Impact of the Inlet Flow Angle and Outlet Placement on the Indoor Air Quality

This study aims to optimize the influence of the inlet inclination angle on the Indoor Air Quality(IAQ),heat,and temperature distribution in mixed convection within a two-dimensional square cavityfilled with an air-CO_(2)mixture.The air-CO_(2)mixture enters the cavity through two inlet openings positioned at the top wall,which is set at the ambient temperature(TC).Three values of the Reynolds numbers,ranging from 1000 to 2000,are considered,while the Prandtl number is kept constant(Pr=0.71).The temperature distribution and streamlines are shown for Rayleigh number(Ra)equal to 104,three inlet inclination anglesϕ(0,π/6 andπ/4)and three CO_(2)concentrations values(1500,2500,3500 ppm)applied at both hot vertical walls(maintained at a constant temperature TH).Afinite volume method is used under the assumption of two-dimensional laminarflow to solve the NavierStokes and energy equations.The results indicate that inlet inclination angle has an impact on the indoor air quality(IAQ),which,in turn,affects the heat transfer distribution and thermal comfort within the cavity.

Investigation on pulsed discharge mode in SF6-C2H6 mixtures

The non-chain chemical HF(DF)laser is one of the most powerful electrically-driven lasers operating in mid-infrared,in which SF6-C2H6 mixtures are often used as lasering media.Due to the electronegativity of SF6,the discharge in SF6-C2H6 presents a complicated discharge mode.To achieve reproducible pulsed laser output,pulsed discharge in SF6-C2H6 mixtures is investigated for discharge mode using plane electrodes assisted by array pre-ionization spark pins in cathode surface.Firstly,two modes can be distinguished.One mode is called the selfsustained volume discharge(SSVD),which is characterized by spatial uniformity in the discharge gap and pulse to pulse repeatability.On the contrary,another mode includes random arc passages in the discharge gap and therefore cannot conduct lasering.By varying discharge conditions(gap voltage,gas pressure,etc)two discharge modes are observed.Secondly,the holding scope of the SSVD mode is analyzed for the optimal mixture ratio of 20:1,and the boundary tend of the holding scope of SSVD indicates there exists maximum gas pressure and maximum charging voltage for SSVD.Finally,the peak current of SSVD relates positively to charging voltage,while negatively to gas pressure,from which it is drawn that synchronous electron avalanches initiated by the sliding array overlap spatially into SSVD and thus SSVD is essentially an α ionization avalanche.

H_2/Air连续旋转爆震波的起爆及传播过程试验

在环缝-喷孔对撞式喷注模型发动机上,采用H2/O2热射流切向喷注的起爆方式,进行了H2/Air组合的连续旋转爆震试验,试验成功起爆并实现了爆震波的持续旋转传播。切向喷注的热射流并没有直接诱导形成旋转爆震波,从点火到形成稳定传播的旋转爆震波之间存在时间间隔。对高频信号的时频分析结果表明,在该试验工况下,旋转爆震波的传播过程非常稳定,其传播频率为5.5～5.95 kHz,平均传播频率为5.75 kHz,对应的平均传播速度为1716.4m/s,为理论预测值的91.14%。在没有测量高频压力的情况下开展了长程试验,结果表明,连续旋转爆震波也可以在更长的时间范围内稳定工作。

H_2/Air连续旋转爆震发动机推力测试(Ⅱ)-双波模态下的推力

在环缝-喷孔对撞式喷射的H2/Air连续旋转爆震模型发动机上实现双波自持。详细分析了连续旋转爆震波以双波模态自持传播的典型波形特征和时域、频域特征。测量了模型发动机工作在双波形模态下所产生的一维推力,讨论了比冲等推力性能。时频特性和推力积分表明:出口背压为大气压时,在空气流量786.6g·s-1,氢气流量20g·s-1,当量比为0.8733的工况下,模型发动机以平均传播频率10.5809k Hz,平均传播速度1578.9m·s-1的双波模态稳定工作超过650ms。产生可靠的有效推力约808.5N。以火箭模式计算,有效排气速度为1002.3m·s-1,总比冲为102.3s;以冲压模式计算,有效排气速度(氢气消耗率)为40425m·s-1,燃料比冲为4125s,所消耗氢气的单位面积质量流率为13404g·m-2·s-1,单位推力为1027.8m·s-1。相比于单波模态,双波模态使得燃烧室内压力更为均匀,高频推力曲线振荡幅值小。爆震波头个数增多有利于推力稳定。

