Key indicators affecting maize stalk lodging resistance of different growth periods under different sowing dates

The accurate evaluation of maize stalk lodging resistance in different growth periods enables timely management of lodging risks and ensures stable and high maize yields.Here,we established five diferent sowing dates to create diferent conditions for maize growth.We evaluated the effects of the different growth conditions on lodging resistance by determining stalk morphology,moisture content,mechanical strength and dry matter,and the relationship between stalk breaking force and these indicators during the silking stage(R1),milk stage(R3),physiological maturity stage(R6),and 20 days after R6.Plant height at R1 positively affected stalk breaking force.At R3,the cofficient of ear height and the dry weight per unit length of basal internodes were key indicators of stalk lodging resistance.At R6,the key indicators were the coefficient of the center of gravity height and plant fresh weight.After R6,the key indicator was the coefficient of the center of gravity height.The crushing strength of the fourth internode correlated significanty and positively with the stalk breaking force from R1 to R6,which indicates that crushing strength is a reliable indicator of stalk mechanical strength.These results suggest that high stalk strength and low ear height beneft lodging resistance prior to R6.During and after R6,the cofficient of the center of gravity height and the mechanical strength of basal internodes can be used to evaluate plant lodging resistance and the appropriate time for harvesting in fields with a high lodging risk.

Stability of growth periods traits for soybean cultivars across multiple locations

The growth periods（GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8（R8） of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study, a 3-yr experimental study was undertaken in three geographical locations of China from 2008 to 2010, including the Northeast（40.66-45.85°N）, Huang-Huai（34.75-38.04°N） and southern（22.82-30.60°N） eco-regions with about 250 accessions in each region to clarify the classification of maturity group（MG） and identify the cultivars with stable GP to increase the knowledge about the GP distribution of soybean cultivars in China. GPs of soybean cultivars in different eco-regions were significant different with a gradual decrease from 115-125 d in the Northeast part to the 85-100 d in the southern part of China. The geographical location was the major factor for GP of cultivars from the Northeast, while the year of planting was the major factor affecting the stability of GPs in Huang-Huai summer and southern summer soybean. AMMI2（additive main effects and multiplicativeinteraction）-Biplot analysis showed that the GPs of soybean cultivars from the Northeast eco-region have a comparatively satisfactory environmental stability. Moreover, soybean cultivars with moderate GP/MG and stable environment adaptability in different eco-regions were identified based on the linear regression and AMMI analysis, which was important for the accurate classification of soybean MGs in future. Taken together, our results reflected the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and environmental stability of the Chinese soybean GP trait. Soybean cultivars with stable GP for various Chinese eco-regions would be beneficial for Chinese soybean genetic improvement, varietal introduction, exchange, and soybean breeding program for wide adaptability.

Analysis on Change Tendency of the Precipitation Resource during Growth Period of the Conventional Crops in Plain Area before Taihang Mountains

[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shijiazhuang meteorological station in recent 51 years, average rainfall dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops was obtained. Precipitation tendency dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains was analyzed by Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. [ Result] Seen from rainfall during growth pedods of the different crops, rainfall was the least during the growth period of winter wheat, followed by summer corn. Rainfall during growth peri- ods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato, rice and legumes was more. Under different guaranteed rates, precipitation change also had difference. Rainfall change during growth periods of the wheat and corn was bigger, and rainfall change during growth period of the rice was smaller. Change degree of the precipitation during growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree and legumes was equivalent, while precipitation change during growth period of the potato was the biggest. Seen from change tendency of the precipitation during growth periods of the different crops, precipitation in the growth period of winter wheat was increasing at a speed of 0.62 mm/a. However, precipitation in growth periods of the other crops had a decreasing tendency. Precipitation in the growth periods of summer corn and legumes decreased at the same speed which was 2.11 mm/a, while precipitation in growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato and rice decreased insignificantly. [ Con dusion] The study laid foundation for determination of the agricultural irrigation water and provided theoretical reference for regional agricultural water-saving.

