An Academic Summary of the International Seminar Series on “Protection of the Rights of Specific Groups in Pandemic Prevention and Control”

The international semiinar on"Protection of the Rights of Specific Groups in Pandemic Prevention and Control",organized by the Institute of Human Rights,Wuhan University,under the guidance of the China Society for Human Rights Studies,was held online on May 23,2020.Nearly 50 scholars and practitioners from domestic and foreign universities and research institutions conducted discussions and exchanges focusing on a series of topics including"Leave No One Behind:To Guarantee Specific Groups’Access to Public Service under the Pandemic","Justice for All:Prevention and Relief of Discrimination against Specific Groups",etc.

Second Group of National Human Rights Education and Training Bases Established

The Ministry of Education and the State Council Information Office on July 22 announced the second group of national human rights education and training bases, in- cluding the Human Rights Research Center at Renmin University of China, the Human Rights Research Center at Fudan University, the Human Rights Research Academy at Wuhan University, the Human Rights Research Center at Shandong University and the Human Rights Education and Research Center at the Southwest University of Politica~ Science arid Law.

Constitutional Values of Protecting Human Rights of Disadvantaged Groups

The confrontation between the disadvantaged and advantaged groups is eternal throughout the competition for survival. But the human spiritual world has its humane aspect in addition to competition. The concern for and protection of the disadvantaged group is the moral law characteristic of humanity, just as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says in its Article 1： ＂All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

The Development of Human Rights Protection in Cross-border Personality Rights and Tort Conflict Laws

Personality rights are basic rights related to human dignity in the concept of human rights protection,and respect for personality rights is the basic prerequisite for safeguarding other human rights.Human rights protection exerts a profound impact on the value of legislation and enforcement practices of private international laws in the field of cross-border personality rights infringement in various countries,which is mainly manifested in the integration of substantive justice and the humanistic care concept of protecting the rights of vulnerable groups into formal justice,and expands the development space of human rights protection ideas in cross-border personality rights and tort conflict laws.the diversity of human rights protection values determines that cross-border personality rights infringement may lead to conflicts between personality rights and other basic rights,such as freedom of speech.to reconcile such conflicts,a workable method is to prioritize personality rights protection in accordance with the hierarchy of rights theory in the value judgment of public order reservation or to clarify the limits of the right holder’s tolerance obligation through the limited application of the principle of proportionality.China’s current cross-border personality rights and tort conflict law can optimize the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups by diversifying the options of available legal methods,and establish a balancing mechanism between personality rights and freedom of speech,so as to improve China’s legal protection system for human rights in the field of foreign-related civil and commercial affairs.

Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

Photo-activated microtubule targeting drugs: Advancing therapies for colorectal cancer

Over the years immunotherapy has demonstrably improved the field of cancer treatment.However,achieving long-term survival for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients remains a significant unmet need.Combination immunotherapies incor-porating targeted drugs like MEK or multi-kinase inhibitors have offered some palliative benefit.Nevertheless,substantial gaps remain in the current therapeutic armamentarium for CRC.In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in exploring novel treatment strategies,including the application of light-activated drugs in conjunction with optical devices.This approach holds promise for achie-ving localized and targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents,such as microtubule-targeting drugs,directly to cancerous cells within the colon.

Human Rights Protection under the New Normal State of Economy

The new normal state of economy is not only the overall trend of China's current economic development stage, but also the strategic choice of China for the future economic development, the anticipation for the economic development and its outcome under the new strategy. It is of great strategic significance for the long-term development of China's human rights as a whole, yet it makes a short-term challenge to the realization of the rights of vulnerable groups. Under the new normal state of economy, it should be targeted to strengthen the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, which is very important not only for the overall development of China's human rights causes, but also for China to cross over 'the middle-income trap' and to achieve sustainable development of economy.

Can we suppress excessive post-surgical scar formation:A case report

BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars(HSs)formation is a complication that occurs after wounds heal with secondary intention and sometimes after clean surgical incisions.Many treatments are in vogue now with varying successes.Although the mechanism or mechanisms that cause a HS to form are not clearly understood,one thing that is clear is that once scar tissue matures,any intervention will not be successful.In this paper,we report on a case where a patient who was known to develop HS was treated with a new combination of ingredients(Phyto-chemicals+Silicone JUMI)to suppress HS formation.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old female of African descent presented a severe HS post total knee replacement(TKR),which the patient describes as itchy and painful.Due to complications caused by the scar,she was apprehensive about undergoing TKR on her other knee.However,after the TKR of the contralateral side post-removal of skin clips,JUMI anti-scar cream(JASC)was used to suppress excessive scar formation.CONCLUSION JASC appears potent and efficacious at suppressing excessive scar formation.We believe that this warrants further studies on larger patient groups and on different surgical sites.

