Parameter Design of Current Double Closed Loop for T-Type Three-Level Grid-Connected Inverter

To reduce current harmonics caused by switching frequency,T-type grid-connected inverter topology with LCL filter is adopted.In view of the disadvantages of the slow response speed of the traditional current control and the failure to eliminate the influence of the LCL filter on the grid-connected current by using current PI control alone,a current double closed loop PI current tracking control is proposed.Through the theoretical analysis of the grid-connected inverter control principle,the grid-connected inverter control model is designed,and the transfer functionmodel of each control link is deduced,and the current loop PI regulator is designed at last.The simulation results show that the control strategy is feasible.

EFFECTIVE DOUBLE LOOP CONTROL FOR A SQUARE WAVE BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

A new type of brushless DC motor has been developed by using a square wave rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motor with its double loop control circuit. The double loop control scheme of the drive system yields a combination of desired characteristics including simplified control structure, small ripple torque, high speed accuracy, wide operating speed range, and fast dynamic response. Experimental results confirm excellent characteristics of the motor.

Endoscopic treatment of efferent loop syndrome with insertion of double pigtail stent

Efferent loop syndrome is a very rare postgastrectomy syndrome that can occur following Billroth-Ⅱor Rouxen-Y reconstruction.The most common loop syndrome after gastric surgery is afferent loop syndrome;however,efferent loop syndrome has been reported in rare cases.Here,we report a case of efferent loop obstruction that occurred after postoperative adhesiolysis of a small-bowel obstruction.The patient had undergone a partial gastrectomy with BillrothⅡanastomosis and gastric ulcer perforation 30 years prior.The efferent loop obstruction was successfully resolved by the insertion of a double pigtail stent.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first case in the literature describing the treatment of efferent loop obstruction.

The Singularities of Gravitational Fields of Static Thin Loop and Double Spheres Reveal the Impossibility of Singularity Black Holes

In the classical Newtonian mechanics, the gravity fields of static thin loop and double spheres are two simple but foundational problems. However, in the Einstein’s theory of gravity, they are not simple. In fact, we do not know their solutions up to now. Based on the coordinate transformations of the Kerr and the Kerr-Newman solutions of the Einstein’s equation of gravity field with axial symmetry, the gravity fields of static thin loop and double spheres are obtained. The results indicate that, no matter how much the mass and density are, there are singularities at the central point of thin loop and the contact point of double spheres. What is more, the singularities are completely exposed in vacuum. Space near the surfaces of thin loop and spheres are highly curved, although the gravity fields are very weak. These results are inconsistent with practical experience and completely impossible. By reasonable analogy, black holes with singularity in cosmology and astrophysics are something illusive. Caused by the mathematical description of curved space-time, they do not exist in real world actually. If there are black holes in the universe, they can only be the types of the Newtonian black holes without singularities, rather than the Einstein’s singularity black holes. In order to escape the puzzle of singularity thoroughly, the description of gravity should return to the traditional form of dynamics in flat space. The renormalization of gravity and the unified description of four basic interactions may be possible only based on the frame of flat space-time. Otherwise, theses problems can not be solved forever. Physicists should have a clear understanding about this problem.

Different oxidation routes for lattice oxygen recovery of double-perovskite type oxides LaSrFeCoO6 as oxygen carriers for chemical looping steam methane reforming

Double-perovskite type oxide LaSrFeCoO（LSFCO） was used as oxygen carrier for chemical looping steam methane reforming（CL-SMR） due to its unique structure and reactivity. Two different oxidation routes,steam-oxidation and steam-air-stepwise-oxidation, were applied to investigate the recovery behaviors of the lattice oxygen in the oxygen carrier. The characterizations of the oxide were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction（H-TPR） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The fresh sample LSFCO exhibits a monocrystalline perovskite structure with cubic symmetry and high crystallinity, except for a little impurity phase due to the antisite defect of Fe/Co disorder. The deconvolution distribution of XPS patterns indicated that Co,and Fe are predominantly in an oxidized state(Feand Fe) and(Coand Co), while O 1s exists at three species of lattice oxygen, chemisorbed oxygen and physical adsorbed oxygen. The double perovskite structure and chemical composition recover to the original state after the steam and air oxidation, while the Co ion cannot incorporate into the double perovskite structure and thus form the CoO just via individual steam oxidation. In comparison to the two different oxidation routes, the sample obtained by steam-oxidation exhibits even higher CHconversion, CO and Hselectivity and stronger hydrogen generation capacity.

