Temperature Dependence of Raman Scattering in 4H-SiC Films under Different Growth Conditions

The microRaman scattering of 4H-SiC films, fabricated by low pressure chemical vapor deposition under different growth conditions, is investigated at temperatures ranging from 80 K to 550K. The effects of growth conditions on E2 （TO）, E1 （TO） and A1 （LO） phonon mode frequencies are negligible. The temperature dependences of phonon linewidth and lifetime of E2 （TO） modes are analyzed in terms of an anharmonic damping effect induced by thermal and growth conditions. The results show that the lifetime of E2 （TO） mode increases when the quality of the sample improves. Unlike other phone modes, Raman shift of A1 （longitudinal optical plasma coupling （LOPC）） mode does not decrease monotonously when the temperature increases, but tends to blueshift at low temperatures and to redshift at relatively high temperatures. Theoretical analyses are given for the abnormal phenomena of A1 （LOPC） mode in 4H-SiC.

Quenching Estimates for Reaction-diffusion Equations with Nonstandard Growth Conditions

This paper deals with reaction-diffusion equations involving nonstandard growth conditions, subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The complete clas- sification is established for simultaneous and non-simultaneous quenching under suitable assumptions on initial data. Moreover, quenching sets and quenching rates are obtained.

Selection of the Bacteria Being Able to Degrade Kerosene and Study on the Growth Conditions of the Bacteria

[Objective] The study aimed at selecting the predominant strains being able to degrade kerosene and studying its best growth conditions. [Method] Choosing kerosene as the only carbon source, we selected and separated the predominant strains being able to degrade kerosene from the contaminated soil near petrochemical plants, and then optimized the grow conditions of the bacteria. [Result] The best conditions for the bacteria growth were determined as follows, that is, temperature was 30 ℃, pH=7, salinity was 2.5%, and the rotational speed of the thermostatic shake was 190 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation rate of kerosene by the bacteria cultured for three days reached 42.6%. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the restoration of polluted soil by kerosene.

A Property of Solutions for Elliptic Equation with Nonstandard Growth Conditions in Unbounded Domain

In this paper the author proves that the Phragmen Lindelof principle holds for solutions of elliptic equation (1) with nonstandard growth conditions.

ON THE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS WITH STRONGLY EIGEN-EXPONENT UNDER NATURAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

Let Ω be a bounded domain with smooth boundary Ω in R~n. We consider the following eigenvalue problem for systems of elliptic equations under the natural growth conditions

EXISTENCE OF NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EIGENVALUE PROBLEM ON R^n WITH NATURAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

In this paper, we get the existence result of the nontrivial weak solution (λ, u) of the following eigenvalue problem with natural growth conditions.

A PRIORI ESTIMATES TO THE MAXIMUM MODULUS OF GENERALIZED SOLUTIONS OF A CLASS OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH ANISOTROPIC GROWTH CONDITIONS

In this paper we give a priori estimates for the maximum modulus of generalizedsolulions of the quasilinear elliplic equations irith anisotropic growth condition.

Extinction of Weak Solutions for Nonlinear Parabolic Equations with Nonstandard Growth Conditions

This paper deals with the extinction of weak solutions of the initial and boundary value problem for ut = div（（｜u｜σ ＋ d0）｜ u｜^p（x）-2 u）. When the exponent belongs to different intervals, the solution has different singularity （vanishing in finite time）.

Optimal Growth Conditions of Microorganisms Isolated from the Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 and Their Effects on Painting Layers

The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6th and early 7th century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ceiling has murals of lotus and cloud patterns. This study assessed the optimal growth conditions of two fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella sp.) and four bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Cupriavidus campinensis, Streptomyces avidinii, Streptomyces cirratus) strains isolated from the Tomb No. 1, along with their effects on the painting layer. The two fungi showed optimal growth at 20°C - 30°C under both nutrient and non-nutrient conditions. These strains did not decompose or discolor the three pigments (cinnabar, hematite, oyster shell white);however, M. sp. showed slight decomposition of the media (starch paste, sea weed). The four bacterial strains showed the most active growth at 20°C - 25°C under nutrient conditions and did not grow under non-nutrient conditions. These bacteria commonly degraded animal glue and sea weed components. In addition, S. cirratus degraded starch. The genus Streptomyces discolored the pigment medium to brown and black, suggesting a possible risk of discoloration of the murals. The current environment in Tomb No. 1 was sufficient for microorganism growth, and the presence of strains such as soil bacteria and actinomycetes on the mural surface may damage the murals. The findings of this study could be helpful for preserving mural tombs against biological damage caused by microorganisms that are already present or may be present in the tombs in the future. These findings also provide guidelines for comprehensive conservation management.

