The Guiding Principles of the Cause of Human Rights in China in a New Era

The report of the 19;Communist Party of China National Congress is a document with an important historical position and unique historic contribution in the history of the People’s Republic of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The report can be roughly divided into two parts:general principles and substantial content.The general principles comprise four issues,which are judgment of

The ethics of exercise in eating disorders:Can an ethical principles approach guide the next generation of research and clinical practice?

1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-

Toward Robust Classifiers for PDF Malware Detection

Malicious Portable Document Format(PDF)files represent one of the largest threats in the computer security space.Significant research has been done using handwritten signatures and machine learning based on detection via manual feature extraction.These approaches are time consuming,require substantial prior knowledge,and the list of features must be updated with each newly discovered vulnerability individually.In this study,we propose two models for PDF malware detection.The first model is a convolutional neural network(CNN)integrated into a standard deviation based regularization model to detect malicious PDF documents.The second model is a support vector machine(SVM)based ensemble model with three different kernels.The two models were trained and tested on two different datasets.The experimental results show that the accuracy of both models is approximately 100%,and the robustness against evasive samples is excellent.Further,the robustness of the models was evaluated with malicious PDF documents generated using Mimicus.Both models can distinguish the different vulnerabilities exploited in malicious files and achieve excellent performance in terms of generalization ability,accuracy,and robustness.

The Translation of Local Historical Allusions in the Perspective of Cross-cultural Communication With Case Studies

The translation of place-names plays a significant part in both translation and the process of communication. The translation of place-names is a cross-cultural communication, especially in the translation of the place-names with allusion-oriented meaning. The translators should consider the cultural meaning of the place-names and convey the cultural meaning accurately to the foreigners. This paper is based on some cases that have been searched, illustrating the translation of place-names on allusion-oriented from the perspective of cross-cultural communication consciousness and the strategy of foreignization. It also analyzes the basic guiding principl strategies and specific translation methods on the translation of Chinese place-names, as well as the scope es, of various translation methods, such as literal translation, free translation, combination of both of them, and proposes the guiding principles of this kind of translation which should be ＂literal translation-headed, proper free translation, and appropriate interpretation＂. The other principles are ＂following the pronunciation of the owners of proper names, adopting the established popular translated names, and using the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character＂ etc. Based on it, this paper discusses the translation of the place-names, such as ＂Zhenyuan＇

Practical Effects and Theoretical Significance of Enterprises’Human Rights Policies——Taking Fortune Global 500 as an Example

The United nations guiding Principles on Business and human Rights requires enterprises to formulate human Rights policies and specify criteria for content and form to fulfill their responsibilities in this area.Research into the human rights policies enacted by the Fortune global 500 enterprises in 2021 reveals aclearl trend and the great practical and theoretical significance of enterprises’human rights policies can be identified.In practice,the widespread application of international human rights norms to enterprises’human rights policies is becoming a universal corporate practice that incorporates both formulation and implementation mechanisms,but there are distinct differences in the application of international human rights norms by enterprises from different countries and industries.Meanwhile,the trend in applying these enterprises’human rights policies reveals a key theoretical significance,i.e.,the trend toward the privatization of human rights norms is breaking away from the theoretical basis of“public law”in the traditional international human rights law.The social norms,including international guidelines and industry norms,are being transformed into“hard law”;and the effect of domestic legislation on enterprises’responsibilities in human rights in other countries transcends national borders and suggests new theoretical possibilities for the extraterritorial extension of a country’s legal will.While enterprises’human rights policies may have become customary rules for international business,there are still many limitations and challenges to their application,which may also pose limitations to their practical effects and theoretical significance.Recommendations are made in the hope that the Chinese government and enterprises will pay attention to the significance of enterprises’human rights policies and improve their understanding and application of the policies to promote global human rights governance in a more equitable,just,reasonable,and inclusive direction.

