A new monitoring index for ecological vulnerability and its application in the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022

The ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin has become more fragile under the combined action of natural and manmade activities.However,the change mechanisms of ecological vulnerability in different sub-regions and periods vary,and the reasons for this variability are yet to be explained.Thus,in this study,we proposed a new remote sensing ecological vulnerability index by considering moisture,heat,greenness,dryness,land degradation,and social economy indicators and then analyzed and disclosed the spatial and temporal change patterns of ecological vulnerability of the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022 and its driving mechanisms.The results showed that the newly proposed remote sensing ecological vulnerability index had a high accuracy,at 86.36%,which indicated a higher applicability in the Yellow River Basin.From 2000 to 2022,the average remote sensing ecological vulnerability index of the Yellow River Basin was 1.03,denoting moderate vulnerability level.The intensive vulnerability area was the most widely distributed,which was mostly located in the northern part of Shaanxi Province and the eastern part of Shanxi Province.From 2000 to 2022,the ecological vulnerability in the Yellow showed an overall stable trend,while that of the central and eastern regions showed an obvious trend of improvement.The gravity center of ecological vulnerability migrated southwest,indicating that the aggravation of ecological vulnerability in the southwestern regions was more severe than in the northeastern regions of the basin.The dominant single factor of changes in ecological vulnerability shifted from normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)to temperature from 2000 to 2022,and the interaction factors shifted from temperature∩NDVI to temperature∩precipitation,which indicated that the global climate change exerted a more significant impact on regional ecosystems.The above results could provide decision support for the ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River Basin.

Existence of Monotone Positive Solution for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green’s Function

This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.

An effective Building Neighborhood Green Index model for measuring urban green space

Urban green space forms an integral part of urban ecosystems.Quantifying urban green space is of substantial importance for urban planning and development.Considering the drawbacks of previous urban green space index models,which established either through a grid method or green distribution,and the difficulty of the validation process of earlier urban green space index models,this study exploits the advantages of multisource high-resolution remote sensing data to establish a Building Neighborhood Green Index(BNGI)model.The model which analyzes the spatial configuration of built-up areas and the vegetation is based on the building-oriented method and considers four parameters–Green Index(GI),proximity to green,building sparsity,and building height.Comparing BNGI with GI in different types of characteristic building regions,it was found that BNGI evaluates urban green space more sensitively.It was also found that high-rise low-sparsity area has a lower mean value of BNGI(0.56)as compared with that of low-rise low-sparsity neighborhood(0.62),whereas mean GI(0.24)is equal for both neighborhoods.Taking characteristics of urban building and green types into consideration,BNGI model can be effectively used in many fields such as land suitability analysis and urban planning.

Construction of Performance Evaluation Index System for Enterprises Implementing Green Food Certification Based on BSC

According to the investigation results of 70 green food enterprises in Sichuan Province,the strategic targets of enterprises implementing green food certification are discussed by borrowing ideas from the Balanced Score Card.Balanced Score Card index system is selected and improved according to the changes of enterprises before and after implementing the green food certification system.Then,the performance evaluation index system of enterprises implementing green food certification is established.This index system has five strategic directions of finance,customer,internal management,social ecology,and learning and growth,and has 11 strategic targets,such as increasing operating profit,expanding market,improving the quality of staff,improving the production technology level,enhancing the core competence of enterprises,ensuring food safety,improving the physical quality of human,and protecting ecological environment.According to the principles of guidance,scientificity,comparability,feasibility,and significance,a total of 24 evaluation indices are established,including the change of product cost,change of product sales revenue,change of profit rate,change of return on investment,change of internal and external lost cost,change of the proportion of certified products in total sales and so on.

Calculation and Analysis of the Industrial Green Development Index in Hunan Province

In order to realize the purpose of human sustainable development,green development has become a dominant trend in contemporary society. ＂ Green Hunan＂ is the primary slogan of Hunan＇s four cards. Thus,in recent years,what is the practice result of Hunan＇s green development？ Based on the concept of industrial green development index,we selected the related panel data from 14 different cities of Hunan Province in 2012. The energy consumption and carbon emissions were also selected as input indexes,and GDP of secondary industry was used as the output index to build the industrial green development index. The CRS model of DEA was used to calculate and sequence the industrial green development indexes of 14 cities in Hunan Province.