Effect of H_2S Flow Rate and Concentration on Performance of H_2S/Air Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

A solid state H2S/air electrochemical cell having the configuration of H2S, (MoS2+NiS+Ag)/YSZ/Pt, air has been examined with different H2S flow rates and concentrations at atmospheric pressure and 750-850 ℃. Performance of the fuel cell was dependent on anode compartment H2S flow rate and concentration. The cell open-circuit voltage increased with increasing H2S flow rate. It was found that increasing both H2S flow rate and H2S concentration improved current-voltage and power density performance. This is resulted from improved gas diffusion in anode and increased concentration of anodic electroactive species. Operation at elevated H2S concentration improved the cell performance at a given gas flow rate. However, as low as 5% H2S in gas mixture can also be utilized as fuel feed to cells. Highest current and power densities, 17500mA·cm-2 and 200mW·cm-2, are obtained with pure H2S flow rate of 50ml·min-1 and air flow rate of 100ml·min-1 at 850℃.

Optimal activated carbon for separation of CO_2 from(H_2 + CO_2) gas mixture

Seven types of activated carbon were used to investigate the effect of their structure on separation of CO2 from（H2 ＋ CO2） gas mixture by the adsorption method at ambient temperature and higher pressures. The results showed that the limiting factors for separation of CO2 from 53.6 mol% H2 ＋ 46.4 mol% CO2 mixture and from 85.1 mol% H2 ＋ 14.9 mol% CO2 mixture were different at 20 °C and about 2 MPa. The best separation result could be achieved when the pore diameter of the activated carbon ranged from 0.77 to 1.20 nm, and the median particle size was about2.07 lm for 53.6 mol% H2 ＋ 46.4 mol% CO2 mixture and 1.41 lm for 85.1 mol% H2 ＋ 14.9 mol% CO2 mixture. The effect of specific area and pore diameter of activated carbon on separation CO2 from 53.6 mol% H2 ＋ 46.4 mol% CO2 mixture was more significant than that from 85.1 mol% H2 ＋ 14.9 mol% CO2 mixture. CO2 in the gas phase can be decreased from 46.4 mol% to 2.3 mol%–4.3 mol% with a two-stage separation process.

Corrosion of Y, Fe and Fe-15Y in H_2-H_2S Mixture under 10^(-3)Pa S_2 at 600～800℃

The corrosion of an Fe-based alloy containing 15 wt pct Y in H2-H2S mixtures under 10-3 Pa S2 was studied at 600~800℃ in an attempt to find materials with improved sulphidation resistance with respect to pure Fe. The presence of Y has been shown to be beneflcial, but not sufficient to the level expected. In fact, the alloy is able to form at all tested temperatures an external FeS layer, beneath which a zone containing a mixture of the two sulphides is also present. Thus,Fe can still diffuse through this region to form the outer FeS layer with non-negligible rate. The corrosion rate of Fe is considerably reduced by the Y addition. but the alloy corrodes still much more rapidly than Y. The sulphidation kinetics is generally rather irregular for both the pure metals, while the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases with time and tends to become parabolic after an initial period of 12~17 h. The sulphidation behaviour of the alloys is discussed by taking into account the presence of an intermetallic compound Fe17Y2 and the limited solubility of Y in Fe

The Effect of Pressure on the Dissociation of H_2/CH_4Gas Mixture during Diamond Films Growth via Chemical Vapor Deposition

Monte Carlo simulations are adopted to study the electron motion in the mixture of H2 and CH4 during diamond synthesis via Glow Plasma-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (GPCVD). The non-uniform electric field is used and the avalanche of electrons is taken into account in this simulation. The average energy distribution of electrons and the space distribution of effective species such as CH3, CH+3, CH+ and H at various gas pressures are given in this paper, and optimum experimental conditions are inferred from these results.