A new algorithm for diameter of double loop network

Presents a new algorithm for diameter of double loop network(DLN) by which two new classes of infinite families of tight DLN of the known twelve infinie families of tight DLNs, under 3.3 in [1] including eleven are constructed.

A Routing Algorithm for Distributed Optimal Double Loop Computer Networks

A routing algorithm for distributed optimal double loop computer networks is proposed and analyzed. In this paper, the routing algorithm rule is described, and the procedures realizing the algorithm are given. The proposed algorithm is shown to be optimal and robust for optimal double loop. In the absence of failures,the algorithm can send a packet along the shortest path to destination; when there are failures,the packet can bypasss failed nodes and links.

A double closed loop APFC control with feed-forward

In order to improve the steady state performance,dynamic response and power factor of traditional power factor correction(PFC)digital control method and reduce the harmonic distortion of input current,a double closed loop active power factorcorrection(APFC)control method with feed-forward is proposed.Firstly,the small signal model of Boost PFC control systemis built and the system transfer function is deduced,and then the parameters of the main device with Boost topology is estimated.By means of the feed-forward,the system can quickly respond to the change in input voltage.Furthermore,the use ofvoltage loop and current loop can achieve input current and output voltage regulation Simulink modeling shows that this methodcan effectively control the output voltage in case of input voltage largely fluctuating,improve the system dynamic response abilityand input power factor,and reduce the input current harmonic distortion

DOUBLE LOOP ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF PNEUMATIC ISOLATOR WITH TWO SEPARATE CHAMBERS

A newly designed pneumatic spring with two separate chambers is promoted and double-loop active control is introduced to overcome the following drawbacks of passive pneumatic isolation： ① The low frequency resonances introduced into the system; ② Conflict between lower isolation frequency and stiffness high enough to limit quasi-static stroke;③ Inconsistent isolation level with different force load. The design of two separate chambers is for the purpose of tuning support frequency and force independently and each chamber is controlled by a different valve. The inner one of double-loop structure is pressure control, and in order to obtain good performance, nonlinearities compensation and motion flow rate compensation （MFRC） are added besides the basic cascade compensation, and the influence of tube length is studied. The outer loop has two functions： one is to eliminate the resonance caused by isolation support and to broaden the isolation frequency band by payload velocity feedback and base velocity feed forward, and the other is to tune support force and support stiffness simultaneously and independently, which means the support force will have no effect on support stiffness. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the three drawbacks are overcome simultaneously.

AN ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTY OF THE NUMBER OF SPANNING TREES OF DOUBLE FIXED STEP LOOP NETWORKS

Let T(C(p,1,q)) be the number of spanning trees of circulant graph C(p,1,q). In this note we show that T(C(p+1,1,q))T(C(p,1,q))→2, p→+∞.

混合级联H桥逆变器的新型SHEPWM功率均衡控制策略

对于直流侧电压比为1∶1∶2的混合级联H桥逆变器,传统的指定谐波消除脉宽调制法(SHEPWM)存在各单元间输出功率不均衡问题,因此,提出一种双层功率均衡调制策略。首先,通过对消谐方程组中的基波幅值方程表达式进行等效拆分,使2个低压H桥单元的输出电压基波幅值之和与高压H桥单元的输出电压基波幅值相等,实现了高低压H桥单元间的功率均衡,即外层功率均衡。其次,利用逻辑运算的方法对低压单元的初始驱动信号进行逻辑重组,实现2个低压单元间的功率均衡,即内层功率均衡;然后使用改进的实数型遗传算法(IRCGA-2)求出消谐方程组的解,消除指定的谐波,得到高质量的输出电压。最后,通过仿真和实验证明了调制策略的正确性与有效性。

