,然而肺部肿瘤分割中存在病灶与周围组织的对比度低、肿瘤与正常组织易粘连和背景噪声大等问题。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于Transformer和注意力机制的肺部肿瘤分割方法。在Transformer编码器阶段引入全局和局部的注意力机制,使得网络可以同时关注全局和局部的上下文信息;在跳跃连接阶段,使用通道优先卷积注意力机制,可以增强复杂病灶的空间感知能力和降低通道维度冗余,从而提高肿瘤的分割精度。在私有数据集GDPH和公共数据集LUNG1上的测试结果表明,本文方法相比其他8种分割方法,Dice指标在两个数据集上表现最优,分别为90.96%和88.18%,可以为临床的诊疗提供可靠辅助。

Hemorrhagic transformation in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke is associated with the gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide

Hemorrhagic transformation is a major complication of large-artery atheroscle rotic stroke(a major ischemic stro ke subtype)that wo rsens outcomes and increases mortality.Disruption of the gut microbiota is an important feature of stroke,and some specific bacteria and bacterial metabolites may contribute to hemorrhagic transformation pathogenesis.We aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and hemorrhagic transformation in largearte ry atheroscle rotic stro ke.An observational retrospective study was conducted.From May 2020 to September 2021,blood and fecal samples were obtained upon admission from 32 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke and not undergoing intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy,as well as 16 healthy controls.Patients with stro ke who developed hemorrhagic transfo rmation(n=15)were compared to those who did not develop hemorrhagic transformation(n=17)and with healthy controls.The gut microbiota was assessed through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing.We also examined key components of the lipopolysaccharide pathway:lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14.We observed that bacterial diversity was decreased in both the hemorrhagic transformation and non-hemorrhagic transfo rmation group compared with the healthy controls.The patients with ischemic stro ke who developed hemorrhagic transfo rmation exhibited altered gut micro biota composition,in particular an increase in the relative abundance and dive rsity of members belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.Plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were higher in the hemorrhagic transformation group compared with the non-hemorrhagic transfo rmation group.lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14 concentrations were associated with increased abundance of Enterobacte riaceae.Next,the role of the gut microbiota in hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated using an experimental stroke rat model.In this model,transplantation of the gut microbiota from hemorrhagic transformation rats into the recipient rats triggered higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14.Ta ken togethe r,our findings demonstrate a noticeable change in the gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide-related inflammatory response in stroke patients with hemorrhagic transformation.This suggests that maintaining a balanced gut microbiota may be an important factor in preventing hemorrhagic transfo rmation after stro ke.

Formation and transformation of metastable LPSO building blocks clusters in Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys by spinodal decomposition and heterogeneous nucleation

To study the formation and transformation mechanism of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures,a systematic atomic scale analysis was conducted for the structural evolution of long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)structures in the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy annealed at 300℃~500℃.Various types of metastable LPSO building block clusters were found to exist in alloy structures at different temperatures,which precipitate during the solidification and homogenization process.The stability of Zn/Y clusters is explained by the first principles of density functional theory.The LPSO structure is distinguished by the arrangement of its different Zn/Y enriched LPSO structural units,which comprises local fcc stacking sequences upon a tightly packed plane.The presence of solute atoms causes local lattice distortion,thereby enabling the rearrangement of Mg atoms in the different configurations in the local lattice,and local HCP-FCC transitions occur between Mg and Zn atoms occupying the nearest neighbor positions.This finding indicates that LPSO structures can generate necessary Schockley partial dislocations on specific slip surfaces,providing direct evidence of the transition from 18R to 14H.Growth of the LPSO,devoid of any defects and non-coherent interfaces,was observed separately from other precipitated phases.As a result,the precipitation sequence of LPSO in the solidification stage was as follows:Zn/Ycluster+Mg layers→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→18R/24R LPSO;whereas the precipitation sequence of LPSO during homogenization treatment was observed to be as follows:18R LPSO→various metastable LPSO building block clusters→14H LPSO.Of these,14H LPSO was found to be the most thermodynamically stable structure.

局部特征增强的磁共振图像Transformer重构

研究了一种基于多头自注意力与卷积特征融合的磁共振图像Transformer重构方法.采用U型网络结构,通过学习图像的多尺度特征以提升重构性能.采用深度分离卷积与多头自注意力融合的Swin Transformer结构,改善网络的特征学习能力.在CC359-Brain数据集下基于多种采样模式进行仿真实验,结果证明了该方法在提升磁共振图像重构质量与降低系统复杂度方面的有效性.

