Field study of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in gymnasium

To analyze the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a medium-sized mechanically ventilated gymnasium in Beijing,a field study was carried out. PHOENICS,one of the CFD software,was chosen to simulate the distribution of the indicators of indoor air in the gymnasium to check the air-conditioning parameters reasonable or not. And there was a questionnaire for audiences and staff about the acceptance and satisfaction of the thermal comfort,simultaneously,some environmental parameters were monitored. Then an experiment was carried out in gymnasium with the plate sedimentation to the biological aerosol in the air. Finally,the thermal comfort and IAQ in the gymnasium were assessed based on the results of above questionnaire survey and measurements. The results show that most parameters of the environmental are within the standard limits of thermal comfort and IAQ in the monitored period,and the biological contaminants initially come from human beings. The main species in the gymnasium are streptobacillus,coccus,cladosporium,penicillium and neurospora.

Wind tunnel testing of wind pressures on a large gymnasium roof

A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention is paid to the charaeteristics of fluctuating wind pressures in different zones on the roof. Some selected results are presented： 1） correlations between fluctuating wind pressures on both roof surfaces, 2） eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices of the fluctuating wind pressures, 3） probability distributions of the fluctuating wind pressures, and 4） statistical characteristics of peak factor. Furthermore, the applicability of the quasi-steady approach is discussed in detail. Based on the results, an empirical formula for estimating the minimum pressure coefficients, using a peak factor approach, is presented. Comparison of the minimum pressure coefficients determined by the proposed formula and those obtained from the wind tunnel tests is made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed formula.

Land Use Characteristics of Areas Around the Metro Station in the Old City of Chengdu: A Case Study of Sichuan Gymnasium Station

Taking Sichuan Gymnasium Station as the research object, we explore land use characteristics over time of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of time. We extract the basic information of land use in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in 2005, 2011, and 2016 through Google Earth in order to draw the map of land use status in three time nodes. We then analyze the degree of mixing and equilibrium, intensity of development of land, and land use patterns of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station with indexes including the area proportion of land use patterns, information entropy, and degree of equilibrium within a 1,000-m radius centered on the station, so as to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of land around the station in different time nodes. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the development of rail transit has not significantly contributed to the boom of commerce and the development of the old city of Chengdu. We also analyze land use changes in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of space, and find that land use patterns in areas around commuter stations seem to be more complicated than that of the average station, and land use patterns in areas around Huaxiba Station and Nijiaqiao Station on Line 1, which opened first, are more complicated than that of Moziqiao Station and Yiguanmiao Station on Line 3. The original land use patterns formed in the old city often determine the selection of rail transit routes and rail transit stations. Adaptive stations do not play a decisive role in land use patterns in their surrounding areas, but have some impact on the plot ratio and building height of land for commercial use within the core area of the stations.

Analysis of Operation Strategy and Management of University Gymnasiums

With the progress of new trends of society, gymnasium, the most important part in Chinese sports facility, can not only meet the needs of physical exercise of students, but also provide a favorable place for social welfare development. But due to the influence of traditional management methods, some problems are still seen in the process of operation of university gymnasiums in china, which restricts the overall development of our country＇s sports enterprise. Therefore, this paper probes into the study on disadvantageous existed conditions and analyzes the operation strategies and management strategies of university gymnasiums on the basis of their characteristics and advantages.

How to Build the Management Mode for the Gymnasiums in Ordinary Universities in China

In recent years, China has paid attention to the college expansion plan, and people have attached importance not to only students＇ academic performance, but also their quality and extracurricular activities. At this point, all kinds of activities for college students have been widely concerned. Students in ordinary universities almost exercise in the gymnasium, which requires optimizing the management mode of gymnasium construction. In the process of university gymnasium management, it needs building effectively according to the requirements of college students＇ activities, ensuring a better activity space for college students. At this point, it is necessary for relevant management personnel to focus on the management, and make perfect management mode, so as to ensure the better optimal management system. This paper proposes measures to build the university gymnasium management mode through the analysis of the university gymnasium management mode problems, in order to offer reference for management personnel.