h型双排桩在山地建筑边坡工程中应用

针对山地建筑边坡受用地限制而常用挡墙不太适用的问题,提出了h型双排桩结构形式,其由冠梁、腰梁、盖板、前排桩及后排桩组成。首先,假定h型双排桩的上部山体为滑裂体,采用传递系数法计算剩余下滑力,与双排桩抗滑力进行比较,判断边坡整体稳定性;假定h型双排桩为悬臂二阶柱结构,计算结构变形,判断变形是否满足正常使用要求。其次,依托某边坡工程进行实例论证,该工程竣工已近两年,监测数据表明边坡处于安全稳定可控状态。最后,h型双排桩解决了山地建筑边坡用地受限的难题,双排桩强有力的结构形式提高了悬臂式挡土高度,且双排桩盖板可兼作山地建筑的室外用地使用。

单相级联H桥整流器平方电压反馈控制算法

以单相级联H桥整流器为研究对象,对其控制策略进行了研究。首先在采用双闭环控制策略的基础上,构建了dq前馈解耦模型,并通过二阶广义积分算法改善了虚拟交流分量对系统的影响,实现了网侧电流对电压相位、频率的快速精确追踪。其次,对传统电压平衡控制算法进行了改进,通过对功率平衡关系的定义,将输出电压平方作为控制信号,增强了系统自适应能力,提高了系统在投切载时的动态性能。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件进行仿真,验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性。

C_(6)H自由基B^(2)Π-X^(2)Π的O_(0)^(0)带光谱的Λ型双重分裂和寿命展宽

本文利用狭缝超声射流等离子体结合高灵敏腔衰荡光谱在18990 cm^(-1)附近研究了C6H碳链自由基B^(2)Π-X^(2)Π电子跃迀000带谱带的高分辨光谱.通过采用一套自研的窄线宽纳秒脉冲激光光源,首次在实验上观测到了该电子跃迁谱带的A型转动线分裂,获得了B^(2)Π态精确的A型双重分裂光谱常数p’=-1.16(9)×10^(-3)cm^(-1)和q’=-1.22(7)×10^(-4)cm^(-1),并更精确地确定了考虑A型分裂后修正的B、D、γ等光谱常数.基于谱线线形展宽,获得了B^(2)Π的能级寿命~100±20 ps,并分析了其可能的来源机理.

Double Integrable Couplings and Their Constructing Method

To extend the study scopes of integrable couplings, the notion of double integrable couplings is proposed in the paper. The zero curvature equation appearing in the constructing method built in the paper consists of the elements of a new loop algebra which is obtained by using perturbation method. Therefore, the approach given in the paper has extensive applicable values, that is, it applies to investigate a lot of double integrable couplings of the known integrable hierarchies of evolution equations. As for explicit applications of the method proposed in the paper, the double integrable couplings of the AKNS hierarchy and the KN hierarchy are worked out, respectively.

External Bifurcations of Double Heterodimensional Cycles with One Orbit Flip

In this paper, external bifurcations of heterodimensional cycles connecting three saddle points with one orbit flip, in the shape of “∞”, are studied in three-dimensional vector field. We construct a poincaré return map between returning points in a transverse section by establishing a locally active coordinate system in the tubular neighborhood of unperturbed double heterodimensional cycles, through which the bifurcation equations are obtained under different conditions. Near the double heterodimensional cycles, the authors prove the preservation of “∞”-shape double heterodimensional cycles and the existence of the second and third shape heterodimensional cycle and a large 1-heteroclinic cycle connecting with P1 and P3. The coexistence of a 1-fold large 1-heteroclinic cycle and the “∞”-shape double heterodimensional cycles and the coexistence conditions are also given in the parameter space.