The Existence of a Weak Solution of Inhomogeneous Quasilinear Elliptic Equation with Critical Growth Conditions

In this paper, we get the existence of a weak solution of the following inhomogeneous quasilinear elliptic equation with critical growth conditions: where N≥2, f（x,u）～|u|m-1eb|u|γat +∞, with γ=N/N-1, m≥1, b】0.

H lder Continuity of Weak Solutions for Parabolic Equations with Nonstandard Growth Conditions

In this paper, we investigate the interior regularity including the local boundedness and the interior HSlder continuity of weak solutions for parabolic equations of the p（x, t）-Laplacian type. We improve the Moser iteration technique and generalize the known results for the elliptic problem to the corresponding parabolic problem.

THE ELLIPTIC VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES WITH DOUBLE DEGENERATE AND GENERAL GROWTH CONDITIONS

A class of quasilinear elliptic variational inequalities with double degenerate is discussed in this paper. We extend the Keldys-Fichera boundary value problem and the first boundary problem of degenerate elliptic equation to the variationalinequalities. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of ocrresspending problem under nonstandard growth conditions.

Integrated sensor system for monitoring rice growth conditions based on unmanned ground vehicle system

Ground-based platform systems provide a good tool for monitoring and managing crop conditions in precision agriculture applications and have been widely used for monitoring crop conditions.To develop an unmanned ground vehicle system(UGVS)based multi-sensors and test the feasibility of this system for monitoring rice conditions,an UGVS was developed to collect real-time rice condition information including NDVI values,reflectance measurements and crop canopy temperature in this study.Major components of the integrated system are GreenSeeker R100 system,hyper-spectroradiometer and infrared temperature sensor.The leaf area index(LAI)was measured by the CGMD302 Spectrometer.The Independent Samples T-Test method and the one way ANOVA method were used to determine the best spectral indices and analyze the relationship between the vegetation indices and rice LAI.It was found that the two best spectral indices for estimating LAI were NDVI(860 nm and 750 nm)with the correlation coefficient(R^(2))at 0.745 and RVI(853 nm and 751 nm)with the R^(2)at 0.724.The results show the UGVS can support multi-source information acquisition and is useful for crop management and precision agriculture applications.

Biomass growth characteristics of 13-year-old Pinus densiflora S.et Z.in a post-fire plantation on different contour conditions in Samcheuk,Korea

We used preliminary data to estimate the growth volume of artificially reforested Pinus densiflora in a post-fire area on three different contour conditions. We compared the growth of P. densiflora on a south-facing slope(Ssth), north-facing slope(Snth) and ridge area(Ridge), using 7 trees selected from each stand aspect. The tree height, diameter and growth volume were measured and the dry weight of each plant part were compared and analyzed. The results revealed that the total dry weight was highest on Ssth(5992.3 g), followed by Snth(4833.2 g) and lowest on Ridge(3160.1 g). The height growth was highest on Snth(285.8 cm), followed by Ssth(274.5 cm) and lowest on Ridge(211.5 cm). The diameter growth was greatest on Ssth(7.37 cm), followed by Snth(7.10 cm) and lowest on Ridge(5.72 cm). The volume growth was highest on Ssth(4257.7 cm3), followed by Snth(3750.7 cm3) and lowest on Ridge(2093.7 cm3). Therefore, we should consider and include the concept of slope orientation together with differences in habitat environments in afforestation projects when creating artificial forests with P. densiflora. These study results can serve as important preliminary data for future establishment of artificial forest of P. densiflora in a post-fire plantation.

Cultural and luminescent Conditions of a Marine luminous Bacterium

Study of marine noctilucence in marine is important to fishery, environmental monitoring and military affairs. A luminous bacterial strain D2 was isolated from the marine sediment samples collected near Donghai Island in Zhanjiang, China. The primary cultural and luminescent conditions of luminous bacterium D2 which was identified as Vibrio sp. were determined in liquid culture. The results showed that pH 7.0, 35 ℃, with 2.0 % NaCI, were the best growth conditions, and pH5 - 6, 20℃, OD600 0.08, with 3.0 % NaCI, were the optimal luminescent conditions.

