Grid Integration of Wind Generation Considering Remote Wind Farms:Hybrid Markovian and Interval Unit Commitment

Grid integration of wind power is essential to reduce fossil fuel usage but challenging in view of the intermittent nature of wind.Recently,we developed a hybrid Markovian and interval approach for the unit commitment and economic dispatch problem where power generation of conventional units is linked to local wind states to dampen the effects of wind uncertainties.Also,to reduce complexity,extreme and expected states are considered as interval modeling.Although this approach is effective,the fact that major wind farms are often located in remote locations and not accompanied by conventional units leads to conservative results.Furthermore,weights of extreme and expected states in the objective function are difficult to tune,resulting in significant differences between optimization and simulation costs.In this paper,each remote wind farm is paired with a conventional unit to dampen the effects of wind uncertainties without using expensive utility-scaled battery storage,and extra constraints are innovatively established to model pairing.Additionally,proper weights are derived through a novel quadratic fit of cost functions.The problem is solved by using a creative integration of our recent surrogate Lagrangian relaxation and branch-and-cut.Results demonstrate modeling accuracy,computational efficiency,and significant reduction of conservativeness of the previous approach.

Big-M based MILP method for SCUC considering allowable wind power output interval and its adjustable conservativeness

In contrast to most existing works on robust unit commitment(UC),this study proposes a novel big-M-based mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)method to solve security-constrained UC problems considering the allowable wind power output interval and its adjustable conservativeness.The wind power accommodation capability is usually limited by spinning reserve requirements and transmission line capacity in power systems with large-scale wind power integration.Therefore,by employing the big-M method and adding auxiliary 0-1 binary variables to describe the allowable wind power output interval,a bilinear programming problem meeting the security constraints of system operation is presented.Furthermore,an adjustable confidence level was introduced into the proposed robust optimization model to decrease the level of conservatism of the robust solutions.This can establish a trade-off between economy and security.To develop an MILP problem that can be solved by commercial solvers such as CPLEX,the big-M method is utilized again to represent the bilinear formulation as a series of linear inequality constraints and approximately address the nonlinear formulation caused by the adjustable conservativeness.Simulation studies on a modified IEEE 26-generator reliability test system connected to wind farms were performed to confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

Improved delay-dependent robust H_∞ control of an uncertain stochastic system with interval time-varying and distributed delays

In this paper, the robust H∞control problem for a class of stochastic systems with interval time-varying and distributed delays is discussed. The system under study involves parameter uncertainty, stochastic disturbance, interval time-varying,and distributed delay. The aim is to design a delay-dependent robust H∞control which ensures the robust asymptotic stability of the given system and to express it in the form of linear matrix inequalities（LMIs）. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results are also compared with the existing results to show its conservativeness.

Stabilization and H-infinity control for interval descriptor systems

This paper considers H-infinity control problem for interval descriptor systems. Necessary and sufficient LMI-based conditions are derived for quadratic-like H-infinity control analysis of interval descriptor systems. Using the analysis result, two types of feedback controllers are designed so that the closed-loop interval descriptor systems are admissible with H-infinity-norm less than a prescribed value. To the best of the authors＇s knowledge, this is the first paper to deal with the H-infinity control problem of interval descriptor systems in the literature.

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage CRC.The evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is robust.The clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing adherence.In a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual adherence.This paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

Prevention of stress-related ulcer bleeding at the intensive care unit: Risks and benefits of stress ulcer prophylaxis

Stress-related mucosal disease is a typical complication of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit(ICU). It poses a risk of clinically relevant upper gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding. Therefore, stress ulcer prophylaxis(SUP)is recommended in high-risk patients, especially those mechanically ventilated > 48 h and those with a manifest coagulopathy. Proton pump inhibitors(PPI) and, less effectively, histamine 2 receptor antagonists(H2RA) prevent GI bleeding in critically ill patients in the ICU. However, the routine use of pharmacological SUP does not reduce overall mortality in ICU patients. Moreover, recent studies revealed that SUP in the ICU might be associated with potential harm such as an increased risk of infectious complications, especially nosocomial pneumonia and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Additionally, special populations such as patients with liver cirrhosis may even have an increased mortality rate if treated with PPI. Likewise, PPI can be toxic for both the liver and the bone marrow, and some PPI show clinically relevant interactions with important other drugs like clopidogrel. Therefore, the agent of choice, the specific balance of risks and benefits for individual patients as well as the possible dose of PPI has to be chosen carefully. Alternatives to PPI prophylaxis include H2 RA and/or sucralfate. Instead of routine SUP, further trials should investigate risk-adjusted algorithms, balancing benefits and threats of SUP medication in the ICU.

