Ground hydraulic fracturing plays a crucial role in controlling the far-field hard roof,making it imperative to identify the most suitable target stratum for effective control.Physical experiments are conducted based ...Ground hydraulic fracturing plays a crucial role in controlling the far-field hard roof,making it imperative to identify the most suitable target stratum for effective control.Physical experiments are conducted based on engineering properties to simulate the gradual collapse of the roof during longwall top coal caving(LTCC).A numerical model is established using the material point method(MPM)and the strain-softening damage constitutive model according to the structure of the physical model.Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the LTCC process under different hard roofs for ground hydraulic fracturing.The results show that ground hydraulic fracturing releases the energy and stress of the target stratum,resulting in a substantial lag in the fracturing of the overburden before collapse occurs in the hydraulic fracturing stratum.Ground hydraulic fracturing of a low hard roof reduces the lag effect of hydraulic fractures,dissipates the energy consumed by the fracture of the hard roof,and reduces the abutment stress.Therefore,it is advisable to prioritize the selection of the lower hard roof as the target stratum.展开更多
为了提高侵蚀沟立体建模与监测的精度,该文采用消费级无人机作为低空遥感平台,以黄土高原一典型切沟为研究对象,通过无人机采集的倾斜影像与部署的地面控制点,采用多视立体运动恢复结构方法(structure from motion with multi-view ster...为了提高侵蚀沟立体建模与监测的精度,该文采用消费级无人机作为低空遥感平台,以黄土高原一典型切沟为研究对象,通过无人机采集的倾斜影像与部署的地面控制点,采用多视立体运动恢复结构方法(structure from motion with multi-view stereo,Sf M-MVS)构建了高精度侵蚀沟表面模型,对其建模精度与数字高程模型、正射影像等成果进行分析,并与传统正射航图建模成果进行了比较。结果表明:构建的侵蚀沟稠密点云模型的水平均方根误差约为0.096 m,高程均方根误差约为0.018 m,满足1:500比例尺数字线划图与正射影像图的要求。与正射航图建模成果相比,高程误差减小了50%;侵蚀沟稠密点云的整体密度与地面激光雷达相当,且避免了后者多站拼接造成的密度不均问题。除了沟头部分的小块内凹区域,沟壁、沟头部分没有明显的空洞,植被覆盖的区域也能够正常建模。而正射航图的建模成果中在沟头内凹部分以及植被覆盖部分存在大块的空洞;由侵蚀沟的数字高程模型与等高线图可见,构建的侵蚀沟模型能够准确地反映切沟的形态特征。总体而言,该方法在侵蚀沟的高精度建模与监测方面具有显著优势,具有推广应用的潜力。展开更多
The purpose is to explore the effect of the spatial distribution of ground control points （GCPs） on the accuracy of imagery rectification. Both area-distributed and linearly distributed GCPs were used to rectify a L...The purpose is to explore the effect of the spatial distribution of ground control points （GCPs） on the accuracy of imagery rectification. Both area-distributed and linearly distributed GCPs were used to rectify a Landsat TM image of a coastal zone. Rectification accuracy was checked against 99 independent points over the intertidal mudflats with no ground control. Results indicate that the root-mean-square error of residuals over these areas is several times larger than its GCPs-measured counterpart. If the GCPs are spatially dispersed over an area, residuals fluctuate but increase steadily with distance to the source of control in easting （R^2= 0. 827）. in northing they fluctuate around 150 m until 15 km, beyond which they rise steadily at a small range of fluctuation. These residuals are less predictable from distance to the source of control than in easting （R^2= 0.517 ）. If the GCPs are distributed along a control line, residuals rise with distance to it linearly and predictably （R^2 = 0. 877） in the direction perpendicular to it. In a direction parallel to it, the distance has little impact on rectification residuals.展开更多
The scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)ability to automatic control points(CPs)extraction is very well known on remote sensing images,however,its result inaccurate and sometimes has incorrect matching from generat...The scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)ability to automatic control points(CPs)extraction is very well known on remote sensing images,however,its result inaccurate and sometimes has incorrect matching from generating a small number of false CPs pairs,their matching has high false alarm.This paper presents a method containing a modification to improve the performance of the SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference(SAD)in different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite(NEqO)and multi-sensor images.The proposed method leads to improving CPs matching with a significantly higher rate of correct matches.The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite covering the Kuala Lumpur-Pekan area.The proposed method consists of three parts:(1)applying the SIFT to extract CPs automatically,(2)refining CPs matching by SAD algorithm with empirical threshold,and(3)evaluating the refined CPs scenario by comparing the result of the original SIFT with that of the proposed method.The result indicates an accurate and precise performance of the model,which showed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.展开更多
鉴于利用无人机影像数据进行高精度测绘及地表三维信息提取时,从具有定位定向信息、数据规模大、影像分布密集等特点的数据集中检索包含地面控制点(ground control point,GCP)的目标影像存在检索速度较慢的问题,提出了基于GCP的影像检...鉴于利用无人机影像数据进行高精度测绘及地表三维信息提取时,从具有定位定向信息、数据规模大、影像分布密集等特点的数据集中检索包含地面控制点(ground control point,GCP)的目标影像存在检索速度较慢的问题,提出了基于GCP的影像检索方法。首先,对无人机影像点集构建最小外包矩形与基准坐标系;其次,利用GCP数据构建合适大小的索引矩形(ground control point rectangle,GCP-Rec);最后,依据GCP-Rec对影像数据批量建立索引,最终生成树形索引。效率对比实验表明,该方法能快速完成大规模无人机影像的空间索引构建,提升影像检索效率,且其检索性能优于传统的R树与四叉树等空间索引。影响因素对照实验表明,影像检索效率与GCP数量成反比关系,设定GCP-Rec边长为2.0~2.4倍航带间距时检索精度最优。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974042)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3009005).