Effect of Growing Conditions of Rice Donor Plants on Anther Culture in Vitro

An experiment was conducted to find the effect of three types of donor plants growing conditions （growth chamber, open space ＋ growth chambers and open space） on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration and productive shoot regeneration from the anthers culture in vitro of four rice hybrid （1-2, 2-1, 7-1, 13-3） developed by Primorsky Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Five variants of N6 medium （N6-I, N6-2, N6-3, Mix-l, N6-4） were used as basal medium. Mean value of callus induction frequency on three types of conditions ranged from 5.68% to 9.44% and the difference was non-significantly. In general, callus derived from donor plants grown on condition of open space ＋ growth chambers showed significantly better performances for plant regeneration （0.23 green regenerants on anther and 3.77 green regenerants on callus） and productive shoot regeneration （0.06 productive regenerants on anther and 0.56 productive regenerants on callus）. Favourable conditions for donor plant growth in open space positively affect on callus induction and regenaration. It is possible to get assured results on many hybrids, but not the highest. In growth chamber, frequency of callus induction can be the maximal only on some samples, few hybrids are resulted in deficiency of callus induction.

OPTIMAL INTERIOR PARTIAL REGULARITY FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS UNDER THE NATURAL GROWTH CONDITION:THE METHOD OF A-HARMONIC APPROXIMATION

In this article, the authors consider the nonlinear elliptic systems under the natural growth condition. They use a new method introduced by Duzaar and Grotowski, for proving partial regularity for weak solutions, based on a generalization of the technique of harmonic approximation. And directly establish the optimal Holder exponent for the derivative of a weak solution.

Effects of Tenebrio molitor L.Powder on Growth of Beauveria bassiana

[ Objective] The study aimed to reseamh the effect of Tenebrio molitor powder on the growth of Beauveria bassiana. [ Method ] The larvae of T. molitorwas used as the additive to add in the PDA medium, preparing 7 concentrations including 4, 2, 1,0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.062 5 g/100 ml, the medium without adding any T. molitorlarva was set as control. The indexes such as the growth rate, spore germination rate, mycelium diameter, sporulaUon time, sporulatian quantity and POD activity of B. bassiana were determined. [ Result] Adding T. molitor larva to the PDA medium could increase the growth rate, spore germination rate, sporulation time, sporulatJon quantity and POD actJvity of B. bassiana, while had relatively small effect on spore size and mycelium diameter. The comprehensive evaluation screening showed that the medium with 4 g additive was the best for the growth of B. bassiana, different indexes all had obvious predominance. [ Conclusion] The study provided the basis for using T. molitor to culture B. baasianaa

Effects of meteorological factors on different grades of winter wheat growth in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

The sown area of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai（HHH） Plain accounts for over 65% of the total sown area of winter wheat in China. Thus, it is important to monitor the winter wheat growth condition and reveal the main factors that influence its dynamics. This study assessed the winter wheat growth condition based on remote sensing data, and investigated the correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth and major meteorological factors corresponding. First, winter wheat growth condition from sowing until maturity stage during 2011–2012 were assessed based on moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer（MODIS） normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） time-series dataset. Next, correlation analysis and geographical information system（GIS） spatial analysis methods were used to analyze the lag correlations between different grades of winter wheat growth in each phenophase and the meteorological factors that corresponded to the phenophases. The results showed that the winter wheat growth conditions varied over time and space in the study area. Irrespective of the grades of winter wheat growth, the correlation coefficients between the winter wheat growth condition and the cumulative precipitation were higher than zero lag（synchronous precipitation） and one lag（pre-phenophase precipitation） based on the average values of seven phenophases. This showed that the cumulative precipitation during the entire growing season had a greater effect on winter wheat growth than the synchronous precipitation and the pre-phenophase precipitation. The effects of temperature on winter wheat growth varied according to different grades of winter wheat growth based on the average values of seven phenophases. Winter wheat with a better-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with synchronous temperature, winter wheat with a normal growth condition had a stronger correlation with the cumulative temperature, and winter wheat with a worse-than-average growth condition had a stronger correlation with the pre-phenophase temperature. This study may facilitate a better understanding of the quantitative correlations between different grades of crop growth and meteorological factors, and the adjustment of field management measures to ensure a high crop yield.

Effects of Si δ-Doping Condition and Growth Interruption on Electrical Properties of InP-Based High Electron Mobility Transistor Structures

The InGaAs/InAIAs/InP high electron mobility transistor （HEM：F） structures with lattice-matched and pseudo- morphic channels are grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Effects of Si ^-doping condition and growth interruption on the electrical properties are investigated by changing the Si-cell temperature, doping time and growth process. It is found that the optimal Si ^-doping concentration （Nd） is about 5.0 x 1012 cm-2 and the use of growth interruption has a dramatic effect on the improvement of electrical properties. The material structure and crystal interface are analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and high resolution transmission elec- tron microscopy. An InGaAs/InAiAs/InP HEMT device with a gate length of lOOnm is fabricated. The device presents good pinch-off characteristics and the kink-effect of the device is trifling. In addition, the device exhibits fT = 249 GHa and fmax 〉 400 GHz.