The Chaobai River Basin,which is a crucial ecological barrier and primary water source area within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,possesses substantial ecological significance.The gross ecosystem product(GEP)in the ...The Chaobai River Basin,which is a crucial ecological barrier and primary water source area within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,possesses substantial ecological significance.The gross ecosystem product(GEP)in the Chaobai River Basin is a reflection of ecosystem conditions and quantifies nature’s contributions to humanity,which provides a basis for basin ecosystem service management and decision-making.This study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of GEP in the upper Chaobai River Basin and explored the driving factors influencing GEP spatial differentiation.Ecosystem patterns from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed,and GEP was calculated for 2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The driving factors influencing GEP spatial differentiation were identified using the optimal parameter-based geographical detector(OPGD)model.The key findings are as follows:(1)From 2005 to 2020,the main ecosystem types were forest,grassland,and agriculture.Urban areas experienced significant changes,and conversions mainly occurred among urban,water,grassland and agricultural ecosystems.(2)Temporally,the GEP in the basin increased from 2005 to 2020,with regulation services dominating.At the county(district)scale,GEP exhibited a north-west-high and south-east-low pattern,showing spatial differences between per-unit-area GEP and county(district)GEP,while the spatial variations in per capita GEP and county(district)GEP were similar.(3)Differences in the spatial distribution of GEP were influenced by regional natural geographical and socioeconomic factors.Among these factors,gross domestic product,population density,and land-use degree density contributed significantly.Interactions among different driving forces noticeably impacted GEP spatial differentiation.These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating factors such as population density and the intensity of land-use development into ecosystem management decision-making processes in the upper reaches of the Chaobai River Basin.Future policies should be devised to regulate human activities,thereby ensuring the stability and enhancement of GEP.展开更多
Gross ecosystem product(GEP) is the gross value of all ecosystem products and services provided by ecosystems for human society. In practice, GEP measures the ecosystems’ contributions to human well-being and constit...Gross ecosystem product(GEP) is the gross value of all ecosystem products and services provided by ecosystems for human society. In practice, GEP measures the ecosystems’ contributions to human well-being and constitutes one of the core issues in the construction of ecological civilization systems. Currently, GEP accounting faces a series of problems, such as the inconsistency of accounting subjects and a lack of accounting standards,the result of which is the non-reproducibility and weak applicability of accounting results. In this paper, mainstream models for ecosystem service valuation are summarized in a systematic manner. On this basis, eight basic principles are established for screening accounting indicators: biological productivity, human benefits, production territoriality, current increment, actual effectiveness, physical metrizability, data availability, and harmlessness. Next, a series of ecosystem service subjects are identified that need to be excluded from accounting, and the detailed reasons for their exclusion are presented. Finally, three ideas for improving GEP accounting are offered from the perspectives of the relationship between biological production and human production, the circulation-transport relationship and spatial differences, and harms to the ecosystem carrying capacity. The purpose is to provide positive considerations aimed at promoting the socio-economic applications of accounting and to contribute to the scientific quantification of the values of ecological products.展开更多
Grasslands and agro-ecosystems occupy one-third of the global terrestrial area. However, great uncertainty still exists about their contributions to the global carbon cycle. This study used various combinations of a s...Grasslands and agro-ecosystems occupy one-third of the global terrestrial area. However, great uncertainty still exists about their contributions to the global carbon cycle. This study used various combinations of a simple ecosystem respiration model and a photosynthesis model to simulate the influence of different climate factors, specifically radiation, temperature, and moisture, on the ecosystem carbon exchange at two dissimilar study sites. Using a typical alpine meadow site in a cold region and a typical cropland site in an arid region as cases, we investigated the response char- acteristics of productivity of grasslands and croplands to different environmental factors, and analyzed the seasonal change patterns of different model parameters. Parameter estimations and uncertainty analyses were performed based on a Bayesian approach. Our results indicated that： （1） the net ecosystem exchange （NEE） of alpine meadow and seeded maize during the growing season presented obvious diurnal and seasonal variation patterns. On the whole, the alpine meadow and seeded maize ecosystems were both apparent sinks for atmospheric CO2; （2） in the daytime, the mean NEE of the two ecosystems had the largest values in July and the lowest values in October. However, overall carbon uptake in the cropland was greater than in the alpine meadow from June to September; （3） at the alpine meadow site, temperature was the main limiting factor influencing the ecosystem carbon exchange variations during the growing season, while the sensitivity to water limitation was relatively small since there is abundant of rainfall in this region; （4） at the cropland site, both temperature and moisture were the most important limiting factors for the variations of ecosystem carbon exchanges during the growing season; and （5） some parameters had an obvious characteristic of seasonal patterns, while others had only small seasonal variations.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1301804)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission through the Innovative Transdisciplinary Program“Ecological Restoration Engineering”(No.GJJXK210102).
