用H-S波前传感器测量穿过超声速流场的激光像差特性

用Hartmann-Shack(H-S)波前传感器可以准确测量穿过超声速流场的激光波面及其变化过程,进一步计算可以获得光束质心漂移、远场分布等数据。给出了H-S方法测量穿过超声速流场激光波面的原理,采用模式法进行了波前重构,计算了在几种流场条件下的激光波面像差特性PV值,RMS值和Zernike像差系数、Strehl比和环围能量曲线等。结果表明,H-S法可以很好地反映流场建立、稳定和结束过程中Zernike像差的变化。比较无流场和给定参数的超声速流场,激光穿越后产生的最明显的像差变化为离焦和低阶像散的增大。在相同流场参数下,无模型时光束质量好于有模型时光束质量。

穿越流场激光像差特性的动态测量——H-S波前传感器方法

用H-S(Hartmann-Shack)波前传感器可以精确测量穿过超声速流场的激光动态波面及其变化过程,进一步计算还可以获得光束质心漂移、远场分布等数据。讨论了利用H-S波前传感器测量穿过超声速流场激光波面的原理,并采用模式法进行波前重构,得到了在几种流场条件下的激光波面像差特性如PV和RMS、各阶Zernike像差系数,环围能量分布和Strehl比等。结果表明,采用H-S传感器进行测量、并用模式法进行波前重构可以较好反映流场建立、稳定和结束过程中各阶Zernike像差的变化。比较无流场和给定参数的超声速流场,激光穿越后产生的最明显变化为离焦A3和低阶像散A5的增大。

基于H-S波前传感器的正支共焦腔调腔方法的研究

采用H-S波前传感器对于非稳腔进行了实验调腔技术研究,指出了正支共焦腔调腔的原则,以输出光束近场强度和相位分布这一双重依据作为谐振腔是否调好的标准。进行非稳腔调腔时,首先应当保证整个光路共光轴使输出强度分布均匀,但此时光束中可能还包含离焦等高阶像差,因此在腔外用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器进行光束相位测量,得到了35阶像差Zernike系数、波面PV和RMS值,进一步计算得到远场分布和环围能量曲线等。从而可以全面了解输出光束质量,并能有针对性地对光腔进行调整,从而达到较理想的光腔调整共轴状态。

基于H-S波前传感器的高能激光材料热效应参量测试

为了实现高能激光材料热效应参量的在线测试,设计了一套50mm口径的测量装置。装置采用准直He-Ne激光为光源,准直光经激光材料后的光程差用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器检测。根据波像差分解理论及波前变换关系,获得了高能激光材料热效应参量。分析评估了装置的扩展测量不确定度,对影响测量不确定度的系统参量进行了校准,最后设计并完成了测量不确定度对比验证实验。结果表明,系统波前畸变测量不确定度为0.06λ,30m^120m范围热焦距的扩展测量不确定度为8.4%。该系统能有效地用于高能激光材料热效应参量的在线测试。

基于H-S波前传感器的正支共焦腔准直技术研究

采用H-S波前传感器对非稳腔进行了实验调腔技术研究,指出了正支共焦腔调腔的原则,以输出光束近场强度和相位分布这一双重依据作为谐振腔是否调好的标准。进行非稳腔调腔时,首先应当保证整个光路共光轴使输出强度分布均匀,但此时光束中可能还包含离焦等高阶像差,因此在腔外用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器进行光束相位测量,得到了35阶像差Zernike系数、波面PV和RMS值,进一步计算得到环围能量曲线等,从而可以全面了解输出光束质量并能有针对性地对光腔进行调整,达到较理想的光腔共轴状态。

模拟H-S传感器进行波前重构新方法

提出了一种软件模拟H-S传感器进行波前重构的新方法。根据重构矩阵与待测波前无关的性质,利用软件动态生成模拟的H-S传感器,并结合图像处理技术,分析经小孔采样后的子孔径光斑阵列,从而重构出实际待测光斑的波阵面。这种方法采用间接光斑测量体制,能够直接测量大口径光斑的波前分布;同时模拟H-S传感器的大小和采样点数根据选取的小孔板动态可变,能够适应不同精度要求的测量。

采用H-S波前传感器探测虚共焦非稳腔输出光束波前像差

在腔内失调理论分析基础上,实验研究了无源虚共焦非稳腔失调前、后输出光束波前像差特性。结果表明,用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器进行探测,并用模式法进行波前重构可以较好反映输出光束波前像差,虚共焦腔耦合输出调腔光的波前Zernike像差主要集中在前15阶,其中比较显著的像差有离焦Z3、低阶像散Z4和Z5、以及球差Z10。且腔内倾斜扰动对光束强度分布有显著的影响,可能引起某些Zernike高阶像差如离焦、慧差和像散的增加,但首先带来的是Zernike倾斜像差的增大。因此在作腔内像差补偿时,应首先考虑腔内倾斜像差的补偿。

扇形子孔径布局H-S传感器对圆域的探测性能研究

通过Zernike模式波前重构算法进行计算机仿真计算,对扇形子孔径布局的Hartmann-Shack波前传感器探测性能进行仿真研究,对比分析了方形子孔径布局Hartmann-Shack波前传感器的探测性能。结果表明,扇形子孔径布局是一种有效的Hartmann-Shack波前传感器的布局方式,在低子孔径密度且孔径数目差异不多的条件下,比方形孔径布局探测精度更高。

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.