基于Transformer的胃癌显微高光谱图像分割方法

胃癌是全球第五常见的恶性肿瘤并死亡率较高,严重威胁人类的生命健康。因此,早期识别胃癌病变对早期胃癌诊断至关重要。显微高光谱成像技术作为一种新兴技术,可以在微观层面同时获取生物组织丰富的光谱信息和空间信息,为早期病理切片诊断提供了一种新的思路。利用显微高光谱成像系统,采集了在400~1000 nm波段范围的胃癌显微高光谱病理图像,通过光谱校正等预处理构建了包含230张图像的胃癌显微高光谱数据集。尽管基于空间注意力的方法在图像分类、分割等领域已取得了显著成果,但在处理高光谱图像时仍面临计算复杂度高以及光谱信息利用不充分的问题。为此,提出了基于卷积和注意力机制的混合双分支Transformer(MDBT)的特征提取主干网络模型。该模型通过交替应用空间混合模块和通道混合模块,实现块间和块内的空间和通道特征聚合。具体而言,设计了窗口注意力和卷积双分支以及空间和通道交互结构。这种设计不仅降低了计算复杂度,还通过卷积交互实现了窗口间信息交互和特征融合,从而克服了窗口注意力感受野受限的问题,进一步提高了Transformer的全局建模能力。在进行图像分割实验中,采用UperNet模型作为解码头网络对主干网络提取得到的特征进行还原,以得到最终的分割结果。在采集得到的胃癌高光谱数据集上进行了五折交叉验证实验,结果表明本模型的平均mDice和mIoU分别达到85.39、74.66,性能优于目前UNet、Swin、PVT、VIT等主流图像分割网络模型。同时设计一系列消融实验,验证本文提出空间和通道双混合模块、卷积与窗口注意力双分支等结构对实验结果的优化效果。实验结果表明本文提出的MDBT模型能够有效利用高光谱图像丰富的空间和光谱信息,提高胃癌图像分割准确率,证明显微高光谱成像技术在胃癌诊断方面具有一定的研究意义和应用价值。

Phase transformation in titanium alloys:A review

Due to a series of exceptional properties,titanium and titanium alloys have received extensive attention in recent years.Different from other alloy systems,there are two allotropes and a sequence of metastable phases in titanium alloys.By summarizing the recent investigations,the phase transformation processes corresponding to the common phases and also some less reported phases are reviewed.For the phase transformation only involvingαandβphases,it can be divided intoβ→αtransformation and a reverse transformation.The former one has been demonstrated from the orientation relationship betweenαandβphases and the regulation ofαmorphology.For the latter transformation,the role of the stress has been discussed.In terms of the metastable phases,the mechanisms of phase formation and their effects on microstructure and mechanical properties have been discussed.Finally,some suggestions about the development of titanium alloys have been proposed.

Defect Detection Model Using Time Series Data Augmentation and Transformation

Time-series data provide important information in many fields,and their processing and analysis have been the focus of much research.However,detecting anomalies is very difficult due to data imbalance,temporal dependence,and noise.Therefore,methodologies for data augmentation and conversion of time series data into images for analysis have been studied.This paper proposes a fault detection model that uses time series data augmentation and transformation to address the problems of data imbalance,temporal dependence,and robustness to noise.The method of data augmentation is set as the addition of noise.It involves adding Gaussian noise,with the noise level set to 0.002,to maximize the generalization performance of the model.In addition,we use the Markov Transition Field(MTF)method to effectively visualize the dynamic transitions of the data while converting the time series data into images.It enables the identification of patterns in time series data and assists in capturing the sequential dependencies of the data.For anomaly detection,the PatchCore model is applied to show excellent performance,and the detected anomaly areas are represented as heat maps.It allows for the detection of anomalies,and by applying an anomaly map to the original image,it is possible to capture the areas where anomalies occur.The performance evaluation shows that both F1-score and Accuracy are high when time series data is converted to images.Additionally,when processed as images rather than as time series data,there was a significant reduction in both the size of the data and the training time.The proposed method can provide an important springboard for research in the field of anomaly detection using time series data.Besides,it helps solve problems such as analyzing complex patterns in data lightweight.