The Variation Rule and Anomaly Features of the Available Precipitation in the Growth Period of Crops in the Middle and Southern Part of Ningxia

[ Objective] The aim was to study the available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during the growth period of crops in the mid- dle and southern part of Ningxia. [ Methed] Through Takahashi＇s evaporation equation, linear trend analysis, Mann -Kendall, Lepage, wavelet analysis, the characteristics of available precipitation and its abnormal characteristics during its growth period in Ningxia were analyzed based on monthly precipitation （March- September）, temperature, and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data in 9 observation stations from 1961 to 2010. E Result l In recent 50 years, the available precipitation during the growth period of crops in central drought area and south hilly area varied a lot, more in the south and less in the north. The available precipitation in these two areas was reducing and varied a lot in different ages. The available precipitation was less in the middle drought region after 1970s and in the southern hilly region after 1990s and the available precipitation in middle drought area changed significantly. The available precipitation in the two areas appeared in July, August, and September, above 76% of general growth period, while that in March, April and May was 14% lower than that in growth period. No abrupt changes in central drought area and south hilly area. There were the periods of 5 -7 a and 2 -3 a oscillations in the middle drought region, 2 -3 a and 10 -12 a oscillations in the southern hilly region. There were negative anomaly field at 500hPa height in high-precipitation years between the Baikal and the China＇s northwestern, and there were positive anomaly field in low-precipitation years. [ Cenclusion] The study provided reference for the reasonable utilization of available water resources in cen- tral and south Ningxia.

Digestive Rate of Dongtian F_1 Red Dear in Weaning Period and Growth Period

in this paper, 4N-HCLAIA method was adopted to conduct digestive tests in young female and male Dongtian F1 red deer (Cervus elaphus) of rearing seperatefy in growth period and mixed raising in weaning period in Harbin Specialty Research Institute. Results indicated that digestive rate of crude protein and crude fiber were 95.35% and 73.68% respectively when rational protein content was 26.8% in growth period. Digestive rate was not significantly different between female and male(P>0.05)i During weaning period, When rational crude protein content is 22.06%, digestive rate of crude protein and crude fiber were 93.05% and 63.96%, respectively. The tests suggest that higher rational protein can be effective in accelerating groWth of young Dongtian F1 red deer during growth period and weaning period(before 10 months old).

Effects of Growth Period on Quality and Tuber Traits of New Sweetpotato Cultivar Xuzishu 8

Xuzishu 8 is a new cultivated sweetpotato with high anthocyanidin content.The growth period affects its tuber traits and quality.In this study,the changes in sweetpotato shape,number of tubers per plant,rate of big and medium tubers,yield,anthocyanin content and starch content of Xuzishu 8 were investigated under 12 growth periods from 78 to 188 d.The results showed that various traits of Xuzishu 8 were significantly different between different growth periods.The rate of large and medium tubers,the fresh sweetpotato yield,the starch content and the anthocyanin yield increased gradually with the extension of the growth period.The length/width ratio of sweetpotato tubers,the rate of small tubers and the contents of reducing sugar and soluble sugar decreased with the prolongation of the growth period.The correlation analysis showed that the fresh sweetpotato yield was in significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the number of tubers per plant,rate of big and medium tubers,dry matter content,dry yield and starch content.The 148-day growth period treatment exhibited the highest number of tubers per plant,the highest fresh sweetpotato yield and anthocyanin yield reaching 3 927 and 4.25 kg/667 m^2,respectively,as well as the rate of large and medium tubers up to 90%.Therefore,the tubers had good marketability and eating quality.

Changes in Climatic Factors Influencing the Growth Period of Corn in Fengjie County

Under the background of global climate change,we analyze the change tendency of average temperature and amount of precipitation influencing the corn's growth period. The results show that from March to August,the monthly temperatures show an upward trend,but the rise is different in different months,and the maximum temperature rise is in May. Precipitation in different months has different trends. Climate change brings about favorable conditions at high altitudes in Fengjie,reduces production due to the temperature drop after the beginning of autumn,and increases the pressure on the corn supply.

Quantifying Multi-hazards and Impacts Over Different Growth Periods of Maize:A Study Based on Index Construction