Classifying and ranking DMUs in interval DEA

During efficiency evaluating by DEA, the inputs and outputs of DMUs may be intervals because of insufficient information or measure error. For this reason, interval DEA is proposed. To make the efficiency scores more discriminative, this paper builds an Interval Modified DEA (IMDEA) model based on MDEA. Furthermore, models of obtaining upper and lower bounds of the efficiency scores for each DMU are set up. Based on this, the DMUs are classified into three types. Next, a new order relation between intervals which can express the DM’s preference to the three types is proposed. As a result, a full and more convictive ranking is made on all the DMUs. Finally an example is given.

OPTIMAL LABELLING OF UNIT IN TERVAL GRAPHS

This paper shows that, for every unit interval graph, there is a labelling which is simultaneously optimal for the following seven graph labelling problems: bandwidth, cyclic bandwidth, profile, fill-in, cutwidth, modified cutwidth, and bandwidth sum(linear arrangement).

The Study of One Carbon Unit Transfer from Imidazolidine to dUMP Analogue with ONIOM Theory

ONIOM quantum mechanics method is used in this paper to study one-carbon unit transfer from imidazolidine to 6-aminouracil derivates. The computation results show that this reaction can be completed via three paths owing to the three different proton transfer modes. By calculation and analysis, we can find the direct proton transfer is the preferable pathway.

400 km/h高速铁路实现3 min追踪间隔时间技术条件分析

400 km/h高速铁路将是我国未来高速铁路发展的重要方向,而实现列车3 min追踪间隔是建设400 km/h高速铁路亟需解决的关键问题。为解决上述问题,本研究通过理论分析与仿真实验分析了400 km/h高速铁路实现3 min追踪间隔时间所需达到的技术条件。理论分析阶段,根据我国高速铁路目前采用的闭塞防护技术,分别分析了列车出发、区间和到达3类追踪间隔的计算方法与影响因素,并结合线路实际设计、运营情况和敏感性分析筛选出具有优化价值的关键影响因素。仿真实验阶段,利用计算机仿真建立多因素列车追踪运行仿真模型,以实现列车3 min追踪间隔为目标,运用控制变量法分析得到了整套技术条件。研究成果对于研究实现400 km/h高速铁路3 min追踪间隔时间具有一定参考意义。

级联H桥光伏并网逆变器混合调制策略

单相级联H桥光伏并网逆变器具有模块化易拓展、输出电流谐波低等优势。但H桥模块的直流侧光伏电池板由于环境因素导致其输出功率不平衡,甚至一路或多路H桥的功率降为0,使得该模块成为虚设单元,影响了系统的稳定运行和冗余能力。因此提出一种改进的"方波+脉冲宽度调制+排序算法"的混合调制策略,利用低频方波调制从根本上扩大系统的稳定工作范围并配合高频脉冲宽度调制减小输出波形的谐波分量。同时对直流侧电压误差进行排序控制实现最大功率点跟踪,并在此基础上从有功功率角度分析了系统的稳定工作条件。所提出的混合调制控制策略结构简单、容错性强,能够实现对虚设单元的稳定控制以及正常模块的独立最大功率点跟踪性能。最后通过仿真和实验验证了所提混合控制方案的正确性。