The Effects of Pre-Task Planning on Second Language Writing:A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

There are both pedagogical and theoretical grounds for asking second language writers to plan before they start writing.The question then arises whether pre-task planning(PTP)improves written output.To address this question,this article reviewed 32 studies by comparing the effect of PTP either with no planning or with unpressured online planning(OLP).These studies also investigated the moderating effect of variables relating to the writer participants,the nature of the planning,and the writing tasks.The main findings are:(1)There is no clear evidence that PTP leads to better overall writing quality when this is measured using rating rubrics,(2)PTP generally results in more fluent writing,(3)its impact on syntactical and lexical complexity is inconsistent and negligible,(4)OLP does sometimes result in increased linguistic accuracy,and(5)there is insufficient evidence to reach clear conclusions about the role that moderating variables have on the impact of PTP,but the results suggest that collaborative(as opposed to individual planning)can lead to increased accuracy and that PTP tends to lead to more complex language when the writing task is a complex one.The article concludes with a set of principles to ensure better quality research and three general proposals for the kind of future research needed.

English Teachers＇ Classroom Verbal Strategy in the Dialogue Teaching

The core of dialogue teaching is dialogue. The dialogue here refers to the way in which the teachers and students based on mutual respect, trust and equal position carry on the two-way communication and mutual learning through conversation and listening. One of the marked differences between dialogue teaching and traditional teaching is that dialogue teaching highlights the essence of the teaching process of communication and cooperation. At the same time dialogue teaching is based on students＇ psychological demand, which makes the teaching full of strong emotion. Using the dialogue teaching as the background, this paper mainly provides the guiding principles and practical advice for the teachers＇ classroom language strategies so as to achieve more effective teaching effect.

FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations

The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle.

Theoretical Characteristics of Tibetan Medicine

Similar to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Tibetan medicine emphasizes the concepts of holism,balance,and etiology.With the individual as the nexus of macro-and micro-ecologies,multi-layered systemic etiologies,inform therapeutic pharmacologies for cultivating network effects to induce the healing response.Tibetan medicine approaches health and healing through perspectives that frame the balance achieved in the internal world as inextricably linked to balance in the external world,and vice versa,that includes expressions of mind and consciousness.The external world refers to the broader context of the natural world as comprised of matter and energy expressed through five elemental dynamics(Chi.Tu,Shui,Huo,Feng and Kong;Tib.Sa,Chu,Mé,r Lung and Kha)describing principles of solidity,cohesion,heat,motility,and interactive space,or earth,water,fire,wind and space,respectively.The internal world refers to the local context of the physical mass and biochemical cascades of energy transfers comprising the human body,its behaviors and functions,including cognitive factors,as also expressed through the five elemental dynamics.The external and internal systems merge as a unified whole,where the five elemental dynamics characterize materio-energetic exchanges between the broader and local ecologies of individual body and natural world,as well as social relations,mental affects,and contextual conditions.The interdependence,opposition,restriction and transformation among three physiological systems known as nyépa(Three Causal Factors)-r Lung,Tripa and Béken(pronounced lōōng,trīpa,baekan,respectively)-are used to discuss the balance of the whole.The causal origins of disease are explained through disturbances to these systems as a combination of afflictive mental factors,physiologic imbalances,and disturbing conditions from the natural world,such as environmental toxins,pathogens,and exposures.Of the three causal origins,afflictive mental factors are particularly emphasized as important etiological conditioning influences.Initiation and progression of disease is divided into four stages:baseline stage,initiating stage,developing stage,and maturing stage.Each stage has an explicit therapeutic paradigm for treatment,recovery,and health maintenance demonstrating the distinct theoretical framework for disease treatment in Tibetan medicine as specific to individual body,particular disease etiology,and constitutionally-directed unique compound metabolism pharmacodynamically.

Knowledge

Natural disasters, war, civil unrest and other catastrophes continue to disrupt, and often seriously endanger, the lives of millions of people around the world. Whatever their cause, emergencies pose a particularly grave threat to health, nutritional status and very survival of infants and young children. Fortunately, much of the disability and death typical among this age group in such circumstances can be averted-provided proper feeding and care can be ensured.