Transformation power or development pressure:economic growth targets and urban carbon productivity

Maintaining moderate economic growth targets(EGTs)is the key for local governments to effectively implement the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals under the refreshed development pattern.Utilizing panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China's Mainland from 2010 to 2020,and employing methods such as intermediary and threshold models,this study empirically analyzes the internal mechanism of EGT’s impact on urban carbon productivity(UCP).Our findings demonstrate that:①The overall EGT during the analyzed period is not conducive to improving UCP.This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests.This effect is more pronounced in the central region and resource-based cities than in the east-west region and non resource-based cities.②EGT not only directly suppresses UCP but also exerts indirect negative impacts on UCP from three aspects:delaying the digital economy(DE),constraining financial expansion(FE),and hindering green technology innovation(GTI).This negative indirect effect is similar to or even surpasses the direct effect,suggesting that the internal relationship between EGT and“dual-carbon”goals should be re-evaluated from a new compound perspective.③EGT not only has a simple linear impact on UCP but also significantly exhibits a dynamic evolution pattern in inverted“U”shape.That is,as EGT continuously upgrades,a nonlinear impact on UCP emerges in the form of“promoting first,suppressing later”.This indicates that surpassing the“degree”limit for EGT will be detrimental to the improvement of UCP.This study broadens the scope of carbon productivity analysis by introducing a new perspective centered on EGT.The insights gleaned from this research offer valuable guidance for local governments to effectively manage economic growth expectations and promote the synchronized achievement of dual-carbon objectives.

Setting China’s Growth Target Based on the Potential Growth Rate

Different from other methodologies for the forecasting of China＇s economic growth rate, this paper forecast of future potential growth rates from the end of China＇s demographic dividends, and then identified it as a growth target. Official promulgation of non-binding targets will guide social expectation, assist in government policy-making, boost confidence in consumers, and provide guidance for producers and investors. Based on our estimation results, we suggest that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, a GDP growth target between 6. 5% and 7% would be appropriate.

Local Officials' Tactical Adjustment of Economic Growth Targets under China's Coordinated Regional Development Policy

This paper intends to examine Chinese local officials' behavior for economic growth after the central government's implementation of economic restructuring policy.Theoretically,this paper has demonstrated that when the central government credibly shifts its priority from overall national growth to regional economic restructuring,it will adopt an economic policy in favor of less developed region and local government officials will tactically adjust growth targets accordingly;when the restructuring policy has reached a wide enough coverage of benefit,officials of developed region will relatively lower growth targets for their respective jurisdictions.Empirically,this paper employs the growth targets laid out in the provincial Government Work Reports between 2001 and 2012 and the growth targets set in the five-year plans for the period between 1996 and 2015,and has discovered that changes of inter-provincial gaps are dominated by growth targets;after the central government has launched the program of regional economic restructuring on a full scale,developed provinces start to lower growth targets set for their respective jurisdictions.This paper's discoveries are robust and provide an explanation to the new tendency of China's economic growth in recent years,i.e.,economic growth of eastern region slows down,interprovincial gaps narrow and the central government has adopted the policy of coordinated regional development in favor of inland regions.

Growth Targets Still in Range

In Q3 of 2018, China＇s eco nomic growth slowed Io its weakest pace since Q1 of 2009, at 6.5 percent. This nat rowly fell short of the expected 6.6 percent, and is below the year on year figure of 6.7 per cent in the previous quarter.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling as therapeutic targets in gastric cancer

Fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFRs) regulate a variety of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to adult tissue homeostasis. FGFR signaling also plays significant roles in the proliferation, invasion, and survival of several types of tumor cells. FGFR-induced alterations, including gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, and mutations, have been shown to be associated with the tumor initiation and progression of gastric cancer, especially in diffuse-type cancers. Therefore, the FGFR signaling pathway might be one of the therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of FGFR signaling in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, proliferation, and chemoresistance. We also discuss the accumulating evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of using clinical therapeutic agents to inhibit FGFR signaling for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Effects of Dietary Soy Protein Concentrate on Growth, Digestive Enzymes Activities and Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway Regulation in Juvenile Soft-Shelled Turtle, <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>

Soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis is important aquatic species in China, and searching for alternatives protein resources to fish meal (FM)-based feeds in feed has become urgent and important for its sustainability development. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth, digestive enzymes and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway of juvenile P. sinensis (4.56 ± 0.09 g). SPC was applied to replace FM protein at 0%, 15%, 30% and 60% (designated as T0, T15, T30 and T60, respectively), and each diet was fed to triplicate groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance and feed utilization except of the turtles fed with T60 diet, of which showed poorer daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. The pepsin/trypsin and Na+-K+ ATP-ase activities decreased dramatically when SPC level increased, and lipase activities in liver and intestinal tract also showed decline tendency. However, amylase activities were unaffected. No significant differences were observed in TOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 genes mRNA expression level of TOR signaling pathway among the treatments. However, the relative phosphorylated level of these proteins decreased significantly when SPC level increased. The present study indicated that high SPC substitution level would suppress digestive enzymes and TOR signaling pathway proteins phosphorylated level and eventually result in growth reduction of P. sinensis.