Construction of Green Community Index System under the Background of Community Construction

Under the background of community construction, green community has become a concentrated embodiment of human pursuit of high-quality life. Green community plays an important role in saving energy, improving living environment and promoting sustainable development. By establishing the evaluation index system of green community, this paper attempts to make a more comprehensive evaluation from the aspects of resources, environment and management mode of green community, to effectively evaluate the development level of green community, to provide reference for government departments to manage and develop the development of decision-making green community, to provide guidance for planning and designing green community environment, and to provide direction for the construction of green sustainable development. At the same time, it is beneficial to the promotion and development of green environmental protection technology.

Research on the Weight of Index for the Assessment Standard for Green Store Building

Assessment standard for green store building of national standard has been compiled. The index has been given by experts' subjective assignment based on experience. Analytic hierarchy process has been used,making questionnaires of experts,using pairwise comparison and calculating the weight of each index. The weight of index in assessment would not only make quantitative evaluation on the whole situation of green store buildings,but also provide the foundation for compilation and revision.

Recent Vegetation Cover Dynamics and Climatic Parameters Evolution Study in the Great Green Wall of Senegal

The drought recorded in 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the Sahara and Sahel region has greatly affected the population as well as the economies and the eco-systems of this area. In 2007, the African Union launched a Pan-African program, the Great Green Wall for the Sahara, the Sahel Initiative (GGWSSI) to reverse land degradation and desertification by planting a wall of trees stretching from Dakar to Djibouti. The objective is to improve food security, and support local people to adapt to climate change. This paper aims to evaluate the impacts of the reforestation program in Senegal, fifteen years after it was launched. This study uses a time series of satellite-derived vegetation cover and climatic parameters data to analyze the sustainability of these interventions. Change detection approaches were applied to identify and characterize the drives of the eventual changes. A comparative analysis of reforestation on climatic parameters was explored through the temporal analysis of the vegetation index over the periods 2000-2008 and 2009-2020. An increase in vegetation activity was noted through the NDVI at the interannual (+2% to +8%) and seasonal (+1.5% to 7% for the wet season and 1% to 4% for the dry season) scale and a positive and significant evolution is noted on the trace of the GGW. Also, the period 2009-2020 recorded an increase in rainfall of 2% to 8% of the average value 2000-2020 and 4% to 8% of the rainy season. Soil moisture is the climatic parameter that has increased the most, with an increase of 25% to 54% of the 2000-2020 average, i.e. between 20 mm and 70 mm more. This study shows a significant improvement in the relationship between NDVI and climate parameters after the different reforestation actions of the GGW.

公众环境关注度促进了绿色金融发展吗?--来自中国284个城市的经验证据

基于2011—2019年中国284个城市的面板数据,实证检验了公众环境关注度对绿色金融发展的影响。研究结果表明,公众环境关注度对绿色金融发展存在显著正向影响,这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。传导机制检验表明,公众环境关注度促进政府提高环境规制强度,进而推动绿色金融发展。调节性效应检验表明,地区经济发展水平、地区绿色创新水平能够正向调节公众环境关注度对绿色金融的正向影响。异质性检验表明,在中西部地区、教育水平较高、污染排放量较高、环境信息公开的地区,公众环境关注度对绿色金融的促进作用更加显著。推进绿色金融发展必须激发公众对环境的关注,完善公众参与机制,提升绿色创新水平,制定差异化发展战略。