N80钢在CO_2/H_2S高温高压环境中的腐蚀行为

利用交流阻抗和极化曲线 ,在模拟含CO2 /H2 S的高温高压环境中实时监测了N80油管钢的腐蚀行为 ,辅以扫描电镜和X 衍射分析 ,探讨了CO2 和H2 S对油管钢的联合腐蚀作用。研究结果表明 :在 1 18MPaCO2 和 0 0 1MPaH2 S混合气体腐蚀环境中 ,N80钢以H2 S腐蚀为主 ,与CO2 腐蚀相比较 ,加入H2 S后腐蚀的阴、阳极反应加快 ,腐蚀产物膜具有较强的保护性 ,阻碍了反应物质的传输 ,使均匀腐蚀速率下降 ;硫化物的缺陷会导致局部腐蚀的发生 ,但FeCO3和CaCO3等二次产物的紧密填充 ,使得局部腐蚀受到一定程度的抑制。

高密度流体He+H_2混合物物态方程研究

选择高密度流体He +H2 混合物作为研究对象 ,用Ree混合规则和vanderWaals单组分流体变分微扰理论加量子力学一级修正模型编制计算程序。作为对计算模型及其程序的检验 ,首先用已有的α exp 6优化势参数 ,计算了T =30 0K的He +H2 混合物的等温相平衡线 ,得到了与实验值和分子动力学 (MD)数值模拟一致的结果 ,然后进一步计算了 0～ 60GPa和 5 0～ 70 0 0K压力温度范围内的流体He+H2 混合物 (He∶H2 分别为 1∶1、1∶3、3∶1摩尔比 )的高压物态方程。与Monte Carlo模拟数据所进行的比较表明 ,在低温下 。

Toward accurate density and interfacial tension modeling for carbon dioxide/water mixtures

Phase behavior of carbon dioxide/water binary mixtures plays an important role in various CO2-based industry processes. This work aims to screen a thermodynamic model out of a number of promising candidate models to capture the vapor–liquid equilibria, liquid–liquid equilibria, and phase densities of CO2/H2O mixtures. A comprehensive analysis reveals that Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) (Peng and Robinson 1976), Twu α function (Twu et al. 1991), Huron–Vidal mixing rule (Huron and Vidal 1979), and Abudour et al. (2013) volume translation model (Abudour et al. 2013) is the best model among the ones examined;it yields average absolute percentage errors of 5.49% and 2.90% in reproducing the experimental phase composition data and density data collected in the literature. After achieving the reliable modeling of phase compositions and densities, a new IFT correlation based on the aforementioned PR EOS model is proposed through a nonlinear regression of the measured IFT data collected from the literature over 278.15–477.59 K and 1.00–1200.96 bar. Although the newly proposed IFT correlation only slightly improves the prediction accuracy yielded by the refitted Chen and Yang (2019)’s correlation (Chen and Yang 2019), the proposed correlation avoids the inconsistent predictions present in Chen and Yang (2019)’s correlation and yields smooth IFT predictions.

Hydrogen Engine and Numerical Temperature-Entropy Chart for Hydrogen/Air Cycle Analysis

Fast depletion of fossil fuels with its resources already passed its mid depletion region and the pollution levels already reached unsafe levels which make it utmost necessity to search for alternative fuels to meet sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. Among alternative fuels, hydrogen is considered as the near future, long term renewable, sustainable and non-polluting fuel. In the present paper, hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine fundamentals highlighted and presented relating to hydrogen combustion properties. A Mat lab programmed hydrogen temperature-entropy-energy chart is developed and presented for fresh charge and products of combustion at different excess air factors per mole combustion gases. The chart, then, used to represent a SI hydrogen-fueled fuel/air cycle analysis, which proved to be valuable design tool for engine sizing and for prediction of engine performance. Predictions carried out using the hydrogen F/A cycle analysis at different λ show low brake specific fuel consumption and low volume specific power compared with conventional SI engine.

