Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Waterfront Green Spaces

Definition of urban waterfront green spaces is given,its design principles are summarized as:human-centered,ecology-first,integrated nature and humanity,highlighting regional characteristics,unified planning and overall coordination.Design of ecological plant community,design of traffic network and revetment management is analyzed to explore design contents and techniques of urban waterfront green spaces.In terms of the design of ecological plant community,the selection of landscape plants and landscaping of waterfront green spaces are analyzed;traffic network is further classified into water traffic,waterfront pathway,and driveway system;waterfront revetment management is specifically discussed from the original natural revetment,natural revetment reinforced by natural designs,and natural revetment reinforced by artificial designs.Problems in the modern urban waterfront green spaces are proposed,such as contradictions between diversified functions and simple designs,lack of regional characteristics,viewers are kept away from water;countermeasures are also given in the hope of pushing urban waterfront green spaces in a healthy development road,so as to improve the overall landscape quality of urban waterfront green spaces.

Butterfly taxonomic and functional diversity in the urban green spaces of Hefei city

Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.

Analysis on the Green Space System Planning of Small Cities in Mountainous Areas

With the urban green space system planning of small cities in mountainous areas as the study object,the planning practices are analyzed and studied to summarize the common characteristics of urban green space system planning in those small cities.Being combined with relevant national standards and regulations,the problems that those small cities are faced with in their urban green space system planning are analyzed,then corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to resolve problems in the practical planning.

Study on the Planning of Urban Green Space System in the Precinct Area of Dali City

This paper elaborated natural conditions of Dali City,jurisdictions which included 2 offices,2 towns,89 village offices and 429 natural villages,and planning scope which contained the precinct area of Dali City and covers a total area of 1 815 km2.In accordance with the urban development space and functional layout of "one lake,two lines and two slices"("one lake" refers to Erhai Lake;"two lines" stands for the area in the east and west of Erhai Lake;"two slices" indicates the area in the north and south of Erhai Lake),based on the construction of provincial and national garden city and of large landscape city,green spatial network system with the combination of "spot","line" and "surface" was put forward,so as to manifest "largeness","wideness","harmony" and "linkage".And finally,the planning structure of green space system of "two circles,two slices,four belts,seven spots and eighteen waterfronts area"("two circles" refers to the area around the lake and the area around the mountain,"two slices" stands for the area in the north and south of Erhai Lake,"four belts" means four landscape belts of the garden city,"seven spots" indicates the seven green landscape spots in villages and towns,"eighteen waterfronts area" is colored green belt in eighteen stream's basin) was proposed.

Analysis of the Green Space System Planning in Small Towns with Yifeng Township, Yancheng City as an Example

Taking the green space systems in Yifeng Township for an example, this paper analyzed the characteristics and planning principles of green space system in small towns under the background of rapid urbanization. It also proposed the construction of stable ecological green space pattern of towns, the development of forest-type green space and the planning ideas of green space system in small towns that can embody regional context and implement multifunctional composite.

Green Space System Planning of Huaiyang County in Henan Province

The characteristics of small cities in Henan Province were summarized in this study, with Huaiyang County as an example, guiding concepts, goals and contents of green space system planning of county-level cities in Henan Province were analyzed through reviewing the general situation of its green space system and the planning of green space system in the construction of garden cities.

Analysis of problems in urban green space system planning in China

This paper discusses the major problems in urban green space system （UGSS） planning at both general and special planning levels in China. At general planning level, the problems of the UGSS are mainly from the ignorance in the characteristics of urban nature spaces and the limitation factors of the urban planning system. Great importance is attached to the green spaces in the built area of city, but the green spaces in surrounding areas of the city is unnoticed. Furthermore, because the area of UGSS planning is strictly limited by the administrative zoning, the green space system loses its integrity and rationality in spatial patterns. The schedules of urban development planning mismatched the paces and progresses of the ecological restoration cycles. At special plan level, the problem of the UGSS in China is that the green spaces quantity was over emphasized but the rationality of their layouts is neglected.. Meanwhile, the requirement of the spatial structures and the green spaces layouts to balance between the urban development and the natural ecological environments is often ignored. With regard to the layouts in the UGSS planning practices, the existing problems are the compromising to the existing land-uses, the ＇filling in＇ approach to plan green spaces and an over-emphasis on the layout patterns.