Active wavefront shaping for controlling and improving multimode fi ber sensor

Wavefront shaping(WFS)techniques have been used as a powerful tool to control light propagation in complex media,including multimode fibers.In this paper,we propose a new application of WFS for multimode fber-based sensors.The use of a single multimode fiber alone,without any special fabrication,as a sensor based on the light intensity variations is not an easy task.The twist effect on multimode fiber is used as an example herein.Experimental results show that light intensity through the multimode fiber shows no direct relationship with the twist angle,but the correlation coefficient(CC)of speckle patterns does.Moreover,if WFS is applied to transform the spatially seemingly random light pattern at the exit of the multimode fiber into an optical focus.The focal pattern correlation and intensity both can serve to gauge the twist angle,with doubled measurement range and allowance of using a fast point detector to provide the feedback.With further development,WFS may find potentials to facilitate the development of multimode fber-based sensors in a variety of scenarios.

H-S波前传感器时域采样频率对探测误差的影响

波前传感器是自适应光学系统的重要组成部分。讨论了ＨａｒｔｍａｎｎＳｈａｃｋ（ＨＳ）波前传感器的采样频率对探测误差的影响，理论分析结果说明，时域采样频率引入的探测误差是ＨＳ波前传感器的重要误差源，其大小随时域采样频率的增大而下降。

Simultaneous quantification of longitudinal and transverse ocular chromatic aberrations with Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor

A simple method to objectively and simultaneously measure eye's longitudinal and transverse chromatic aberrations was proposed.A dual-wavelength wavefront measurement system using two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors was developed.The wavefronts of the red(639.1 nm)and near-infrared(786.0 nm)lights were measured simultaneously for different positions in the model eye.The chromatic wavefronts were converted into Zernike polynomials.The Zernike tilt cofficient(irst term)was used to calculate the transverse chromatic aberration along the ax-direction,while the Zernike defocus coefficient(fourth term)was used to calculate the longi-tudinal chromatic aberration.The measurement and simulation data were consistent.

High signal-to-noise ratio sensing with Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor based on auto gain control of electron multiplying CCD

High signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved with the electron multiplying charge-coupled-device（EMCCD） applied in the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor（S–H WFS） in adaptive optics（AO）.However,when the brightness of the target changes in a large scale,the fixed electron multiplying（EM） gain will not be suited to the sensing limitation.Therefore an auto-gain-control method based on the brightness of light-spots array in S–H WFS is proposed in this paper.The control value is the average of the maximum signals of every light spot in an array,which has been demonstrated to be kept stable even under the influence of some noise and turbulence,and sensitive enough to the change of target brightness.A goal value is needed in the control process and it is predetermined based on the characters of EMCCD.Simulations and experiments have demonstrated that this auto-gain-control method is valid and robust,the sensing SNR reaches the maximum for the corresponding signal level,and especially is greatly improved for those dim targets from 6 to 4 magnitude in the visual band.

H-S波前传感器在大尺寸测量中的应用研究

针对目前激光大尺寸测量系统中的空气扰动问题,提出一种采用波前探测和图像恢复技术相结合的解决方法。该方法采用Hartman-Shack波前探测器,直接应用Zernike多项式来波前重构,然后运用图像解卷积运算进行图像恢复,以减小和消除测量激光束因大气扰动而产生的抖动、变形,从而提高测量精度。

哈特曼-夏克波前传感器高精度球面波标定方法研究

为解决哈特曼-夏克波前传感器传统标定方法存在的测量精度低、稳定性不足等问题,提出了一种基于球面波的哈特曼-夏克波前传感器高精度绝对标定方法。通过理论推导获取了球面波的高精度标定方法,结合搭建的球面波标定实验装置,对子孔径数为128×128的哈特曼-夏克波前传感器完成高精度标定。该方法计算得到了哈特曼-夏克波前传感器结构参数f,w以及L_(0)的精确值。对标定后的哈特曼-夏克波前传感器的测量精度进行测试,实验结果表明,经本文方法标定后的哈特曼-夏克波前传感器的波前复原精度达到了PV=1.376×10^(-2)λ,RMS=4×10^(-3)λ(λ=625 nm),重复性精度为PV=3.2×10^(-3)λ,RMS=9.76×10^(-4)λ(λ=625 nm)。该方法可以为大口径的SHWFS完成高精度标定,提升测量精度。