一种SF_(6)/N_(2)混合气体专用阀的设计与验证

为适应国家电网六氟化硫/氮气(SF_(6)/N_(2))混合气体绿色环保组合电器推广应用,设计了一款混合气体专用阀。阀主要运用了弹性元件自动复位性能实现开关功能;应用软密封、硬密封以及相互结合的密封形式实现阀密封的可靠性、有效性;采用橡胶硫化工艺实现阀的内部密封系统的可靠性;通过机械限位的方式控制阀的最大开度,并以此保护弹性元件的完好性及有效功能;对于阀的材料也提出要求满足电力设备严苛的使用工况的要求。试验结果证明了该文设计的阀符合设计要求,各项性能良好,满足GIS设备发展需要。

氕氘比C_H/C_D的四极质谱计测量

研究采用ELITESXP 5 0型低分辨率四极质谱计 (QMS)在不制备HD标样的条件下精确测量并计算混合气体中的氕氘分压比CH/CD 的方法。标定结果表明 :QMS对H2 及D2 的响应与氕、氘气体压力呈良好线性 ,且有直线斜率K(H2 ) =2K(D2 )的关系 ,并据此推断K(HD) =1.5K (D2 )。对已知氕氘摩尔比为 1 0 1～ 4.0 2的混合气体试样进行了测定 ,计算得到混合气体中的CH/CD 比与给定值间的相对偏差小于 4 0 %。用CD/CH=1.0 5的标准混合气体进行了方法验证 ,4次测定的CD/CH 平均值为1 0 7,与标准值的相对偏差为 1 9%。验证实验证实 :所推断出的K(HD) =1.5K(D2 )关系是可靠的 ,利用此型号四极质谱计可较精确地测定氕、氘混合气体中的氕氘比CH/CD。

SF_6/N_2混合气体纯度检测系统的研究（英文）

为了快速、准确地检测出SF_6/N_2混合气体各组分浓度,考虑微量空气的渗入对其影响,给出了一种恒温控制下基于微流量热导传感器的SF6/N2浓度检测方法,并结合电化学传感器的微量O_2浓度检测原理,设计出了应用于现场分析的混合气体各组分浓度检测的整体方案,并对其进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:在传感器有效测试浓度范围内,此系统检测精度高(全量程平均测量误差±1%以内)、响应速度快、重复性好、性能稳定。

Theoretical investigations on heat transfer to H2O/CO2 mixtures in supercritical region

The supercritical H2O/CO2 mixture is the working fluid to drive a turbine in a novel power generation system with coal gasified in supercritical water.This system is promising because of zero pollution emission in contrast to the conventional coal-fired power plant.Heat transfer coefficients of the supercritical H2O/CO2 mixtures are important to design heat transfer devices in this system,which is similar to the role of heat transfer to supercritical water in conventional systems.However,heat transfer to supercritical mixtures has received less attention.Here,we show that the supercritical mixtures with H2O being one of the components,have similar convection heat transfer behavior to supercritical pure fluids for temperatures and pressures above the critical point of H2O.This phenomenon was demonstrated from two aspects.Firstly,the forced convection heat transfer coefficients of supercritical mixtures were numerically calculated using the simulation model for supercritical pure fluids and using the thermophysical properties(density,heat capacity,thermal conductivity and viscosity)of supercritical mixtures as input.The calculated results agree well with experimental data in the supercritical region.Secondly,the calculated results also agree well with the correlations for supercritical pure fluids.The mechanisms were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations on the diffusion of supercritical mixtures.These results lay the foundation for predicting convection heat transfer coefficients of supercritical mixtures and for designing heat transfer devices with supercritical mixtures as heat transfer fluids.