Planning Overall Landscapes,Building a Garden City:on the Revision of Guangzhou Urban Green Space System Planning

The concept of urban green space system planning was proposed after analyzing the background of compiling Guangzhou green space system planning and current situation of local green spaces,i.e. design landscape pattern of Guangzhou City during urban agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta,and highlight Lingnan cultures(Lingnan refers to south of the Five Ridges) and features of "Flower City"(another name of Guangzhou). Key points of planning are protecting ecological barriers in the north,improving urban garden structure in the center,using wetland reasonably in the south,to maintain integrality and continuity of the landscape pattern.

Green Space System Planning in Shuangcheng City and Creation of the City's Characteristics

Characteristic urban construction has already become a trend of modern social development,in this context,components of characteristic urban green spaces,and ways of demonstrating features of urban green space system were analyzed.Shuangcheng City in Heilongjiang Province was taken for example to analyze planning objectives and principles of characteristic urban green space system.Moreover,the green space layout of "A Hundred Years Old Castle,A Hundred of Enterprises and A Hundred of Gardens" was introduced.It was proposed that green space system planning suited to the development features and ecological conditions of the city should be developed from the perspective of greater regional environment,historical and cultural deposits,urban development pattern and lifestyle of the locals,so as to create urban green space system with regional features.

Planning of Urban Public Disaster-prevention Green Spaces: A Case Study of Living Water Park in Chengdu City

Based on disaster-prevention functions of urban public green spaces, necessity and significance of emergency shelters in a city were analyzed. Taking Living Water Park in Chengdu for example, planning of urban public disaster-prevention green spaces was analyzed to further explore planning of urban disaster-prevention green space system and refugee spaces, and provide instructions for the planning and construction of urban disaster-prevention green spaces in China.

Ecological Planning and Design of Urban Green Space System of Sanya City

The construction of International Tourism Island has accelerated the development of Sanya City. The population aggregation and the external extension of urban area have brought a lot of negative effects, such as discontinuities of green space matrix, dysfunction of green wedge permeation, deficiency of eco-corridor, structural imbalance of green space system and so on. The overall layout of Green space system known as "One Belt & Three Bays, One Core & Six Towns, Two Axes & Three Wedges, Two Net Synchronous-construction" strengthens the eco-connection among different groups and green space in central area of the city, and realizes the collaborative construction of both resource corridor and landscape corridor. The eco-layout of green core, green corridor and green patch helps keep the integrity of large vegetation patches, enhances the eco-connection of different types of green space and improves finger-shaped network of urban green space. The most efficient way to promote the circulation of urban ecosystem and the positive development of Sanya City is to plan multilevel and three-dimensional eco-space structure and maximize ecological benefits of green space system.

基于CITYgreen的城市绿地规划研究

采用地理信息系统及遥感技术,并依据实地调查,定性与定量结合,重点利用C ITYgreen对研究区域内部树木的生态效益进行了计算,旨在将这一先进的城市绿地生态效益定量手段引入到我国城市规划及设计的工作中去,以使我国的城市建设科学高效地可持续发展。

Urban Pocket Park System Planning Based on Low Carbon Comprehensive Benefits: A Case Study of Chaowai District in Beijing

Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an important component of low carbon landscape construction,the construction of urban pocket park system based on mini-parks plays a crucial role in improving the urban greening level,increasing the urban green space,alleviating the urban pressure,improving the living and healthy environment of urban residents,and promoting the urban ecological balance.Taking Chaowai district of Beijing as an example,this paper calculates the ecological value of trees including energy contribution,carbon sequestration,ability to improve rainfall runoff and aesthetic value by collecting the information of trees and the plot on which the trees are located through the i-Tree platform,which provides important reference value for the urban pocket park system planning to create low carbon comprehensive benefits.