Owing to the complexity and variability of global climate,the study of extreme events to ensure food security is particularly critical.The standardized precipitation requirement index(SPRI)and chilling injury index(I_(Ci))were introduced using data from agrometeorological stations on the Songliao Plain between 1981 and 2020 to identify the spatial and temporal variability of drought,waterlogging,and low-temperature cold damage during various maize growth periods.Compound drought and low-temperature cold damage events(CDLEs)and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage events(CWLEs)were then identified.To measure the intensity of compound events,the compound drought and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CDLMI),and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CWLMI)were constructed by fitting marginal distributions.Finally,the effects of extreme events of various intensities on maize output were examined.The findings demonstrate that:(1)There were significant differences in the temporal trends of the SPRI and ICiduring different maize growth periods.Drought predominated in the middle growth period(MP),waterlogging predominated in the early growth period(EP)and late growth period(LP),and both drought and waterlogging tended to increase in intensity and frequency.The frequency of low-temperature cold damage showed a decreasing trend in all periods.(2)The CDLMI and CWLMI can effectively determine the intensity of CDLEs and CWLEs in the study area;these CDLEs and CWLEs had higher intensity and frequency in the late growth period.(3)Compared to single events,maize relative meteorological yield had a more significant negative correlation with the CDLMI and CWLMI.

Recognition of cotton growth period for precise spraying based on convolution neural network

Dynamic acquisition of crop morphology is beneficial to real-time variable decision of precise spraying operations in fields.However,the existing spraying quantity regulation has high tolerance on the statistical characteristics of regional morphology,so expensive LiDAR and ultrasonic radar can’t make full use of their high accuracy,and can reduce decision speed because of too much detail of branches and leaves.Therefore,designing a novel recognition system embedded machine learning with low-cost monocular vision is more feasible,especially in China,where the agricultural implements are medium sizes and cost-sensitive.In addition,we found that the growth period of crops is an important reference index for guiding spraying.So,taking cotton as a case study,a cotton morphology acquisition by a single camera is established,and a cotton growth period recognition algorithm based on Convolution Neural Network(CNN)is proposed in this paper.Through the optimization process based on confusion matrix and recognition efficiency,an optimized CNN model structure is determined from 9 different model structures,and its reliability was verified by changing training sets and test sets many times based on the idea of kfold test.The accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score and recognition speed of this CNN model are 93.27%,95.39%,94.31%,94.76%and 71.46 ms per image,respectively.In addition,compared with the performance of VGG16 and AlexNet,the convolution neural network model proposed in this paper has better performance.Finally,in order to verify the reliability of the designed recognition system and the feasibility of the spray decision-making algorithm based on CNN,spraying deposition experiments were carried out with 3 different growthperiods of cotton.The experiments’results validate that after the optimal spray parameters were applied at different growth periods respectively,the average optimum index in 3 growth periods was 42.29%,which was increased up to 62.24%than the operations without distinguishing growth periods.

Effects of salinity fluctuation in different ranges on the intermolt period and growth of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation on the intermolt period and growth of Fenneropenaeus chi- nensis with an initial body weight of (0.553 2±0.000 1)g (mean plus or minus SE). The salinity (S0) of the control treatment is 30 throughout the experiment, while the treatments S2, S4, S7 and S10 are subjected to different salinity fluctuations, and the ranges are 2, 4, 7 and 10, respectively. After a 30-day feeding trial, the longest and the shortest intermolt periods of the shrimp occur under Treatments S10 and S2, respectively (difference 37.14%). The special growth rates (SGR) of the shrimp under the five treatments are ranked as S7> S4> S2> S10> S0, and the SGR of the shrimp under Treatment S0 is lower than that under Treatments S4 and S7 by 22.36% and 28.11%, respectively (P< 0.05). The minimal feed intake (FI) of the experimental animals occurs in Treatment S0 (84.04% and 88.54% of that under Treatments S4 and S7, respectively) (P< 0.05). There are no significant differences in the food conversion efficiency (FCE) of the shrimp under the five treatments (P> 0.05).

Feeding Behavior, Body Weight and Growth Rate during Post-Deprivation Period in Rats

Deprivation is an environmental experience that organisms are continually exposed to. However, few studies analyze deprivation effects on the consumption pattern during the post-deprivation period systematically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the deprivation effect on feeding pattern, growth rate and body weight during post-deprivation. Sixteen albino rats (3 months old at the beginning of the experiment) were exposed to 72-hour total food deprivation every 15 days. Food and water were freely available during non-deprivation periods. Rats completed three cycles comprised by a free access period followed by food deprivation. Once deprivation was removed, food and water consumption increased and then decreased, while body weight was recovered. Growth rate increased after every deprivation period and reached similar levels to those presented by the control group. Depriving rats from one commodity (i.e., food) cause them to restrain their consumption of the other freely available commodity (i.e., water). Results confirm that food deprivation modifies growth rate, water and food consumption. Additionally, during post-deprivation period, differences between males and females were not registered.