Nuclear-targeted therapy of nerve growth factor conjugated with ^(125)I for human glioma U251 cells

The present study investigated the nuclear transportation phenomenon of ^125I-nerve growth factor （NGF） and the DNA-damaging changes to U251 cells using microautoradiography and single cell electrophoresis. The results showed that ^125I-NGF inhibited the survival of p53 mutant U251 human glioma cell/tumor and enhanced the therapeutic effectiveness of vincristine in in vivo and in vitro models. In vitro experiments showed ^125I-NGF was transported into the nucleus and damaged the DNA in U251 cells. Moreover, ^125I-NGF locked the U251 cells in the G2 phase. Further investigation showed that ^125I-NGF decreased cyclin B1 protein levels in a dose dependent manner, but the level of cyclin B1 mRNA expression remained unchanged. ^125I-NGF increased phosphorylated Chkl, Chk2 and Cdc25c protein levels in U251 cells, but did not influence p53 and p21 protein expression. Moreover, ^125I-NGF and vincristine exhibited synergistic effects on reducing cyclin B1 protein levels. These results indicate that ^125I-NGF can provide anti-tumor effects by activating the ATM and ATR pathways through DNA damage.

Dual Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibition and Multi Targeted Epigenetic Therapy (MTET)

Since the discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment of lung cancer harboring such actionable targets, many lives have been prolonged. To the same extent, same group of patients have failed to benefit from this category of drugs, in long run, either initially or during the course of treatments, simply due to either known or unknown mechanism of resistance which occurs very often in the first few months after initiation of therapy. The resistance is 100 percent expected, and no patient is reported to be a waiver of such pattern. With best practices of oncology, the average duration of response is expected to be below 12 months [1]. About half of the resistance is caused by mutation at T790M in EGFR target, which can be revealed by liquid biopsy [1] [2]. The most recent studies have revealed the significant role of epigenome in controlling this complicated resistance pattern. We have learned that Histone deacetylation, as opposed to promoter methylation, may contribute to the epigenetic silencing and to EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC [3] [4]. Here we present a case study with a model of combinational therapy that targets the EGFR molecule, (by small molecule inhibitor, Afatanib) with simultaneous epigenetic modification of the target, (by application of multitargeted epigenetic therapy (MTET) with significantly improved clinical results. We propose further trials are needed to support such hypothesis, which if proved, could significantly shift the current practices in management of this set of cases in lung adenocarcinomas.

Research Progress in Targeted Therapy for Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects the digestive system and is often linked to a poor prognosis. The absence of effective early screening methods results in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients at advanced or metastatic stages. While historically considered incurable, ongoing advancements in medical research have led to the integration of various treatment modalities as primary approaches for managing advanced endometrial cancer. These modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Notably, the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly enhanced the survival rates of individuals with EC. Immunotherapy has appeared as the predominant treatment for advanced esophageal cancer, while targeted therapy faces certain obstacles. Consequently, this review primarily focuses on the advancements in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer (EC), evaluating the effectiveness and safety of relevant medications, and aiming to provide guidance for the comprehensive management of EC based on current research findings.

TargetUnmaskingFluid在强化神经生长因子受体免疫组织化学反应中的应用

首次将ＴａｒｇｅｔＵｎｍａｓｋｉｎｇＦｌｕｉｄ（ＴＵＦ）应用在人体组织的陈旧石蜡切片上强化显示神经生长因子受体（ＮＧＦＲ）的免疫组织化学反应。结果显示：石蜡切片经ＴＵＦ及微波预处理后，ＮＧＦＲ免疫反应的阳性细胞数及免疫反应强度均明显提高，背景十分清晰。ＴＵＦ对增强和改善某些陈旧性抗原的免疫组织化学反应有十分可观的应用前景。

Liver cancer:Targeted future options

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has a poor prognosis an d systemic chemotherapies have disappointing results.The increasing knowledge of the molecular biolog y of HCC has resulted in novel targets,with the vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-related pathways being of special interest.New blood vessel formation(angiogenesis)is essential for the growth of solid tumors.Anti-angiogenic strategies have become an important therapeutic modality for solid tumors.Several agents targeting angiogenesis-related pathways have entered clinical trials or have been already approved for the treatment of solid tumors.These include monoclonal antibodies,receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs.HCC is a highly vascular tumor,and angiogenesis is be-lieved to play an important role in its development and progression.This review summarizes recent advances in the basic understanding of the role of angiogenesis in HCC as well as clinical trials with novel therapeutic approaches targeting angiogenesis and EGFR-related pathways.