Development of sustainable and efficient recycling technology for spent Li-ion batteries: Traditional and transformation go hand in hand

Clean and efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society.Therefore,we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs,starting with lithium-ion power batteries.Recent research on raw material collection,metallurgical recovery,separation and purification is highlighted,particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efficiency,energy consumption,technology transformation and policy management.Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored,revealing a clean and efficient closed-loop recovery mechanism.Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies,with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized.Ultimately,based on life-cycle assessment,the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efficient short process recycling technologies.This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry,to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling.

A new insight into LPSO phase transformation and mechanical properties uniformity of large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing

A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing(MFSP)technology in this work.The structure of grains and long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase were characterized,and the mechanical properties uniformity was investigated.Moreover,a quantitative relationship between the microstructure and tensile yield strength was established.The results showed that the grains in the processed zone(PZ)and interfacial zone(IZ)were refined from 50μm to 3μm and 4μm,respectively,and numerous original LPSO phases were broken.In IZ,some block-shaped 18R LPSO phases were transformed into needle-like 14H LPSO phases due to stacking faults and the short-range diffusion of solute atoms.The severe shear deformation in the form of kinetic energy caused profuse stacking fault to be generated and move rapidly,greatly increasing the transformation rate of LPSO phase.After MFSP,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation to failure of the large-scale plate were 367 MPa,305 MPa and 18.0% respectively.Grain refinement and LPSO phase strengthening were the major strengthening mechanisms for the MFSP sample.In particularly,the strength of IZ was comparable to that of PZ because the strength contribution of the 14H LPSO phase offsets the lack of grain refinement strengthening in IZ.This result opposes the widely accepted notion that IZ is a weak region in MFSP-prepared large-scale fine-grained plate.

Intrahepatic portal venous systems in adult patients with cavernous transformation of portal vein: Imaging features and a new classification

Background: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein(CTPV) due to portal vein obstruction is a rare vascular anomaly defined as the formation of multiple collateral vessels in the hepatic hilum. This study aimed to investigate the imaging features of intrahepatic portal vein in adult patients with CTPV and establish the relationship between the manifestations of intrahepatic portal vein and the progression of CTPV. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 14 CTPV patients in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital. All patients underwent both direct portal venography(DPV) and computed tomography angiography(CTA) to reveal the manifestations of the portal venous system. The vessels measured included the left portal vein(LPV), right portal vein(RPV), main portal vein(MPV) and the portal vein bifurcation(PVB). Results: Nine males and 5 females, with a median age of 40.5 years, were included in the study. No significant difference was found in the diameters of the LPV or RPV measured by DPV and CTA. The visualization in terms of LPV, RPV and PVB measured by DPV was higher than that by CTA. There was a significant association between LPV/RPV and PVB/MPV in term of visibility revealed with DPV( P = 0.01), while this association was not observed with CTA. According to the imaging features of the portal vein measured by DPV, CTPV was classified into three categories to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: DPV was more accurate than CTA for revealing the course of the intrahepatic portal vein in patients with CTPV. The classification of CTPV, that originated from the imaging features of the portal vein revealed by DPV, may provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of CTPV.

图像处理中CNN与视觉Transformer混合模型研究综述

卷积神经网络(CNN)与视觉Transformer是目前图像处理领域中两大重要的深度学习模型,两者经过多年来不断的研究与进步,已在该领域取得了非凡的成就。近些年来,CNN与视觉Transformer的混合模型正在逐步兴起,广泛的研究不断克服两种模型存在的弱项,高效地发挥出各自的亮点,在图像处理任务中表现出优异的效果。基于CNN与视觉Transformer混合模型进行深入阐述。总体概述了CNN与Vision Transformer模型的架构和优缺点,并总结混合模型的概念及优势。围绕串行结构融合方式、并行结构融合方式、层级交叉结构融合方式以及其他融合方式等四个方面全面回顾梳理了混合模型的研究现状和实际进展,并针对各种融合方式的主要代表模型进行总结与剖析,从多方面对典型混合模型进行评价对比。多角度叙述了混合模型在图像识别、图像分类、目标检测和图像分割等实际图像处理特定领域中应用研究,展现出混合模型在具体实践中的适用性和高效性。深入分析混合模型未来研究方向,并为后续该模型在图像处理中的研究与应用提出展望。