Empirical Research on the Factors of Chinese City Growth in the Transitional Period

Based on the definition of the concept of city growth, the paper mainly discussed the factors which impact the growth of Chinese cities in the transitional period by selecting the proportion of city construction land area to the area of the city X1(%), green coverage ratio of the built up area X2(%), the ratio of personnel involved in the secondary industry X3(%), the GDP per capita X4(×104)and other 43 indicators, by relying on the relevant data from China Urban Statistical Yearbook(2008), applying SPSS statistical software and by applying the Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis. The results show that the factors which affect the city growth have four major groups, namely economic and institutional factors, location factors, environmental factors and social cultural services and functions. Among the factors which affect Chinese city growth, the general budgetary expenditures and the general budgetary revenues of local public finance are the most important factors. The general budgetary expenditures of local finance, the general budgetary revenues, the lands of urban construction and other 12 factors obtained by gradually excluding method can be used to present the coefficient of city growth.

Existence and Uniqueness of Almost Periodic Solution for a Mathematical Model of Tumor Growth

This article is concerned with a mathematical model of tumor growth governed by 2nd order diffusion equation . The source of mitotic inhibitor is almost periodic and time-dependent within the tissue. The system is set up with the initial condition C(r, 0) = C0(r) and Robin type inhomogeneous boundary condition . Under certain conditions we show that there exists a unique solution for this model which is almost periodic.

基于SEBAL模型的陆浑灌区生育期内实际蒸散发研究

【目的】探索基于遥感技术和能量平衡模型建立准确快捷评估灌区高空间分辨率蒸散发值的方法。【方法】基于SEBAL模型,利用Landsat-8遥感影像和气象数据估算了作物生育期内陆浑灌区的实际蒸散发值,验证了能量平衡模型在陆浑灌区的适用性,进而分析了陆浑灌区实际蒸散发的时空演变特征。【结果】SEBAL模型模拟值与蒸散发产品(v 1.5)的相关系数在0.8以上,SEBAL模型模拟值与站点实测值的相关系数在0.96以上。生育期内,2—5月实际蒸散发值逐月增加,作物种植区实际蒸散发值大于林区,实际蒸散发高-高聚类点主要分布在作物种植区;6—7月实际蒸散发出现年内最高值106.52 mm,林区实际蒸散发值大于作物种植区,实际蒸散发高-高聚类点主要分布在林区;8—9月实际蒸散发值整体开始降低,实际蒸散发高-高聚类点数量减少,并向东北地区收缩。【结论】SEBAL模型利用遥感卫星影像等数据可以得到准确的高空间分辨率地表实际蒸散发估算结果,在灌区尺度具有强适用性。

冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期生长性能及环控能耗的影响

为研究冬季不同最小通风量模式对肉种鸡育雏育成期舍内环境、生长性能以及环控能耗的影响,试验测试了间歇式通风和连续式通风两种不同的最小通风量通风控制模式,分别比较了两种模式下鸡舍内主要环境质量参数、环控能耗、体重均匀度和抗体效价。结果显示:第一周,连续通风温度高于间歇通风(P>0.05),相对湿度显著低于间歇通风(P<0.05),二氧化碳浓度显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.05),第2~10周,连续通风温度极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01),相对湿度极显著低于间歇通风(P<0.01),二氧化碳浓度极显著高于间歇通风模式(P<0.01),同时连续通风鸡舍内环境参数波动度小于间歇通风;试验期间连续通风环控总能耗(7036.01 kW·h)低于间歇通风(7633.02 kW·h),并且连续通风种鸡体重均匀度优于间歇通风;H5N1亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价显著高于间歇通风(P<0.05),H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体效价极显著高于间歇通风(P<0.01)。研究表明,冬季肉种鸡育雏育成期采用连续通风的最小通风量模式对比间歇通风的最小通风量模式,可以获得更加稳定的舍内环境,雏鸡生长性能以及免疫效果更优,且能源消耗更少。