一种智能多功能车库的设计

阐述了基于STM32微控制器的多功能车位的设计与实现方法。从传统智能车库的不足出发,详细讨论了多功能车库的硬件组成并给出了软件设计的方法。该系统主要由STM32微控制器、定位系统、烟雾传感器、灭火装置和洗车装置等组成。STM32微控制器作为核心控制单元,负责实现各项功能的协调与控制。实现了车主自动定位车辆所在位置及自动灭火、洗车的功能。同时,在软件设计方面,我们采用了先进的算法和控制策略。经过实践验证,本设计的功能已经得到有效实现,车辆自动定位及灭火中的烟雾检测基本达到了标准的同时,也降低了系统成本,可靠性较高,人机交互便利。

Large dynamic range Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor based on adaptive spot matching

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(SHWS)is widely used for high-speed,precise,and stable wavefront measurements.However,conventional SHWSs encounter a limitation in that the focused spot from each microlens is restricted to a single microlens,leading to a limited dynamic range.Herein,we propose an adaptive spot matching(ASM)-based SHWS to extend the dynamic range.This approach involves seeking an incident wavefront that best matches the detected spot distribution by employing a Hausdorff-distance-based nearest-distance matching strategy.The ASM-SHWS enables comprehensive spot matching across the entire imaging plane without requiring initial spot correspondences.Furthermore,due to its global matching capability,ASM-SHWS can maintain its capacity even if a portion of the spots are missing.Experiments showed that the ASM-SHWS could measure a high-curvature spherical wavefront with a local slope of 204.97 mrad,despite a 12.5%absence of spots.This value exceeds that of the conventional SHWS by a factor of 14.81.

光学波前传感技术研究进展

光学波前是光波相位面的几何表示,光学波前传感技术通过检测光波传播路径中的相位变化来分析物体的性质。该技术广泛应用于大气湍流检测、光学元件缺陷分析、生物样品研究等领域,在天文学、自适应光学、显微成像、激光系统和生物医学等方面具有重要作用。然而,常见探测器仅对光强度敏感,为了探测光学波前,通常需要在探测前端使用一系列复杂的光学元件,这导致系统体积庞大、成本高昂且结构复杂。近年来,随着微纳光学和人工智能等领域的不断进展,涌现出一系列基于新原理、新器件和新算法的集成化、小型化和高性能的光学波前传感技术。该论文系统综述了近期光学波前传感技术的研究进展,并根据其原理将其分为干涉型和非干涉型两大类,具体包括剪切干涉型、光栅干涉型、近场干涉型、算法重构型和维度关联型等技术。最后,总结了当前领域尚存的挑战,并展望了未来可能的研究方向。

扫描式眼波前像差系统的夏克–哈特曼波前传感器质心探测研究

针对扫描式眼波前像差系统难以消除所有视角方向系统噪声的问题,提出了一种在大噪声条件下准确定位光斑阵列的质心并进行波前重建的方法。首先使用中值滤波与数学形态学方法对图像进行全局处理;接着使用改进的最大间类方差方法选取每个子孔径的阈值;然后通过Suzuki轮廓跟踪算法确定需要计算的光斑窗口;最后结合所提出的中值面积法精确定位光斑质心。通过对比发现,传统方法对此类大噪声条件下的真实光斑已无法进行判别,而新提出的方法可以进行正确识别,重建波前的PV值误差小于0.015λ,RMS小于0.001λ,说明该方法的准确度与稳定性明显优于传统方法。

结合光学掩模调制的鼠眼像差精确测量

进行波前探测时,标准动物模型小鼠的眼底视网膜双层反射光会导致像差探测失效。为解决这一问题,本文提出了一种结合光学掩模调制的鼠眼像差测量方法,以期提高鼠眼波前像差测量精度。首先,根据鼠眼视网膜的关键参数,建立鼠眼波前像差探测的光学系统模型并进行光学仿真。然后,分析比较不同孔径的光学掩模对视网膜非目标层反射光束的遮拦效果,确定光学掩模参数与实验方案。最后,搭建鼠眼波前像差探测系统并开展在体鼠眼波前像差的测量实验。实验结果表明:0.5 mm孔径的光学掩模可以将鼠眼波前像差的测量均方根误差降低74.9%,与理论仿真的80%区域实现非目标层反射光遮拦效果近似。本文研究实现了对鼠眼视网膜非目标层反射光的有效遮拦,提升了鼠眼波前像差探测精度,为进一步实现鼠眼高分辨率成像奠定了基础。