High energy storage density in NaNbO_(3) antiferroelectrics with double hysteresis loop

Antiferroelectrics(AFEs)possess great potential for high performance dielectric capacitors,due to their distinct double hysteresis loop with high maximum polarization and low remnant polarization.However,the well-known NaNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric(AFE)ceramic usually exhibits square-like P–E loop related to the irreversible AFE P phase to ferroelectric(FE)Q phase transition,yielding low recoverable energy storage density(Wrec).Herein,significantly improved Wrec up to 3.3 J/cm^(3) with good energy storage efficiency(η)of 42.4% was achieved in Na_(0.7)Ag_(0.3)Nb_(0.7)Ta_(0.3)O_(3)(30Agsingle bond30Ta)ceramic with well-defined double P–E loop,by tailoring the A-site electronegativity with Ag+and B-site polarizability with Ta^(5+).The Transmission Electron Microscope,Piezoresponse Force Microscope and in-situ Raman spectra results verified a good reversibility between AFE P phase and high-field-induced FE Q phase.The improved stability of AFE P phase,being responsible for the double P–E loop and improved Wrec,was attributed to the decreased octahedral tilting angles and cation displacements.This mechanism was revealed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Scanning Transmission Electron microscope.This work provides a good paradigm for achieving double P–E loop and high energy storage density in NaNbO_(3)-based ceramics.

单相级联H桥整流器电压平衡与纹波抑制策略研究

对传统单相级联H桥整流器主电路加以改进,增加了功率解耦桥臂,建立了数学模型,并对电压平衡和纹波抑制策略进行了研究。首先,整体回路采用双闭环控制,通过二阶广义积分方法优化了基波信号的提取方案;其次,对系统功率平衡关系进行推导,建立网侧电流和电容电压平方的一次关系模型,并引入可变比例环节,有效提升系统抵御参数变化的鲁棒性;然后,采用独立式Buck型有源功率解耦控制策略,通过运算实时分配解耦桥臂开关管占空比,设计自适应选频器分离二次纹波信号,实现对直流母线二次纹波电压脉动的抑制。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink软件进行试验验证,所提方法能够有效地解决电压平衡和二次纹波功率抑制问题。

Explore the Mystery of the Origin of the Double Helix and the Biomembrane

In nature, the most possible reason that helix is chosen as the basic structure of life molecule is based on its simplest chiral three-dimensional structure. The process of the conversion from chemical molecules to double helical molecules is completed by the topology effect which belongs to the simplest way to form helix, and no external power is needed;moreover, the energy of double helix has fixed drive direction [1]. The dual-branch loop helix (II)—the transition state of double helix has many uses, for example, it can be turned to double helix, and it may be broken into two fragments of a and b which can construct more complicated structures. So the dual- branch loop helix (II) can provide special "building block" of assembling biomembrane and other life molecules.

DISTRIBUTED OPTIMAL LOCAL DOUBLE LOOP NETWORK

A distibuted optimal local double loop(DOLDL) network is presented. Emphasis is laid on the topology and distributed routing algorithms for the DOLDL. On the basis of building an abstract model, a set of definitions and theorems are described and proved. An algorithm which can optimize the double loop networks is presented. The optimal values of the topologic parameters for the DOLDL have been obtained by the algorithm, and these numerical results are analyzed. The study shows that the bounds of the optimal diameter (d) and average hop distance (a) for this class of networks are [square-root 3N -2] less-than-or-equal-to d less-than-or-equal-to [square-root 3N+1] and (5N/9(N-1)) (square-root 3N-1.8) < a < (5N/9 (N-1)). (square-root 3N - 0.23), respectively (N is the number of nodes in the network. (3 less-than-or-equal-to N less-than-or-equal-to 10(4)). A class of the distributed routing algorithms for the DOLDL and the implementation procedure of an adaptive fault-tolerant algorithm are proposed. The correctness of the algorithm has been also verified by simulating.