文摘Ground hydraulic fracturing plays a crucial role in controlling the far-field hard roof,making it imperative to identify the most suitable target stratum for effective control.Physical experiments are conducted based on engineering properties to simulate the gradual collapse of the roof during longwall top coal caving(LTCC).A numerical model is established using the material point method(MPM)and the strain-softening damage constitutive model according to the structure of the physical model.Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the LTCC process under different hard roofs for ground hydraulic fracturing.The results show that ground hydraulic fracturing releases the energy and stress of the target stratum,resulting in a substantial lag in the fracturing of the overburden before collapse occurs in the hydraulic fracturing stratum.Ground hydraulic fracturing of a low hard roof reduces the lag effect of hydraulic fractures,dissipates the energy consumed by the fracture of the hard roof,and reduces the abutment stress.Therefore,it is advisable to prioritize the selection of the lower hard roof as the target stratum.
文摘为了提高侵蚀沟立体建模与监测的精度,该文采用消费级无人机作为低空遥感平台,以黄土高原一典型切沟为研究对象,通过无人机采集的倾斜影像与部署的地面控制点,采用多视立体运动恢复结构方法(structure from motion with multi-view stereo,Sf M-MVS)构建了高精度侵蚀沟表面模型,对其建模精度与数字高程模型、正射影像等成果进行分析,并与传统正射航图建模成果进行了比较。结果表明:构建的侵蚀沟稠密点云模型的水平均方根误差约为0.096 m,高程均方根误差约为0.018 m,满足1:500比例尺数字线划图与正射影像图的要求。与正射航图建模成果相比,高程误差减小了50%;侵蚀沟稠密点云的整体密度与地面激光雷达相当,且避免了后者多站拼接造成的密度不均问题。除了沟头部分的小块内凹区域,沟壁、沟头部分没有明显的空洞,植被覆盖的区域也能够正常建模。而正射航图的建模成果中在沟头内凹部分以及植被覆盖部分存在大块的空洞;由侵蚀沟的数字高程模型与等高线图可见,构建的侵蚀沟模型能够准确地反映切沟的形态特征。总体而言,该方法在侵蚀沟的高精度建模与监测方面具有显著优势,具有推广应用的潜力。
基金financially supported by a grant from the joint key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract(No.50339010)the National"211"Key Project of China.
文摘The purpose is to explore the effect of the spatial distribution of ground control points （GCPs） on the accuracy of imagery rectification. Both area-distributed and linearly distributed GCPs were used to rectify a Landsat TM image of a coastal zone. Rectification accuracy was checked against 99 independent points over the intertidal mudflats with no ground control. Results indicate that the root-mean-square error of residuals over these areas is several times larger than its GCPs-measured counterpart. If the GCPs are spatially dispersed over an area, residuals fluctuate but increase steadily with distance to the source of control in easting （R^2= 0. 827）. in northing they fluctuate around 150 m until 15 km, beyond which they rise steadily at a small range of fluctuation. These residuals are less predictable from distance to the source of control than in easting （R^2= 0.517 ）. If the GCPs are distributed along a control line, residuals rise with distance to it linearly and predictably （R^2 = 0. 877） in the direction perpendicular to it. In a direction parallel to it, the distance has little impact on rectification residuals.
文摘The scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)ability to automatic control points(CPs)extraction is very well known on remote sensing images,however,its result inaccurate and sometimes has incorrect matching from generating a small number of false CPs pairs,their matching has high false alarm.This paper presents a method containing a modification to improve the performance of the SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference(SAD)in different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite(NEqO)and multi-sensor images.The proposed method leads to improving CPs matching with a significantly higher rate of correct matches.The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite covering the Kuala Lumpur-Pekan area.The proposed method consists of three parts:(1)applying the SIFT to extract CPs automatically,(2)refining CPs matching by SAD algorithm with empirical threshold,and(3)evaluating the refined CPs scenario by comparing the result of the original SIFT with that of the proposed method.The result indicates an accurate and precise performance of the model,which showed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
文摘鉴于利用无人机影像数据进行高精度测绘及地表三维信息提取时,从具有定位定向信息、数据规模大、影像分布密集等特点的数据集中检索包含地面控制点(ground control point,GCP)的目标影像存在检索速度较慢的问题,提出了基于GCP的影像检索方法。首先,对无人机影像点集构建最小外包矩形与基准坐标系;其次,利用GCP数据构建合适大小的索引矩形(ground control point rectangle,GCP-Rec);最后,依据GCP-Rec对影像数据批量建立索引,最终生成树形索引。效率对比实验表明,该方法能快速完成大规模无人机影像的空间索引构建,提升影像检索效率,且其检索性能优于传统的R树与四叉树等空间索引。影响因素对照实验表明,影像检索效率与GCP数量成反比关系,设定GCP-Rec边长为2.0~2.4倍航带间距时检索精度最优。
