A Rationalization of Sympathetic Nucleation-Ledgewise Growth Theory of Bainite Transformation in Fe-C Alloys

Based on the classic diffusion controlled nucleation and goth theory, the sympathatic nucleation- ledgewise growth mechanism of bainite was studied theoretically for low carbon Fe-C alloys. The rationality of the occurrence of sympathetic nucleation on the terraces of ledges compating with lateral ledge growth and other sites nucleation was demonstrated by the present work quantita- tively The calculations indicated that low reaction temperatures and high carbon concentrations may favor the sympathetic nucleation, thus accounting for the formation of multilayer structures of bainite.

The End of Western Economic Growth Theory

Economics is a science that studies how the economy grows,so the theory of economic growth is the most important theory of economics.In the real market economy society,people achieve the goal of economic growth through two kinds of economic activities:production and transaction.Then a correct economic growth theory must be one that can explain both production and transaction economic activities.Just like Newton’s law of universal gravitation in physics,it can explain the motion law of all objects.For a long time,we have been dominated by the western economic growth theory of western mainstream economics.It is not difficult to find that it has a fatal defect,which can only explain production economic activities but not transaction economic activities.So it can’t explain the Chinese economy,and it can’t explain the western economy.The new economic growth theory proposed in this paper makes up for the defects of western economic growth theory,and it is the terminator of western economic growth theory.This is a revolution of new economics to traditional western economics.

Discussion on the Hillert Theory of Normal Grain Growthwith a Modified Monte Carlo Simulation

On the basis of analyzing some limitations in the existing algorithm, a modified Monte Carlo methodwas proposed to simulate two-dimensional normal grain growth. With the modified method. the simulated time exponent of grain growth attained n=0.49±0.01, which is very close to the theoretical value of the steady graingrowth n=0.5, indicating the possibility to investigate the total process of normal grain growth. The relationbetween the Hillert and the von Neumann equations were studied and identified, the Hillert's basic equation hasbeen found to hold during the normal grain growth. The grain size distribution was found to van continuouslyand slowly with the simulated time in the total growth process, the lognormal and the Hillert functions may betwo types of the expression forms during its transition, and the later seemingly corresponds at the distribution ofthe steady stage were n≈0.50.

Modeling on monitoring the growth and rupture assessment of saccular aneurysms

The unpredictable rupture of saccular aneurysms especially of the intracerebral aneurysm is a knotty problem that always results in high mortality. Traditional diagnosis of medical images, which gives the aneurysm size and compares with a speculated critical size from clinical statistics, was demonstrated inadequate to forecasting rupture. Here, we propose a new detecting strategy that uses a dielectric elastomer （DE） capacitance sensor to monitor the growth of saccular aneurysms and deliver both the wall stress and geometric parameters, Based on the elastic growth theory together with the finite deformation analyses, the correlation between the real-time output capacitance of the DE sensor and the wall stress and/or geometry of an aneurysm is derived. Compared to clinic statistics and biomechanics simulations, the wall stress and geometric size may be used as combined indicators to assess the rupture risk of a saccular aneurysm, Numerical results show that an output relative capacitance of 30 indicates a high risk of rupture, Finally, the sensitivity and resolution of the DE sensor are proved adequately high for monitoring the growth state and evaluating the rupture risk of a saccular aneurysm.

The role of R&D and economic policy uncertainty in Sri Lanka’s economic growth

In this paper,we assess the role of investment in research and development(R&D)and economic policy uncertainty(EPU)in Sri Lanka’s economic growth experience.We do this by first determining which endogenous growth theories best explain the evolution of total factor productivity(TFP)in the country.Using historical time series data(1980–2018),we find that semi-endogenous growth theories best explain the evolution of TFP in Sri Lanka.This evidence suggests that R&D is critical to the country’s TFP expansion.We find that,through R&D,EPU has a crucial detrimental impact on TFP growth,although it is short-lived.Our findings are robust and have important implications for R&D investment and for moderating EPU.

Mode-Coupling Analysis of Parametric Decay Instability in Magnetized Plasmas

In this paper, derived from Maxwell and fluid equations of plasmas, unified nonlinear wave equations are used to describe the parametric decay instability （PDI） in magnetized plasmas, and in view of mode-coupling, we can obtain all the possible PDI channels. By solving the nonlinear equations with a mode-coupling method, we obtain the growth rate of the PDI, of which all of the three waves are ordinary mode （O-mode） or extraordinary mode （X-mode） wave. Under the dipole approximation, an explicit formula of the growth rate of the X-mode and the condition of the equilibrium density scale are obtained. According to the existence conditions of three X-mode waves, this kind of instability might exist in ECRH with the second harmonic X-mode wave.