HEVC帧内编码单元快速划分算法

针对HEVC帧内编码中CU(Coding Units)模式判决过程计算复杂度高的问题,分析了CU四叉树划分结构的特征,提出了一种新的帧内编码单元快速判决算法。首先,提取前一帧相同位置CU的最优划分结构,以预测当前CU的起始划分深度和终止划分深度。然后,结合亮度直方图的密集度特征,设置自适应的双阈值对当前CU划分的深度范围进行精确调整,从而跳过或终止部分不适合此纹理特征的划分模式。测试结果显示,该算法在BD-Rate损失仅为0.374%的情况下,提高了51.654%的编码速度,具有良好的实际应用价值。

CRH2型200km/h动车组

介绍CRH2型200km/h动车组的主要技术参数,阐述了车体、转向架、牵引系统、网络控制系统、辅助电源系统、制动系统、空调系统及车内装饰等的基本特点。

区间变时滞不确定线性系统带记忆H_∞状态反馈控制

一类存在范数有界不确定性的线性时变时滞系统,其时变时滞仅给出时滞变化的上下界,而对时滞变化率未作任何约束.对于这类区间时变时滞系统,给出了一种新型的Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函讨论其稳定性,通过分割平均时滞的方法减小保守性,得到以线性矩阵不等式(LMI)形式给出的稳定性判据.最后分析并给出了一种带记忆的H_∞状态反馈控制器,数值实例表明了本文方法的有效性.

一种基于PID控制器的H.264单元层线性码率控制算法

本文提出一种新的集成PID控制器和线性码率模型的H.264单元层码率控制算法。人眼不仅对空域图像质量敏感,而且对时域图像质量敏感。为了在空域图像质量和时域图像质量之间获得更好的折中,在保持高空域重建图像质量的情况下获得更好的时域重建图像质量,本文将PID控制器引入到H.264的单元层线性码率控制中,并对场景切换情况进行单独处理。实验结果表明,本文算法不但具有线性码率控制算法的准确跟踪目标码率,显著降低比特率估计偏差的优点,而且在保持较高空域重建图像质量的同时提高时域重建图像质量,并可显著地提高场景切换时的重建图像质量。

具有积分二次约束属性的网络控制系统H_∞容错控制

针对一类具有积分二次约束属性的时滞网络控制系统,研究了系统在不等间隔采样下的H_∞容错控制.首先,分析并处理了网络控制系统中时滞与不等间隔采样之间的关系.以此为基础,建立了不等间隔采样下的不确定时滞网络控制系统的切换模型.通过构造Lyapunov函数,运用H_∞控制方法,以及设计具有积分二次约束属性的控制器,获得了基于LMI描述的系统时滞依赖稳定性判据.然后,建立了网络控制系统的传感器故障模型和传感器故障下的网络控制系统数学模型.通过把结论运用到传感器出现故障的网络控制系统,得到了系统在H_∞容错控制下的稳定性判据.最后,通过与其他文献介绍的方法进行比较的一个例子,说明了该方法的有效性.

一种新的H.264基本单元码率控制方法

通过对H.264码率控制原理的分析,提出一种基于峰值信噪比(peak signal noise ratio,PSNR)的图像复杂度估计方法,与平均绝对差值(mean absolute difference,MAD)联合估计基本单元编码复杂度,使基本单元目标比特分配更精确。考虑到MAD线性预测模型计算复杂度高的缺点,利用图像的空间和时间相关性,提出一种加权预测模型的基本单元MAD预测方法,省略参数更新过程以减少计算量。仿真结果表明,提出的加权模型与线性模型预测精度基本相当;所提方法在精确分配目标比特和控制码率的同时,与JM9.6相比,可以令PSNR更为平滑,且平均性能提高0.2 dB。

时滞对离散H_∞滤波系统抗干扰性能的影响

研究了时滞离散系统的H∞滤波问题。通过引入增广向量,将时滞系统方程转化为不显含时滞的标准离散方程,并基于计算结构力学与最优控制之间的模拟理论,引入区段混合能的概念,采用扩展的Wittrick-Williams算法求解H∞滤波系统的抗干扰性能指标,进而得到时滞对滤波系统抗干扰性能指标的影响,并同时方便地完成了时滞滤波器的设计和滤波方程的求解。时滞H∞滤波器直接从时滞方程中得到,可保证系统的稳定性,是依赖于时滞的设计。