Selection of New Sugarcane Variety Guitang 42 with High Yield and High Sugar Content and Suitable for Mechanized Production

[Objective] This study was conducted to provide and promote high-yield,high-sugar, high-lodging resistance cane varieties and change the situation of singleness of sugarcane variety in Guangxi. [Method] The variety, Guitang 04-1001（Guitang 42）, a progeny of the cross ROC22 ×Guitang 92-66, was bred and evaluated in the aspects of morphological characteristics and production characteristics through the breeding program of a five-nursery-system protocol by both regional and production trials. [Results] Under many years of experiments, Guitang 42 was shown with high stalk, medium to large stalk diameter, easy stripping, good germination, medium tillering ability, and more population of millable stalks; and high resistance to mosaic and pokkah boeng, medium resistance to smut, high drought tolerance, and good ratooning ability. During the five-nursery-system procedure, the average of cane and sugar yield was 95.06-108.87 t/hm^2 and 15.11-16.85 t/hm^2, which were higher than CK by 11.3%-14.1% and 16.0%-18.9%, respectively. In the regional trial in 2011 and 2012, the achieved cane yield of 101.7 t/hm^2, sugar yield of 15.03 t/hm^2 and sucrose contents of 14.46% were higher than CK by 9.26%, 14.45% and0.66%, respectively. In the production trial in 2012, the average cane yield was88.62 t/hm^2, which was higher than ROC22 by 7.9%. Guitang 42 was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013 and elected to Guangxi Top 10 sugarcane commercial variety in 2014. [Conclusion] Guitang 42 has the characteristics of early maturity, high yield, high sugar content, good ratooning ability, and high resistance to lodging（i.e., good comprehensive traits）, and could be popularized in south sugarcane regions in China.

高产高糖抗倒伏甘蔗新品种桂糖42号的选育及高产栽培技术

【目的】培育高产、高糖、抗倒伏、适合机械化生产的甘蔗新品种,为广西和中国甘蔗糖业的可持续发展提供良种和技术支持。【方法】以ROC22为母本、桂糖92-66为父本进行甘蔗有性杂交育种,采用＂五圃制＂选育程序,经过区域试验和生产试验综合考察甘蔗新品种桂糖04-1001（桂糖42号）的形态特征和生产特性。【结果】桂糖42号植株高大,中大茎,易脱叶;出苗较好,分蘖力中等,成茎率高;中抗黑穗病,高抗花叶病和梢腐病,抗旱性强,宿根性好。＂五圃制＂历年选育平均蔗茎产量为95.06-108.87 t/ha,比对照增产11.3%-14.1%;平均糖产量为15.11-16.85 t/ha,比对照增产16.0%-18.9%。2011-2012年区域试验平均蔗茎产量和产糖量分别为101.70和15.03 t/ha,比对照增产9.26%和14.45%;蔗糖分14.77%,比对照增加0.66%（绝对值）。2012年生产试验中,平均蔗茎产量为88.62 t/ha,比ROC22增产7.86%。该品种2013年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,并于2014年入选广西甘蔗良种繁育体系十大主推品种目录。【结论】桂糖42号为早熟、高产、高糖、宿根好、抗倒能力强、综合性状优良的甘蔗新品种,适合在中国南方蔗区推广应用。

甘蔗品种桂糖42号的种性及其高产稳产性分析与评价

【目的】对甘蔗品种桂糖42号的种性及其高产稳产性进行分析与评价,为其大面积推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】以可代表广西蔗区70%土壤类型的金光农场为试验地点,选择高、中、低3种不同土壤类型的地块,以新台糖22号(ROC22)为对照,连续进行桂糖42号4年新植3年宿根共30点次的生产性试验;试验期间调查其主要农艺性状、抗性及产量表现,并采用高稳系数与变异系数相结合的方法分析其高产稳产性。【结果】桂糖42号新植蔗的萌芽率和茎径与ROC22接近,分蘖率、单位面积苗数和有效茎数高于ROC22,但差异均不显著(P>0.05,下同),株高则显著低于ROC22(P<0.05,下同)。宿根蔗的株高略高于ROC22,茎径与ROC22相当,单位面积苗数和有效茎数较ROC22有明显优势,与ROC22的差异达显著或极显著(P<0.01,下同)水平。桂糖42号抗螟虫和抗梢腐病能力与ROC22相当,抗黑穗病、抗倒伏能力及抗旱性强于ROC22。新植蔗和宿根蔗的平均蔗糖分为14.95%~15.36%,均高于ROC22,但差异未达显著水平。1~3年宿根蔗茎产量和糖蔗产量分别比ROC22增产28.86%~62.93%和28.98%~63.03%,其中第3年宿根仍有较高的蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量,分别达80.02和12.32 t/ha,4新3宿的平均蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量分别达95.32和14.43 t/ha,比ROC22极显著增产18.38%和18.86%。从高稳系数和变异系数来看,桂糖42号新植蔗的产量稳定性较ROC22略差,但宿根蔗和新宿平均的产量稳定性较高,较ROC22有明显优势。【结论】桂糖42号在广西金光农场表现出高产高糖、宿根性强、抗旱性好、脱叶性好及抗倒性强等诸多优良特性,适宜在广西及国内相同土壤类型蔗区进一步推广种植。

甘蔗新品种‘桂糖42号’对不同施氮水平的响应

在磷钾肥得到满足的条件下,以我国甘蔗生产上的常规施氮水平即600kg/hm^2作对照,设置4种不同的施氮水平试验,探讨甘蔗品种‘桂糖42号’对不同施氮水平的响应。结果显示,‘桂糖42号’的最佳施氮量为150~300kg尿素/hm^2,其蔗产量达到95.17~96.21t/hm^2,单位面积含糖量达到14.07~14.97t/hm^2,试验结果进一步证明了‘桂糖42号’具有较强的生物固氮能力。

不同土壤肥力水平条件下的桂糖42号适应性分析

为了解桂糖42号的适应性,在金光农场蔗区选择肥力不同的蔗地,进行了多年、多点的观察试验。试验结果表明,桂糖42号在金光农场蔗区不同肥力地块种植均表现出良好的适应性。与对照相比,虽然新植蔗的产蔗量与对照相当,但其宿根蔗的平均产蔗量增产显著,且宿根年限越长,增产越显著,这种优势尤其在高肥力地块中表现更突出。综上认为,桂糖42号较广西蔗区主栽品种而言更适合在相同蔗区种植。