Two-stage revision in periprosthetic knee joint infections

Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)following total knee arthroplasty is one of the most catastrophic and costly complications that carries significant patient wellness as well as economic burdens.The road to efficiently diagnosing and treating PJI is challenging,as there is still no gold standard method to reach the diagnosis as early as desired.There are also international controversies with respect to the best approach to manage PJI cases.In this review,we highlight recent advances in managing PJI following knee arthroplasty surgery and discuss in depth the two-stage revision method.

Unusual breast metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract.The most common sites of metastases are the liver and the peritoneum,whereas breast metastases from GIST are extremely rare.We present a second case of GIST breast metastasis.CASE SUMMARY We found a case of breast metastasis from rectum GIST.A 55-year-old female patient presented with rectum tumor with multiply liver lesions and metastasis in the right breast.Abdominal-perineal extirpation of rectum was performed,histology and immunohistochemistry study showed GIST,mixed type with CD117 and DOG-1 positive staining.The patient was taking imatinib 400 mg for 22 mo with stable disease.Because of growth of the breast metastasis the treatment was changed twice:The dose of imatinib was doubled with further progression in the breast lesion and then the patient was receiving sunitinib for 26 mo with partial response in the right breast and stable disease in the liver lesions.The breast lesion increased and right breast resection was done–surgery on local progression,the liver metastases were stable.Histology and immunohistochemistry studies revealed GIST metastasis,CD 117 and DOG 1 positive with KIT exon 11 mutation.After surgery the patient resumed imatinib.Until now the patient has been taking imatinib 400 mg for 19 mo without progression,last follow up was in November 2022.CONCLUSION GISTs breast metastases are extremely rare,we described the second case.At the same time second primary tumors have been reported frequently in patients diagnosed with GISTs and breast cancer is one of the most common second primary tumors in patients with GISTs.That is why it is very important to distinguish primary from metastatic breast lesions.Surgery on local progression made it possible to resume less toxic treatment.

Inflammatory pseudotumors in the liver associated with influenza:A case report

BACKGROUND Inflammatory pseudotumor(IPT)is a rare and benign lesion that mimics malignancy and can develop in any part of the body.The pathophysiology and etiology of these quasineoplastic lesions remain unclear.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented with fevers,night sweats,and unintentional weight loss following an influenza infection and was found to have multiple hepatic IPT’s following an extensive work up.CONCLUSION Our case highlights the importance of considering hepatic IPT’s in the differential in a patient who presents with symptoms and imaging findings mimicking malignancy shortly following a viral infection.

Prenatal radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies:A scoping review

BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical syndromes.Diagnosis has tradi-tionally comprised of conventional radiography and prenatal imaging studies.There has been much advancement regarding prenatal imaging modalities to allow for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AIM To summarize the current state of knowledge on congenital transverse limb deficiencies and to provide an update regarding the radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies.METHODS This IRB-exempt scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping reviews strictly.Five search engines were searched for a total of 265 publications.Four authors reviewed these during the screening process.Of these,51 studies were included in our article.Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D Ultrasound,and multidetector Computed tomography(CT)exist are emerging modalities that have the potential to improve diagnosis.RESULTS Use of the appropriate classification system,three-dimensional ultrasonography with a maximum intensity projection,and appropriate use of prenatal MRI and prenatal CT can improve diagnosis and inter-provider communication.CONCLUSION Further scholarly efforts are required to develop improve standardized guidelines regarding the pre-natal radiographic evaluation of congenital limb deficiencies.

Melatonin’s actions are not limited to sleep

Melatonin is widely available as a supplement,usually for sleep disorders.The consumption of melatonin supplements has increased considerably in recent years.An overlooked aspect of melatonin’s administration is the resulting increase in prolactin secretion,via its action on hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons.We believe that since the effect of melatonin on prolactin is tangible,the laboratory finding of hyperprolactinemia could be encountered more often,given the increase in melatonin’s use.This is an issue that merits further study.