Multimedia Production and Multi（media） Literacy in Gymnasiums

The article displays the possibilities for introducing multimedia production based on computer science to gymnasiums （general secondary school programs）, where students who usually continue their education at college are educated. The purpose of the research was to prepare an assessment of the situation and recommendations to gymnasiums on how to improve the situation in this field and what options and opportunities appear for schools and the media environment in which they are active. Special attention was paid to the situation of activities （extracurricular activities and optional subjects） related to multimedia production and uses of ICT （information-communication technology）.

Proposal of Stainless Steel Roof Structure and Tiles for Gymnasiums

This work proposed an architectural alternative project of a stainless steel roof structure that uses roof tiles also in stainless steel with emphasis on roofs for multi-sport gymnasiums.In the development of the work,two existing multi-sports gymnasiums are taken as a reference,but with ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)A36 steel roof structure.The proposed cover system uses cables and light gauge profiles,in commercial stainless steel,which reduces the weight and of course the final price of the roof structure.A structure that presents technical feasibility is obtained and analyzed by checking its behavior with respect to the efforts and displacements generated by the combinations of the acting loads,following the safety recommendations of the applicable standard.It is verified that using the stainless steel structure proposed in this work would cost 42%of the reference structure if this were in AISI(American Iron and Steel Institute)304 stainless steel.And this cost tends to be minimized due to greater durability and consequent reduction in maintenance costs of this type of steel.

Effect of building interface form on thermal Check foi comfort in gymnasiums in hot and humid climates

The thermal environment and thermal comfort of a building are greatly affected by the desig n of the build ing interface form. Most con temporary architectural designs con sider only the relations between architectural form and architectural beauty. Few studies on the correlati on of architectural form and thermal comfort address the in flue nee of architectural form on thermal comfort and thermal environment. These studies are particularly important for gymnasium architectures located in hot and humid areas, which have high requirements for thermal comfort. This paper presents an experimental investigati on and an an alysis of the effect of the building in terface form of gymnasiums on thermal comfort in hot and humid subtropical regions during summer. Results showed that the influence of the top interface forms on thermal comfort is mainly dominated by the mea n radiant temperature, which could be con trolled to improve thermal comfort. The in fluence of side interface forms on thermal comfort is mainly domi nated by air velocity, and thermal comfort could be improved by promoting natural ventilation on the side interface form design to reduce indoor heat. This research enhanced our understanding of the relation between the in terface form and the thermal comfort of gymnasiums. In addition, this paper provides a theoretical reference for the sustainable design of gymnasiums in hot and humid climates.

严寒地区某高校体育馆室内热环境研究

采用现场测量和问卷调查的方法对严寒地区某高校体育馆比赛场地及观众席的室内热环境进行了研究。通过测量体育馆室内空气的温度、相对湿度、CO_(2)含量等,对数据进行整理分析,得到体育馆温度在21℃~23℃高于标准值;供暖前后甲醛含量、TVOC含量和CO_(2)浓度均符合标准;昼间平均噪声为53 dB,小于55 dB(国家规范);40%的被调查人员认为体育馆较暖;适当的通风能有效改善室内热环境和提高人体热舒适性。通过计算PMV,PPD,按照国家规范分析体育馆室内热环境舒适度,为严寒地区体育馆室内热湿环境的改进提供参考依据。

高烈度地区体育馆类公共建筑结构设计探讨

风雨操场作为体育馆类公共建筑,通常造型独特且体型复杂;而作为乙类建筑,存在大跨度、水平和竖向刚度分布不均等结构分析中较难处理的问题,因此其计算分析较为严格,而宁夏银川作为8度区,其抗震要求则更为严格且计算分析亦更为复杂。以银川一中风雨操场为例,对体育馆类结构中存在的问题及其处理方法进行了分析和探讨,为同类建筑的结构设计提供参考。