TCM in Canada:Health Care and the Importance of Alternative Medicines that Complement Medical Practice

This article explores the introduction and growth of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)through the lens of Chinese immigration to Canada.It further explores how it has spread to other cultural groups in Canada.Several theories are described to explain why it has attracted attention by non-Chinese ethnicities:the interest in organic and nature-based approaches,the underfunding health care,lack of family doctors,expensive drugs from big pharmaceutical companies,and respect for Chinese cultural practices.The regulatory practice of TCM is described along with the organization,types of educational program and certification as well as a patient’s perspective of TCM treatment.

Pulling growth technique towards rare earth single crystals

Pulling growth technique serves as a popular method to grow congruent melting single crystals with multiscale sizes ranging from micrometers to centimeters.In order to obtain high quality single crystals,the crystal constituents would be arranged at the lattice sites by precisely controlling the crystal growth process.Growing interface is the position where the phase transition of crystal constituents occurs during pulling growth process.The precise control of energy at the growing interface becomes a key technique in pulling growth.In this work,we review some recent advances of pulling technique towards rare earth single crystal growth.In Czochralski pulling growth,the optimized growth parameters were designed for rare earth ions doped Y_3Al_5O_(12)and Ce:(Lu_(1-x)Y_x)_2Si O_5on the basis of anisotropic chemical bonding and isotropic mass transfer calculations at the growing interface.The fast growth of high quality rare earth single crystals is realized by controlling crystallization thermodynamics and kinetics in different size zones.On the other hand,the micro pulling down technique can be used for high throughput screening novel rare earth optical crystals.The growth interface control is realized by improving the crucible bottom and temperature field,which favors the growth of rare earth crystal fibers.The rare earth laser crystal fiber can serve as another kind of laser gain medium between conventional bulk single crystal and glass fiber.The future work on pulling technique might focus on the mass production of rare earth single crystals with extreme size and with the size near that of devices.

An Empirical Analysis on Diversity of Regional Economic Growth in Jiangsu Province of China

By using index β * and δ * ,this paper carries out an empirical analysis on diversity of regional economic growth in Jiangsu province. Firstly, the paper, from the point of view of economics, divides diversity theories of economic growth into three categories, i.e. the theory of convergence, the theory of divergence and the theory of constant differentials, and analyses them respectively. Secondly, the paper, using sectional and time series data, compares and studies regional economic growth among southern, middle and northern part of Jiangsu province. Finally, the paper analyses the empirical conclusions. The main conclusion is that the theory of convergence is suit to Jiangsu economic growth.

Precipitation kinetics of complex precipitate in multicomponent systems

A kinetic model based on the classical nucleation and growth theory has been proposed to predict the precipitation behavior of complex precipitate. The method for calculating absolute solution temperature, which is an important guidance for determining solution treatment temperature, is also proposed based on thermodynamic model. In the model, nucleation of the second phase is assumed to be controlled by the effective diffusion, which involves the bulk diffusion and dislocation pipe diffusion, and growth is controlled by the bulk diffusion of forming elements. The interfacial energy of complex precipitate is calculated by the linear interpolation method, and the effects of alloying elements on precipitation behavior are manifested using weighted means of their diffusivities and concentration. The predictions were compared with the experimental measurements, and a good agreement was obtained.

WET-GRANULATION RESEARCH WITH APPLICATION TO SCALE-UP

SummaryGranulation is a unit operation by which larger granules are produced from fine, powdery particles to improve appearance, flow properties and mixedness, reduce dustiness and, in general, produce engineered particles with superior attributes. Agglomeration in wet granulation is achieved by introducing a “binder” fluid onto a shearing mass of fine powders. This paper gives a general overview of the process with emphasis on a simplified granulation model based on a dimensionless parameter containing inertia and viscous dissipation energies between colliding particles: the so-called Stokes number. The model incorporates most common features of all granulation devices (mixers) used in the pharmaceutical industry.Also described in the paper is a computer simulation that captures the movement of flowing powder in an ideal mixer-granulator with constant shear rate. A fraction of the total number of particles is wet (covered by binder and therefore “sticky”) while the rest of the particles are dry. The numerical simulation depicts two distinct regimes of agglomeration found in a typical granulator: granule growth and subsequent breakup. During granule growth-simulations, final granule size and shape distributions are obtained by analyzing the size and shape of formed granules using a pattern-recognition technique. A second kind of simulation, also using rapid granular flow modeling, follows the rotation and deformation of an “agglomerate” held together by a liquid binder. Results from these simulations yield critical values of the Stokes number. Below the critical value, the agglomerates are stable and only rotate in response to shear while above the critical value they break into two or more pieces. At the critical value, they attain a steady elongated shape. Using values of the critical Stokes number, the model predicts the size of formed granules.The existence of the critical state in which granules attain a characteristic elongated shape is used to measure shear forces in a granulator by employing calibrated “test” particles of known strength. This knowledge is employed in granulation scale-up to determine a kinematic rule that conserves stresses in the small and the large-scale machines. It was found that conserving the magnitude of internal stresses in the moving powder yields granules with similar attributes in granulators of different size.