悬浮放电下微氧及气压对C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体分解特性的影响

随着"碳达峰、碳中和"目标的提出,SF_(6)替代型环保C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体得到了广泛关注。为探究不同微氧和气压下C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体悬浮放电分解特性,开展了一系列气体分解实验,利用色谱质谱联用仪和脉冲氦离子化检测器色谱仪对分解产物进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明:在氧气体积分数为0%~10%和气压为0.25~0.65 MPa时,C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体主要分解产物为CF4、C_(2)F_(6)、C_(3)F_(6)、C_(3)F_(8)、CNCN和CF_(3)CN;随着氧气体积分数的增加,主要分解产物生成量的变化趋势均呈"U"型,氧气体积分数为4%时对气体分解的抑制效应最为明显;C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体分解产物生成量与气压呈负相关,C_(3)F_(6)和C_(3)F_(8)等大分子相较如CF4、C_(2)F_(6)等小分子在高气压下更难产生;不含氧气时C_(3)F_(6)/C_(3)F_(8)体积比值和0.25 MPa下C_(2)F_(6)/C_(3)F_(6)体积比值基本保持不变,适合作为这两类工况的悬浮放电特征量,在对悬浮放电进行类型识别时,必须考虑氧气体积分数和气压的影响并进行校正。

SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF 4-[(4-HYDROXYBENZYLIDENE)AMINO]PHENOL AND ITS POLYMER

The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 4-[（4-hydroxybenzylidene） amino] phenol （4-HBAP） were studied with H2O2, air oxygen and NaOCl in an aqueous alkaline medium between 50 and 90℃. The structures of the obtained monomer and polymer were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H- and 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. The characterization was made by TG-DTA, size exclusion chromatography （SEC） and solubility tests. At the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of poly[4-（4-hydroxybenzylidene amino） phenol] （P-4-HBAP） was found to be 48.3% （for H2O2 oxidant）, 80.5% （for air O2 oxidant） and 86.4% （for NaOCl oxidant）. According to the SEC analysis, the number-average molecular weight （Mn）, weight-average molecular weight （Mw） and polydispersity index （PDI） values of P-4-HBAP was found to be 8950, 10970 g tool^-1 and 1.225, respectively, using H202; and l l610, 15190 g tool^-1 and 1.308 respectively, using air 02 and 7900, 9610 g mol^-1 and 1.216, respectively, using NaOC1. According to TG-DTA analyses, P-4-HBAP was more stable than 4-HBAP against thermal decomposition. The weight loss of P-4-HBAP was found to be 49.27% at 1000℃. The highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （LUMO） values calculated from electrochemical measurement. Electrochemical energy gaps （Eg＇） of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were found to be -5.46, -5.28; -2.26, -2.67; 3.20 and 2.61 eV, respectively. According to UV-Vis measurements, optical band gap （Eg） of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were found to be 3.34 and 3.01 eV, respectively. Also, antimicrobial activities of 4-HBAP and P-4-HBAP were examined against selected some bacteria. The electrical conductivity of the polymer was measured after doping with iodine.

Potential Effects on Human Health of Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure in a Place in Southeast of Mexico

Ambient concentrations of H2S were determined by modeling the H2S emissions dispersion for three sites located in the surroundings of oil and gas maritime terminal at the southeast of Mexico. Hazard quotient is reported for different age groups. Paraiso City in Tabasco State reported the highest values for over 19 years old group (0.49). It was concluded that there was no threat to human health due to H2S emissions derived from the maritime terminal for the studied sites.

H_2/n-C_4H_(10)/Air预混气在Swiss-Roll燃烧器中的催化燃烧特性

在微尺度催化燃烧中,由于燃料和氧气对于催化剂表面活性位的竞争,导致了可燃下限为富燃的情况。为了提高燃料利用率,拓宽可燃范围,本文在正丁烷/空气的混合气中加入一定量的氢气,在Swiss-roll燃烧器内研究了氢气/正丁烷/空气预混气的燃烧特性。结果表明,氢气能够有效拓宽正丁烷的可燃范围,可燃下限能够低于1,以贫燃的条件实现高燃料利用率。对于稳定燃烧温度的实验结果表明,燃烧器最高温度出现在富燃料一侧。