Acoustic design of the Gymnasium and Natatorium of Chinese National Olympic Sports Center

The proper control over the reverberation times is of vital importance to acoustic design of large-sized gymnasium. In the projects discussed in this paper gratifying reverberation times have been obtained by employing space absorbers suspended under the exposed space frame and strong absorbing structures mounted on the side walls. Some suggestions concerning acoustic design of large-sized gymnasia and natatoria are made on the basis of the practical experience gained from the projects.

Two typical phenomena from the numerical simulation of fire and smoke transport in a gymnasium fire

Navier-Stokes equations are solved to simulate a gymnasium fire. The equations are simpli- fied by weakly compressible low Mach number as- sumption. Turbulence effect is simulated using Smagorinsky large eddy simulation (LES) model. The mixture fraction combustion model is adopted to simulate the burning process. With the analysis of computed velocity and temperature field, two impor- tant phenomena, named door effect and smoke plug-holing, are found to be responsible for the dete- rioration of smoke exhaust efficiency when natural ventilation or forced ventilation is present. Some ex- planations are made to elucidate these effects’ mechanism. An improved design of smoke ventilation system is suggested.

大型体育赛事场馆立体救援方案的构建及实践

目的 构建大型赛事活动体育场馆医疗保障应急救援方案,分析效果总结实践经验,为同规模赛事活动的场馆内医疗保障提供借鉴。方法 研究团队于2023年6月对第19届亚运会主场馆深入分析保障场馆环境空间布局,制订大型场馆立体医疗保障方案,完成高仿真模拟测试,救护点医疗急救小组在亚运会赛事期间依托看台医疗专用电梯以“上下穿插跑位”立体方法进行救护。结果 亚运会医疗保障人员均能够在接到紧急医疗服务需求后2 min内到事发地点施行紧急医疗保障服务,对于需要转运的危重症患者实现3~8 min转运。结论 大型体育场馆采用立体救援方案进行医疗保障,可扩大医护人员救援半径、缩短反应时间,在此次亚运会主场馆医疗保障中取得了圆满成效。

十堰某体育馆106m跨内凹弦支穹顶结构设计关键问题研究

十堰某体育馆主体结构采用框架-剪力墙结构体系,上部106m大跨内凹形屋盖采用弦支穹顶结构体系。为了满足建筑简洁性及结构合理性需求,对屋盖进行了四角锥网架、弦支穹顶及网架-弦支穹顶组合的不同结构形式对比,最终选用结构轻巧、经济性好的弦支穹顶结构体系。结合弦支穹顶结构自身的受力特点以及其对下部结构的不利影响,对弦支穹顶结构上下弦布置、扭转刚度、支座约束条件、撑杆高度等进行了优化。对弦支穹顶断索情况下的响应、不同工况下的支座位移以及拉索低应力状态下的刚度退化进行了验算。结果表明,优化后的屋盖结构满足结构安全、适用性的要求,同时也有较高的冗余度。

高校历史建筑夏季室内热舒适研究——以宋卿体育馆为例

该文研究武汉大学早期历史建筑宋卿体育馆夏季室内热环境现状及热舒适评价,通过对体育馆室内热环境现场实测和问卷调查相结合的方法,对建筑室内相关物理参数及使用者主观评价进行收集。对室内热环境实际热感觉投票值TSV与预测热舒适指标PMV进行对比分析,评测该历史建筑夏季室内热舒适性后,发现宋卿体育馆在夏季自然通风状态下室内热环境较差,主要是因为建筑大面积西向开窗设计很容易受到太阳辐射的影响,室内风速过低,使用者运动强度高,从而导致实际热感觉投票值偏高。因此对该历史建筑提出了相应的优化策略,如增设外窗遮阳、机械通风以及必要的空调系统。