基于CiteSpace文献计量分析的生态网络构建研究进展

生态网络构建作为一种有效的生态手段,对于保护物种多样性,建设城市生态空间及优化国土空间资源配置方面有积极意义。利用Arcgis平台运算、对遥感数据解译利用等新技术,应用层次分析法(AHP)、专家打分法(德尔菲法)等分析方法使生态网络的构建更加精准。以CNKI、WOS为数据源,用知识图谱计算工具CiteSpace进行定量分析,通过数据可视化与内容的结合进行研究,对于构建生态网络方面的研究进展、研究方法进行分析,特别是针对“MCR模型”在生态网络的应用进行深入研究,对不同尺度范围绿地生态网络构建方法进行总结,最后对未来研究发展态势作出展望。结果表明,我国基于MCR模型构建生态网络的研究,按照发文量可分为3个阶段,即启蒙阶段、快速发展阶段、稳步发展阶段;而现阶段最小阻力模型(MCR)在生态网络的应用已经趋于成熟,只是在因子选取及赋值方面未形成统一科学标准;此外,研究尺度呈现多元化,涉及市、省、城市群等多尺度。

Low-carbon Concepts in the Planning of Residential Communities

It has become a common pursuit of designers to construct comfortable,energy-conserving,high-efficiency and natural living environment since the early 21st century.In the coming low-carbon age,the evolution of low-carbon concepts will surely bring positive influence on the present planning concepts of residential community,and meanwhile,propose higher requirements on the natural and ecological properties of residential community,such as its infrastructure construction,traffic organization,environment greening and so on.Through analyzing relevant concepts of low carbon,the authors studied the development of low-carbon concepts in "human-centered" designs,and its applications in architecture,traffic and green spaces.This study proposed that the improvement of low-carbon society could be started from the design of low-carbon residential communities,so as to satisfy the increasing ecological needs of people on living environment,and play a promotional role in facilitating the sustainable development of society.

Study on the Layout of Urban Planning in Rapid Urbanization Areas under the Background of Air Pollution

China＇s urbanization has been over the medium-term process,which has made great achievements,but also triggered a huge problem of air pollution. Air pollution has become a big problem after the water pollution in China,and a serious threat to people＇s life and health. Under the background of ＂ the construction of beautiful China＂ and rapid urbanization,how to build a beautiful home has become the focus of attention. Taking Shenyang as an example,the author contrastively analyses the spatial distribution of the main air pollutants（ PM10,PM2. 5,and SO2） and the present situation of land use,and thus finds out the rules between pollutants distribution and land use. Then combining the urban planning scheme and the rules obtained above,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the scheme to improve the air quality,and reduce or avoid air pollution,and providing the basis for the construction of a piece of blue sky. The conclusions are as follows： 1 air pollutants concentration above Light Oil Gas Making Factory in south vice city of Shenyang reaches the peak value,and industrial point source is the main air pollutants emission source; 2 pollutants concentration above greenbelt is the lowest; 3 the overall spatial structure of urban planning can insulate the industrial agglomeration areas to some extent; greenbelt planning covers 40%- 50% of the area with high concentration of air pollutants,and it is suggested to achieve full coverage; traffic planning can achieve shunt most of the pollutants in many regions,but it can also expand the scope of pollutants in some certain regions,in such regions,it should reduce the road density.

基于生境网络构建优化的生物多样性保护规划途径研究

城市绿色空间是承载生物多样性的关键,以其为基础构建生境网络有助于整合破碎绿地斑块,促进物种交流与迁徙,为生物多样性保护提供基础。现有生境网络构建过程中存在依赖单一模型、忽略区域实际物种情况、网络构建的工作路径尚未统一、输出成果难以与上位规划衔接并在规划层面进行实践应用等问题。在明确生物多样性保护规划工作内容与目标的基础上,综合运用生境质量分析、地理探测器、最小累积阻力模型等模型方法,识别区域生境源地和廊道,并在考虑区域指示物种的基础上补充重要生境节点,构建面向生物多样性保护的生境网络,系统优化了“源地识别-廊道模拟-节点提取-网络构建”的网络构建方法;以对接国土空间规划下的绿地系统专项规划为目标,将生境网络构建结果通过红线比对、绿地分类匹配等途径,从空间管控角度提出保护措施,实现与绿地系统规划的有效衔接,构建统一规范的生物多样性保护规划工作路径,以通城县为例验证工作路径的可行性,优化面向生物多样性保护的生境网络构建方法,为县域绿地系统规划与生物多样性保护规划提供科学依据。