四川青山绿水指数研究

为准确把握四川省各市州绿水青山可持续发展程度和“两山”转化成效,基于全省21个市州2022年资源统计数据,以绿色生态指数(I_(cw))为目标层,选取绿色生态空间数量、绿色生态质量和生态服务功能3个要素作为准则层,构建评价体系,再以绿色生态指数(I_(cw))为基础构建了青山绿水评价指数(Q_(w)),并对其进行了评价。结果表明:川西高原绿色生态发展空间最大,绿色生态指数(I_(cw))在1.5以上,但“两山”转化成效低,青山绿水指数(Q_(w))在4.5以下;川中丘陵区绿色生态发展空间最低,绿色生态指数(I_(cw))在3.0以下,但“两山”转化成效较高,青山绿水指数(Q_(w))介于8.0~11.0。川南、川西山地和川西平原绿色生态发展空间相对较高,“两山”转化成效最高,青山绿水指数(Q_(w))均高于11.0。

“双碳”背景下中国制造业绿色出口竞争力研究

在“双碳”背景下,提升中国制造业绿色出口竞争力对发展绿色贸易具有重要意义。论文引入碳排放权交易价格,运用多区域投入产出模型,将传统的单位劳动成本改进为单位绿色隐含劳动成本,将出口增加值国际市场份额改进为绿色出口增加值国际市场份额,进而构建绿色出口竞争力指数,测算并比较中国十大制造行业绿色出口竞争力。研究发现,2005—2019年中国大部分制造行业单位绿色隐含劳动成本和绿色出口竞争力指数均在上升,其中单位绿色隐含劳动成本上升最多的是金属制品业,从2005年的0.409上升到2019年的0.780,绿色出口竞争力指数上升最多的是非金属矿物制品业,从0.243上升到1.069。回归结果表明,研发投入和行业规模对中国制造业绿色出口竞争力有显著正向影响。针对以上结论,在“双碳”目标下,论文提出提高劳动生产率、培育可持续竞争优势、加大技术研发投入等政策建议。

中国工业绿色低碳转型指数的时空演变分析

工业绿色低碳转型是实现“双碳”目标和经济高质量发展的重要支撑。文章基于2002-2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,利用超效率EBM模型和GML指数对工业绿色低碳转型指数进行测度并探究其时空演变特征。研究发现:从时序上看,全国工业绿色低碳转型指数变化有明显的阶段性特征,呈先上升、后下降、再上升的趋势;从空间上看,工业绿色低碳转型指数的空间集聚特征显著,地理相邻对工业绿色低碳转型有显著的正向影响。进一步,文章采用了空间β收敛模型对工业绿色低碳转型指数的收敛趋势进行评价,实证结果显示,中国工业绿色低碳转型指数空间绝对β收敛和空间条件β收敛显著。

黑龙江森工林区绿色发展模式研究与指标评价

本文从森林资源保护、森林生态系统服务、森林经济发展和森林社会文化发展等方面分析了森工林区的绿色发展模式,提出了森工林区绿色发展模式的指标评价体系,旨在为黑龙江森工林区绿色发展模式的实施提供参考。

基于灰色系统理论的电网工程绿色建造模糊综合评价模型

为贯彻落实绿色发展理念,提升现有电网工程绿色建造评价方法的全面性、系统性以及客观性,提出了一种基于灰色系统理论的模糊综合评价模型。通过研究影响电网工程设计、施工与交付等环节的重要绿色评价因子,构建了多层次的绿色建造评价指标体系。并基于灰色系统理论确定指标权重,建立了多层级模糊综合评价模型。同时选取电网工程案例来进行验证,证明了该模型能够科学、合理地确定各指标的权重,从而为电网工程绿色建造评价及不断优化提供了支撑。

基于PMC指数模型的铁路绿色施工政策研究

研究目的:铁路绿色施工政策是落地铁路可持续发展,打造生态铁路的方向引领与实施保障。铁路绿色施工政策的量化研究可以为政策的制定、修订、完善与优化提供重要的数据决策依据。本文借助ROSTCM6.0文本挖掘工具及PMC指数模型,旨在科学合理地评价我国当前铁路绿色施工相关政策的效果与优劣,为铁路绿色施工政策的高质量制定提供决策支持。研究结论:(1)选取7项铁路绿色施工政策作为研究样本,验证了PMC指数模型在评价铁路绿色施工政策的实用性与可靠性,结果与实际情况符合度较高,表明该模型可为铁路绿色施工政策评价提供借鉴价值;(2)各项政策的PMC指数等级可以有效判断该项政策的优劣,明确政策现状及优化方向;(3)本研究结果可为相关部委及公司制定、优化铁路绿色施工政策提供参考和借鉴。