基于元胞自动机的文体馆人员疏散仿真

为研究封闭环境火情下人员疏散行为,提高文体馆内人员疏散效率,文章以西安某文体馆火灾疏散为例,基于元胞自动机模型,根据环境熟悉度将人员进行分类,引入随机运动,跟随运动,墙壁指示运动,通过matlab进行仿真模拟,研究了环境熟悉度、不熟悉环境人员占比和场景等因素对人员疏散时间的影响。结果表明,当不熟悉环境人员占比较小时,人员向出口移动,容易在出口附近聚集;当不熟悉环境人员占比较大时,则容易向两侧墙壁移动,造成出口利用率降低;当人数一定时,不熟悉环境人员占比约为60%时,疏散时间相对较少;相对于出口横向摆放设施易使人们在疏散时聚集,导致不熟悉环境人员盲目跟随,设施纵向摆放时,疏散时间平均降低9.3%,更易于人员应急疏散。

运动人因视角下体育馆光环境评价预测模型研究

体育馆光环境设计直接影响运动者的舒适水平。为探究运动者对天然光环境的舒适需求反馈,本文基于主观调查与客观生理测量的互证方法,确定运动者光环境评价影响因素,利用神经网络算法构建以运动人因健康为导向的体育馆光环境评价预测模型,并结合遗传算法优化迭代得出适宜全民健身的体育馆天然光环境视觉舒适亮度阈值。

瓯海奥体中心体育馆100m跨无环索弦支网壳结构设计

瓯海奥体中心由体育场、体育馆、游泳馆及体育配套用房组成,其中体育馆主体结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋盖采用了无环索弦支网壳结构体系,为国内外首例该结构体系工程。设计中针对屋盖结构进行了屈曲分析及抗连续倒塌分析,结果表明结构的整体稳定性较好、抗连续倒塌能力强,进一步证明了结构体系选择的合理性。对拉索索力进行了专项分析,保证在各工况组合下拉索均不破断及退出受拉状态,且刚度退化后仍满足设计要求。

环境温差对中型体育馆自然通风环境的影响

温度分层是大空间建筑的一个普遍存在的现象,近年全尺寸测量的相关研究已经验证了这一现象,并逐渐引起关注。相关研究表明体育馆室内温度与自然通风环境的变化可能是复杂且敏感的,因此以混合通风的视角切入到后续研究当中很有必要。为探讨亚热带地区环境温差对于体育馆自然通风的潜在影响,文中选取了亚热带地区两个中型体育馆作为研究对象,采用全尺寸测量方法,在夏、秋过渡季节对其室内外空气温度与自然风速进行了监测与分析,并运用计算流体力学(CFD)的数值模拟方法评估并还原了环境温差对于亚热带地区中型体育馆自然通风环境的影响。研究结果表明:负温差环境下的运动区域进口气流风速更高,室外新鲜空气能集中在大空间底部,提高运动区域的换气效率,通风环境显著优于正温差环境;较低的室外空气温度更有利于创造体育馆内部良好的自然通风环境,而对进风口气流进行预冷可能是改善体育馆被占用区域热舒适度的有效途径。本研究运用实测数据对数值模拟结果进行了误差分析,证明模拟方法能有效地解释亚热带地区中型体育馆自然通风环境的温度敏感性,并有效反映了室内大空间复杂的自然通风现象,为未来的相关研究提供基础条件。

大跨度现浇预应力空心楼盖在室内体育馆的应用及质量控制

针对大跨度梁板结构体系存在的梁截面高、室内净高不足、影响功能使用以及增加造价等问题,通过案例分析法并以某学院风雨操场工程的乒乓球、羽毛球训练馆为例,深入分析大跨度现浇预应力空心楼盖技术在室内体育馆的应用以及关键工序的质量控制等重要问题。结果表明:预应力空心楼盖体系能很好地解决使用跨度和室内净空高度等问题。