公园绿地文化生态系统服务供需空间匹配研究——以成都市主城区为例

分析快速城市化区域文化生态系统服务(CES)的供需匹配特征对于城市可持续发展具有重要意义。然而,全面识别城市公园绿地多种CES的供需空间匹配特征是现有研究的难点。因此,为识别公园绿地多种CES供给、居民多样化需求与实际服务之间的差异,以成都市主城区为例,结合大数据分析、社会调查与ArcGIS空间分析方法,综合评价公园绿地的6种CES(娱乐、美学、社交、锻炼、文化、灵感)的实际服务、潜在供给和潜在需求空间差异,分析供需聚类分布特征。结果表明:1)供需总体分布方面,成都市主城区实际服务呈现东北部高、西部低的分布特征;潜在供给呈现南部高、北部和东部低的分布特征;潜在需求呈现中间高、四周低的分布特征;2)供需匹配空间分布特征方面,6种CES均呈现从边界到市中心由供给冗余转为供给赤字,CES错配面积占研究区的85%,其中,灵感>美学>娱乐=文化>锻炼>社交;3)供需聚类方面,高供给-低需求占比最大,为37%,低供给-高需求主要分布在研究区中部,占比20%。综合评估城市公园绿地多种CES供需匹配特征,为城市公园绿地系统规划提供更为严谨可行的依据。

城市邻里绿地与心理健康研究进展

文章从邻里尺度出发,检索3个数据库(Web of Science、Pubmed、Scopus)10年来邻里绿地与心理健康的研究性文献,对达到筛选要求的51篇文献的研究方法、研究结果进行统计分析,在梳理城市邻里空间范围、邻里绿地特征、社会背景与心理健康相关性关系的基础上,进一步总结出以居民心理健康为导向的邻里绿地空间规划启示为:对于邻里绿地空间规划,需要综合邻里100~500 m、500~800 m、800~1600 m范围内绿地特征,关注绿道等线性绿地、大型休闲绿地的建设,关注劣势群体聚集区域的绿地规划;对于存量提升的绿地规划,需要优化邻里整体空间的植物结构、丰富植被种类,关注绿地内部品质,尤其重视口袋公园、街道空间的质量提升。未来需要增加纵向研究、绿地量化特征比较研究,以及绿地解释机制关系研究。

街区蓝绿空间对热环境影响的空间异质性研究

【目的】蓝绿空间对热环境优化的积极效应已获得广泛关注,但现有研究对蓝绿空间指标影响热环境作用的空间异质性探究不深入,挖掘多维度蓝绿空间对热环境的影响有利于气候适应性城市建设。【方法】将蓝绿空间破碎化、热环境恶化的天津市中心城区作为研究区域,以地表温度作为热环境表征指标,借助Fragstats 4.2与Guidos Toolbox 2.9软件计算蓝绿空间规模、形态、布局3个方面的表征指标,引入多尺度地理加权回归(multiscale geographically weighted regression, MGWR)模型开展统计分析。【结果】1)天津市中心城区蓝绿空间分布呈现“四廊多点”的特征,而地表温度分布则呈现明显的“中心高外围低”的特征;2)各蓝绿空间指标对热环境的作用尺度存在一定分异,平均形状指数、边缘布局占比的作用尺度较小,存在较大的空间异质性;绿色空间占比与核心布局占比的作用尺度较大,影响程度在空间上变化平缓;3)各蓝绿空间指标中,绿色空间占比、核心布局占比、斑块内聚度指数(COHESION)对热环境具有显著负向作用,分支布局占比和边缘布局占比对热环境有显著正向作用。【结论】全面挖掘了街区蓝绿空间中影响热环境的指标,探索了它们对热环境的多尺度空间异质性影响并提出蓝绿空间调控建议,为高密度城区的气候适应及城市街区精细化管理提供理论支撑。