建筑立体绿化对微气候改善作用实测研究

为研究立体绿化改善微气候的作用,选取重庆地区具有代表性的4个立体绿化建筑物进行微气候实测分析,比较了绿化朝向、距外墙距离、叶面积指数等因素对绿墙降温增湿能力的影响。实测结果表明面宽小于30 m的立体绿化可以降低空气温度约0.7℃,增加空气相对湿度约15%。面宽大于30 m的立体绿化可以实现1.5~3℃的降温效应。东西朝向的立体绿化要比南北向的多降温约0.9℃,增加约1.5%空气湿度。叶面积指数对立体绿化的降温增湿效应影响较大,叶面积指数增大0.40,空气温度降低约0.6℃,增加空气湿度约3%。立体绿化对微气候的影响范围较广,研究结果证实,在街区尺度实施立体绿化可以调节城市微气候,改善城市热环境。

Optimization of Green Space Plant Configuration in Residential Areas of Chongqing Central Business District Based on Green Plot Ratio—A Case Study of Xuhui City Residential Community

The current urban green space construction was guided by a two-dimensional index evaluation system, resulting in weak ecological benefits of green space. Green plot ratio (GPR), as a three-dimensional indicator, can characterize the ecological benefits of green areas and the ability of green areas to participate in the operation and regulation of urban ecosystems. As an important component of urban green space, the GPR index was added to the two-dimensional index evaluation system to optimize the green space, which can promote the development of low-carbon, healthy and ecological green space. Based on the research of 22 residential districts in the central city of Chongqing, the Leaf area index (LAI) index of common native garden plants in Chongqing was formed to improve the accuracy of green capacity index measurement in Chongqing. The study also took the residential community of Sunrise City in Banan District of Chongqing as an example, and carried out the optimization design practice from four types of residential community green areas: green areas next to houses, road green areas, concentrated green areas, and green areas attached to public service facilities.

基于DEA模型的河南省工业绿色转型绩效评价研究

构建了河南省工业绿色转型绩效评价的指标体系,然后选择3个投入指标和3个产出指标,用DEA方法对2023年河南省18个地区的工业绿色转型绩效进行评价分析,计算出各地区工业绿色转型的投入产出效率。结果表明该模型对河南省各地区工业绿色转型水平进行评价的可行性,数据易于获取,能够帮助政府部门制定相关政策和方针指导生产。

基于云物元的寒区公路绿色施工评价体系研究

脆弱性冻土生态环境与寒区公路建设存在复杂的博弈关系,二者相互制约、相互影响,为践行绿色低碳公路的战略目标,科学构建一套寒区公路绿色施工评价体系,是十分迫切且重要的。鉴于此,文章基于文献调查法和德尔菲法进行寒区公路绿色施工评价指标体系的构建,运用改进的三标度层次分析法对评价指标权重进行确定,将云模型引入到物元可拓评价模型,建立各评价指标正态云评价语言云参数,实现模糊性指标评价语言从定性到定量的转换,通过MATLAB多次仿真计算评价指标与各评价等级间隶属度,运用最大隶属度原则判断寒区公路绿色施工评价等级。对黑龙江省多年冻土区呼玛至十八站段公路项目进行绿色施工评价,得到“Ⅳ”级评价结果,绿色施工发展态势较好。对比模型计算结果与项目实际绿色施工情况得,绿色施工模型评价结果与项目绿色施工实际开展状况相吻合,证实了建立的指标体系与评价模型的科学合理性,可为同类寒区公路项目开展绿色施工评价提供一定的借鉴。