不同外源物质及喷施时期对滩涂水稻穗部性状、产量及品质的影响

以南粳5055为供试品种,于2021年在江苏滩涂地区(土壤盐分1.11~1.26 g/kg)开展田间试验,研究不同外源物质及喷施时期(2次:分蘖期、孕穗期和3次:分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆期)对滩涂水稻穗部性状及产量、品质的影响。试验设置7个处理,即喷施清水(CK)、禾稼春喷施2次(L1-2)、碧护喷施2次(L2-2)、萘乙酸喷施2次(L3-2)、禾稼春喷施3次(L1-3)、碧护喷施3次(L2-3)和萘乙酸喷施3次(L3-3)。结果表明,喷施外源物质具有提高水稻产量的效果,与CK相比,L2-2、L2-3、L3-2和L3-3分别显著提高产量17.69%、17.80%、11.62%和13.42%,L1-2和L1-3则分别提高产量6.66%和7.09%,但差异不显著;喷施外源物质对稻米品质影响不大。喷施外源物质对水稻有效穗数和结实率均没有明显影响,但显著增加实粒数;L1-2、L2-2、L1-3和L3-3处理显著增加每穗粒数,L2-2和L2-3处理显著增加千粒重。喷施外源物质对水稻一次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数和结实率没有显著影响,而对二次枝梗的枝梗数、总粒数、实粒数及结实率均有不同程度的增加效果,且二次枝梗对每穗粒数的贡献率普遍提高。对同一种外源物质而言,喷施2次和喷施3次对水稻产量、穗部性状的影响没有显著差异。碧护喷施处理提高水稻产量主要是由每穗粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重提高引起的,萘乙酸喷施处理提高水稻产量主要是每穗粒数、每穗实粒数提高引起的,而每穗粒数的提高主要与二次枝梗数及二次枝梗的总粒数和实粒数增加有关。因此,今后在滩涂地区种植水稻,可通过在分蘖期和孕穗期喷施外源叶面肥或植物生长调节剂来改善穗粒结构特别是二次枝梗性状,达到增产增收的目的。

不同药剂与施药时期对辣椒炭疽病防治效果的影响

【目的】探明贵州辣椒炭疽病的适宜防治药剂和防治时期,为辣椒炭疽病化学防控提供依据。【方法】选取已登记的15种辣椒炭疽病防治药剂单剂(25%咪鲜胺EC、80%波尔多液WP、50%肟菌酯WG、22.7%二氰蒽醌SC、70%代森锰锌WP、40%百菌清SC、30%琥胶肥酸铜WP、80%克菌丹WG、22.5%啶氧菌酯SC、85%三氯异氰尿酸SPX、40%苯醚甲环唑SC、500 g/L氟啶胺SC、50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC和25%吡唑醚菌酯SC)和1个混剂(40%苯甲•吡唑酯SC)为药剂处理,选取贵州辣椒炭疽病的3个主要致病菌菌株(C.scovillei GL 17-25、C.gloeosporioides GL 17-42和C.fructicola GL 17-147)为防治对象,采用菌丝生长抑制法和离体果实接种法对药剂进行初筛,通过田间试验进一步验证适宜的药剂和防治时期。【结果】25%咪鲜胺EC、50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP、70%代森锰锌WP对3种辣椒炭疽病菌的菌丝生长抑制率均为100.00%;离体果实接种试验表明,除70%代森锰锌WP外,各药剂的平均预防效果均高于治疗效果,25%咪鲜胺EC对3个菌株的预防和治疗效果最好,平均值分别为72.48%和60.01%,其次为25%吡唑醚菌酯SC(43.53%和30.36%)。相比发病中期用药,发病初期用药的病情指数低、防效高,25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和40%苯甲•吡唑酯SC的防效显著(P<0.05)高于25%咪鲜胺EC,前两者发病初期用药的防效分别为86.99%和88.59%,发病中期用药防效分别为50.87%和45.48%。【结论】25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和40%苯甲•吡唑酯SC能有效防治辣椒炭疽病,防治时期以发病初期为佳。