文摘The Chaobai River Basin,which is a crucial ecological barrier and primary water source area within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,possesses substantial ecological significance.The gross ecosystem product(GEP)in the Chaobai River Basin is a reflection of ecosystem conditions and quantifies nature’s contributions to humanity,which provides a basis for basin ecosystem service management and decision-making.This study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of GEP in the upper Chaobai River Basin and explored the driving factors influencing GEP spatial differentiation.Ecosystem patterns from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed,and GEP was calculated for 2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The driving factors influencing GEP spatial differentiation were identified using the optimal parameter-based geographical detector(OPGD)model.The key findings are as follows:(1)From 2005 to 2020,the main ecosystem types were forest,grassland,and agriculture.Urban areas experienced significant changes,and conversions mainly occurred among urban,water,grassland and agricultural ecosystems.(2)Temporally,the GEP in the basin increased from 2005 to 2020,with regulation services dominating.At the county(district)scale,GEP exhibited a north-west-high and south-east-low pattern,showing spatial differences between per-unit-area GEP and county(district)GEP,while the spatial variations in per capita GEP and county(district)GEP were similar.(3)Differences in the spatial distribution of GEP were influenced by regional natural geographical and socioeconomic factors.Among these factors,gross domestic product,population density,and land-use degree density contributed significantly.Interactions among different driving forces noticeably impacted GEP spatial differentiation.These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating factors such as population density and the intensity of land-use development into ecosystem management decision-making processes in the upper reaches of the Chaobai River Basin.Future policies should be devised to regulate human activities,thereby ensuring the stability and enhancement of GEP.
基金The Projects of Shandong Social Science Planning(21CGLJ19)The Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(2020GN107).
文摘Gross ecosystem product(GEP) is the gross value of all ecosystem products and services provided by ecosystems for human society. In practice, GEP measures the ecosystems’ contributions to human well-being and constitutes one of the core issues in the construction of ecological civilization systems. Currently, GEP accounting faces a series of problems, such as the inconsistency of accounting subjects and a lack of accounting standards,the result of which is the non-reproducibility and weak applicability of accounting results. In this paper, mainstream models for ecosystem service valuation are summarized in a systematic manner. On this basis, eight basic principles are established for screening accounting indicators: biological productivity, human benefits, production territoriality, current increment, actual effectiveness, physical metrizability, data availability, and harmlessness. Next, a series of ecosystem service subjects are identified that need to be excluded from accounting, and the detailed reasons for their exclusion are presented. Finally, three ideas for improving GEP accounting are offered from the perspectives of the relationship between biological production and human production, the circulation-transport relationship and spatial differences, and harms to the ecosystem carrying capacity. The purpose is to provide positive considerations aimed at promoting the socio-economic applications of accounting and to contribute to the scientific quantification of the values of ecological products.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41401412,91125004)the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of CAREERI,CAS(No.51Y451271)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,CAS(No.KLDD-2014-007)
文摘Grasslands and agro-ecosystems occupy one-third of the global terrestrial area. However, great uncertainty still exists about their contributions to the global carbon cycle. This study used various combinations of a simple ecosystem respiration model and a photosynthesis model to simulate the influence of different climate factors, specifically radiation, temperature, and moisture, on the ecosystem carbon exchange at two dissimilar study sites. Using a typical alpine meadow site in a cold region and a typical cropland site in an arid region as cases, we investigated the response char- acteristics of productivity of grasslands and croplands to different environmental factors, and analyzed the seasonal change patterns of different model parameters. Parameter estimations and uncertainty analyses were performed based on a Bayesian approach. Our results indicated that： （1） the net ecosystem exchange （NEE） of alpine meadow and seeded maize during the growing season presented obvious diurnal and seasonal variation patterns. On the whole, the alpine meadow and seeded maize ecosystems were both apparent sinks for atmospheric CO2; （2） in the daytime, the mean NEE of the two ecosystems had the largest values in July and the lowest values in October. However, overall carbon uptake in the cropland was greater than in the alpine meadow from June to September; （3） at the alpine meadow site, temperature was the main limiting factor influencing the ecosystem carbon exchange variations during the growing season, while the sensitivity to water limitation was relatively small since there is abundant of rainfall in this region; （4） at the cropland site, both temperature and moisture were the most important limiting factors for the variations of ecosystem carbon exchanges during the growing season; and （5） some parameters had an obvious characteristic of seasonal patterns, while others had only small seasonal variations.