Spilled gallstone mimicking metastasis from cervix cancer on positron emission tomography–computed tomography

BACKGROUND Spilled gallstones from previous cholecystectomy is not an uncommon situation.It may further mimic neoplastic disease and can be misled by fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography with computed tomography([18F]FDG PET/CT).CASE SUMMARY A 63 year-old patient was diagnosed with a cancer of the cervix.Pretreatment[18F]FDG PET/CT showed a peritoneal lesion suspicious for metastasis.Surgical exploration and histologic examination revealed the lesion to be a spilled gallstone from a previous cholecystectomy.CONCLUSION[18F]FDG PET/CT carries pitfalls since benign conditions such as intraperitoneal gallstones may be confused as malignant lesions.This case highlights the importance to be aware of the possible implications of dropped gallstones for the future,minimize its occurrence,and make all efforts to properly evaluate cancer staging,particularly for the cervix cancer.

Top 50 most cited articles on prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia:A bibliometric review

BACKGROUND Bibliometric analysis can be used to assess the current state of the literature and publication trends on a given topic.There has not been a review of this kind on prostatic artery embolization(PAE)for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).PAE is a relatively new and somewhat controversial treatment option for BPH.Given the novelty and controversy,there has been much research published on the topic recently.AIM To survey the current state of research on PAE for BPH by using bibliometric analysis to analyze the top 50 most highly cited articles.METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using the Web of Science database to identify the most cited articles published on PAE for BPH as of June 2022.Articles that did not primarily focus on PAE or BPH as an indication were eliminated.The 50 most cited articles were carried forward for analysis.RESULTS All but 6 articles were published in the last decade with contributions from 15 countries.Fifty-two percent of the studies had a C level of evidence.The majority were published in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology and Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology.Twenty percent(n=10)of the articles were published in urologic journals.On average,articles published in urologic journals tended to be more recent.The mean year of publication for an article in a urological journal was 2016.6 compared to 2013.9 in a non-urologic journal(P=0.02).Seventy percent of the articles focused on clinical outcomes,while only 2%focused on practice guidelines.Self-citations accounted for 11.4 citations perarticle on average,corresponding to 14.7%of all citations analyzed.CONCLUSION The most influential papers on this topic represent a fairly recent body of work with contributions from a wide variety of countries and journals.The fact that articles in urologic journals were published significantly more recently than articles on the list in non-urologic journals may suggest that the field of urology is starting to accept PAE for a wider range of indications.Finally,while there has been much high-quality research published,more influential studies on practice guidelines and technique may be beneficial.

Advantageous tactics with certain probiotics for the treatment of graft-versus-host-disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)becomes a standard form of cellular therapy for patients with malignant diseases.HSCT is the first-choice of immunotherapy,although HSCT can be associated with many complications such as graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic HSCT.It has been shown that certain gut microbiota could exert protective and/or regenerative immunomodulatory effects by the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate in the experimental models of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Loss of gut commensal bacteria which can produce SCFAs may worsen dysbiosis,increasing the risk of GVHD.Expression of G-protein coupled receptors such as GPR41 seems to be upre-gulated in the presence of commensal bacteria,which might be associated with the biology of regulatory T cells(Tregs).Treg cells are a suppressive subset of CD4 positive T lymphocytes implicated in the prevention of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Here,we discuss the current findings of the relationship between the modification of gut microbiota and the GVHD-related immunity,which suggested that tactics with certain probiotics for the beneficial symbiosis in gut-immune axis might lead to the elevation of safety in the allogeneic HSCT.

Bone remodeling in sigmoid sinus diverticulum after stenting for transverse sinus stenosis in pulsatile tinnitus: A case report

BACKGROUND Pulsatile tinnitus(PT)is a potentially disabling symptom that has received increasing attention.Multiple causes of PT have been confirmed by targeted treatment.However,dynamic changes of related structures in PT patients with multiple causes after stenting for ipsilateral transverse sinus stenosis(TSS)have not been previously reported.We report such a case and present postoperative computed tomography venography(CTV)follow-up findings to demonstrate the decreased sigmoid sinus diverticulum and bone remodeling.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old man suffered from left-sided PT for 15 years that was occasionally accompanied by headache and dizziness.Pre-operative CTV revealed left-sided sigmoid sinus wall anomalies(SSWAs),TSS,outflow dominance,large posterior condylar emissary vein,and an empty sella turcica.A cerebrospinal fluid pressure of 270 mmH2O was further detected.The sound disappeared immediately after stenting for ipsilateral TSS,with no recurrence during 2 years of follow-up.After the procedure,the patient underwent four consecutive CTV examinations.The diverticulum decreased 6 mo after the procedure with new bone remodeling.The density of the remodeled bone was further increased 1 year later,and a hardened edge was formed 2 years later.CONCLUSION PT associated with SSWAs,TSS,and idiopathic intracranial hypertension can be cured by stenting for TSS alone.And bone remodeling around SSWAs is a more significant finding.

Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen kinetics after adding pegylated-interferon to nucleos(t)ids analogues in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients under nucleos(t)ids analogues(NAs)rarely achieve hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss.AIM To evaluate if the addition of pegylated interferon(Peg-IFN)could decrease HBsAg and hepatitis B core-related antigen(HBcrAg)levels and increase HBsAg loss rate in patients under NAs therapy.METHODS Prospective,non-randomized,open-label trial evaluating the combination of Peg-IFN 180μg/week plus NAs during forty-eight weeks vs NAs in monotherapy.Hepatitis B e antigen-negative non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients of a tertiary hospital,under NAs therapy for at least 2 years and with undetectable viral load,were eligible.Patients with hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus or human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and liver transplanted patients were excluded.HBsAg and HBcrAg levels(log10 U/mL)were measured at baseline and during ninety-six weeks.HBsAg loss rate was evaluated in both groups.Adverse events were recorded in both groups.The kinetic of HBsAg for each treatment group was evaluated from baseline to weeks 24 and 48 by the slope of the HBsAg decline(log10 IU/mL/week)using a linear regression model.RESULTS Sixty-five patients were enrolled,61%receiving tenofovir and 33%entecavir.Thirty-six(55%)were included in Peg-IFN-NA group and 29(44%)in NA group.After matching by age and treatment duration,baseline HBsAg levels were comparable between groups(3.1 vs 3.2)(P=0.25).HBsAg levels at weeks 24,48 and 96 declined in Peg-IFN-NA group(-0.26,-0.40 and-0.44)and remained stable in NA group(-0.10,-0.10 and-0.10)(P<0.05).The slope of HBsAg decline in Peg-IFN-NA group(-0.02)was higher than in NA group(-0.00)(P=0.015).HBcrAg levels did not change.Eight(22%)patients discontinued Peg-IFN due to adverse events.The HBsAg loss was achieved in 3(8.3%)patients of the Peg-IFN-NA group and 0(0%)of the NA group.CONCLUSION The addition of Peg-IFN to NAs caused a greater and faster decrease of HBsAg levels compared to NA therapy.Side effects of Peg-IFN can limit its use in clinical practice.

Percutaneous transhepatic access for catheter ablation of a patient with heterotaxy syndrome complicated with atrial fibrillation:A case report

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common arrhythmias,and radiofrequency catheter ablation is the most effective treatment strategy.The inferior vena cava(IVC)is a common approach for radiofrequency ablation of AF.However,this approach may not be applied to some cases such as chronic venous occlusions,surgical ligation of the IVC,and heterotaxy syndrome(HS).CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man with HS suffered from severely symptomatic persistent AF for 9 years,and we successfully ablated by percutaneous transhepatic access.CONCLUSION In patients without femoral vein access,the use of the hepatic vein for pulmonary vein isolation is a viable alternative for invasive electrophysiology procedures.

Is a Human Right to Democracy Justifiable？

In this article, I examine the view that there is a human right to democracy, and consider why we should regard this issue as decisive in solving the problems of foreign interference in the protection of human rights. I also note that there has been almost no discussion about the holder of the human right to democracy, that is, who is to hold this right. After comparing John Rawls＇ argument against the human right to democracy and Thomas Christiano＇s argument for it and showing similarities and critical differences among their arguments, I insist that we ought to be sensitive when proclaiming that democracy--be it a minimally egalitarian democracy or a more exacting one--is a universal value. We have sufficient cause to consider carefully not only the political circumstances but also the political infrastructure of the country before we proceed to an even limited intervention in the name of the protection of a human right to democracy. If the human right to democracy is not just a right to vote, but a right to the whole process of establishment and enjoyment of democracy, it should be understood as a group right that pertains to a human population that legitimately claims political self-determination. Any human population that insists on the democratic self-determination of their political will is both able and entitled to establish and administer democratic institutions, regardless of the diversity of its ascribed or cultural characteristics. The establishment of such a group with a firm political identity should be considered as the political infrastructure to claim and exercise the human right to democracy.