川射干提取物对肉鸡育雏期生长性能及免疫功能的影响

目的研究川射干(Iridis Tectori Rhizoma,ITR)提取物对肉鸡育雏期生长性能和免疫功能的影响。方法试验选择200只1日龄雏鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,分别为空白对照组(基础日粮)Ⅰ组以及试验药物组Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(基础日粮分别添加0.25%、0.5%、1.0%ITR)。试验期42 d。每2周测定1次料肉比、测算平均日采食量、平均日增重等生长性能指标和免疫器官指数、新城疫抗体水平等免疫功能指标。结果1~42日龄,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组试验鸡的平均日增重显著提高,3组试验组的鸡平均日增重差异不显著(p>0.05);试验期各阶段平均日采食量和料肉比各组差异均不显著(p>0.05),但随着试验组药物添加浓度的增加,平均日采食量、平均日增重呈下降趋势,料肉比呈上升趋势。与Ⅰ组相比,各试验组的胸腺器官指数差异均不显著(p>0.05);在28日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组的脾脏器官指数显著升高(p<0.05),其他日龄差异不显著(p>0.05);28日龄时Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的法氏囊器官指数显著高于Ⅰ组(空白对照)(p<0.05),其他日龄各组差异不显著(p>0.05)。试验期各阶段,各组间新城疫抗体水平差异不显著(p>0.05);鸡新城疫抗体水平与时间呈负相关,试验组对鸡新城疫抗体水平的降低均有一定的抵抗作用,42日龄,试验组抗体水平均高于对照组。结论在饲料中添加ITR作为免疫调节剂可改善肉鸡免疫功能和生长性能,其中0.25%添加量对提高雏鸡生长性能效果最好,1%添加量对雏鸡脾脏指数的提高效果最明显。

基于IRMAnet的全生育期小麦品种识别研究

为了解决小麦种植中品系混乱、劣种降效、假种坑农以及模型参数过多不利于部署到移动端等问题,提出了IRMAnet模型。通过拍摄29种不同小麦的种子期、幼苗期、开花期图片,构建了一个拥有87个类别46 420张照片的小麦多生育时期数据集。基于该数据集,首先将原始ResNet34模型的基本残差块中的第二个卷积块替换为inverted residual block,以降低网络的参数量;其次在网络的Layer1层后加入一层RFB层,增大感受野的同时提高特征提取能力;最后在网络的Layer2、Layer3层后分别加入一层MAPOOL层,以增强泛化能力和准确性。在训练集上进行训练后,IRMAnet的准确率为95.0%,相较于ResNet34提高了1.9个百分点。将在训练集上训练得到的权重加载到验证集上后,除个别品种外,绝大多数品种的精确率、召回率、特异度均达到了90%以上。实验结果表明,IRMAnet能够对多个生育时期的小麦品种进行准确识别,模型性能更加优越,所使用参数量更低。该研究为全生育期小麦品种识别提供了依据,为小麦产业提质增效提供了新的技术选项。

“稻-稻-油”生产模式下短生育期冬油菜品种选育与推广现状分析

近年来,我国食用植物油自给率不到31%,进口依赖度高。油菜是唯一的冬季油料作物,适宜种植区域广泛,是我国重要的食用植物油来源。扩种油菜是保障国家食用油安全的重要举措。充分利用南方双季稻区冬闲田,推广“稻-稻-油”三熟制生产模式是扩种油菜的重要途径。适宜“稻-稻-油”生产模式的区域主要分布在我国湖南、江西、广西和湖北等省的双季稻区,约有187万hm^(2)的潜力面积。根据温光资源条件,3个适宜区域即温光资源宽松区、温光资源紧平衡区和温光资源约束区均要求油菜品种生育期在180 d左右,10月中下旬播种,4月中下旬收获,才能适宜南方双季稻接茬。从2013年到2022年国家油菜品种试验情况来看,共有75个油菜新品种参加早熟组试验,平均生育期为169.3—185.3 d,平均单产1 635.90—2 228.55 kg·hm^(-2),其中,有22个品种增产显著。截至2023年5月底,登记生育期在190 d以内,适宜在“稻-稻-油”模式区域种植的短生育期冬油菜品种共有72个,均为甘蓝型双低油菜品种,以杂交品种为主。在品种推广应用上,经相关省份调查,阳光131、丰油730、沣油320、沣油847、赣油杂906、圣光127、湘油420、景油69、沣油112、华油杂652、赣油杂1009等11个品种在“稻-稻-油”生产区有较大的推广应用面积,在2022年的推广面积均为135 hm^(2)以上。现有品种的生育期能够基本满足温光资源宽松区的要求,但在温光资源紧平衡区和约束区生育期仍然偏长。聚焦油菜扩种增产增效,未来还需要强化政策资金保障,组织开展短生育期冬油菜品种培育联合攻关,提高温光资源宽松区品种的产量,缩短温光资源紧平衡区和约束区品种的生育期。同时,还需加强短生育期油菜品种良种良法配套技术的研究与推广,做好早稻、晚稻和油菜品种的搭配,从完善农业社会化服务、扩展油菜种植农业保险、增加油菜种植资金补贴等方面入手,保障农民收益,提高农民“稻-稻-油”模式生产积极性。