Promise and challenges on the horizon of MET-targeted cancer therapeutics

MET(MNNG HOS transforming gene) is one of the receptor tyrosine kinases whose activities are frequently altered in human cancers, and it is a promising therapeutic target. MET is normally activated by its lone ligand, hepatocyte growth factor(HGF), eliciting its diverse biological activities that are crucial for development and physiology. Alteration of the HGF-MET axis results in inappropriate activation of a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways that contributes to hallmark cancer events including deregulated cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, invasion, andmetastasis. Aberrant MET activation results from autocrine or paracrine mechanisms due to overexpression of HGF and/or MET or from a ligand-independent mechanism caused by activating mutations or amplification of MET. The literature provides compelling evidence for the role of MET signaling in cancer development and progression. The finding that cancer cells often use MET activation to escape therapies targeting other pathways strengthens the argument for MET-targeted therapeutics. Diverse strategies have been explored to deactivate MET signaling, and compounds and biologics targeting the MET pathway are in clinical development. Despite promising results from various clinical trials, we are still waiting for true MET-targeted therapeutics in the clinic. This review will explore recent progress and hurdles in the pursuit of METtargeted cancer drugs and discuss the challenges in such development.

Targeted treatments for metastatic esophageal squamous cell cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma, one of the two major subtypes of esophageal carcinomas, constitutes the great majority of tumors in the upper and middle third of the organ. Declining in incidence in western countries, it continues to be a significant public health problem in the far east. Targeted treatments are novel therapies introduced in the clinical therapeutic armamentarium of oncology in the last 10-15 years. They represent a rational way of treating various cancers based on their molecular lesions. Although no such agent has been approved so far for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), several are in clinical trials and several others have displayed pre-clinical activity that would justify the efforts and risks of pursuing their clinical development in this disease. This paper discusses some of these targeted agents in more advanced development in metastatic ESCC, as well as some promising drugs with pre-clinical or initial clinical data in the disease.

基于改进FP-growth的海上群目标挖掘

海上目标状态呈现复杂多变的形势,须快速挖掘海上船舶的群组信息,以掌握海上目标态势。本文使用改进的FP-growth算法对海上船舶进行数据挖掘,使用基于时空分割的方法划分目标区域,挖掘频繁项集。首先清洗原始数据得到有效数据;其次使用线性插值方法处理船舶的轨迹方便后续计算;然后使用FP-growth算法,构建生成FP-tree;最后得到频繁项集,挖掘海上船舶群组信息。针对基于项集划分关联分析查找效率低的问题,本文使用基于Hash表拆分数据库和结点交换的方法挖掘频繁项集,在内存占用和时间消耗两方面比较算法的效率。使用AIS数据集进行验证,在给定的置信度和支持度下挖掘目标群组信息,验证改进算法的高效率。

Recent advances in the HER2 targeted therapy of gastric cancer

Recent advances in molecular targeted therapies, including targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2), had a major forward step in the therapy for gastric cancer patients. Application of HER2-targeted therapies, in particular trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancers, resulted in improvements in response rates, time to progression and overall survival. Nevertheless, as with breast cancer, many patients with gastric cancer develop resistance to trastuzumab. Several promising therapies are currently being developed in combination with chemotherapy to increase the efficacy and overcome the cancerresistance. Here we review the current overview of clinical application of agents targeting HER2 in gastric cancer. We also discuss the ongoing trials supporting the use of HER2-targeted agents combined with cytotoxic agents or other monoclonal antibodies.

经济增长目标调整促进了资本流动吗——基于企业跨地区投资的视角

地方政府“为增长而竞争”的发展模式是造成市场分割的重要因素,那么经济增长目标下调能否缓解这一局面、促进要素资源自由流通?为了回答这一问题,本文以上市公司在异地设立子公司的行为衡量资本要素的流动性,系统考察经济增长目标下调对企业跨地区投资的影响。研究发现,经济增长目标下调能够促进资本流动,表现为经济增长目标下调显著提升了辖区内上市公司设立异地子公司的比例;影响机制分析表明,经济增长目标下调提高了政府放权意愿,降低了市场分割程度,进而促进了企业跨地区投资;进一步的异质性分析揭示,在地区行政壁垒较低、行业竞争程度较高及民营企业样本中,经济增长目标下调对企业跨地区投资的促进作用更加明显。本文丰富了制度性政府行为影响资源配置的相关研究,为当前推进全国统一大市场建设提供了直接的政策思路。

Personalizing therapies for gastric cancer: Molecular mechanisms and novel targeted therapies

Globally,gastric cancer is the 4thmost frequently diagnosed cancer and the 2ndleading cause of death from cancer,with an estimated 990000 new cases and738000 deaths registered in 2008.In the advanced setting,standard chemotherapies protocols acquired an important role since last decades in prolong survival.Moreover,recent advances in molecular therapies provided a new interesting weapon to treat advanced gastric cancer through anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)therapies.Trastuzumab,an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody,was the first target drug in the metastatic setting that showed benefit in overall survival when in association with platinum-5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy.Further,HER2 overexpression analysis acquired a main role in predict response for trastuzumab in this field.Thus,we conducted a review that will discuss the main points concerning trastuzumab and HER2 in gastric cancer,providing a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms and novel trials involved.