Preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers with high aspect ratios in presence of a minor amount of CuCl_2·2H_2O

In order to produceα-calcium sulfate hemihydrate(α-CaSO4·0.5H2O)whiskers with high aspect ratios,a minor amount of CuCl2·2H2O was used as the modifying agent in the process of hydrothermal treatment of calcium sulfate dihydrate(CaSO4·2H2O)precursor.The presence of 2.60×10–3 mol/L CuCl2·2H2O resulted in the increase of the aspect ratios ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers from 81 to 253.The preferential adsorption of Cu2+on the negative{110}and{100}facets ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O crystal structures was confirmed by EDS and XPS.And ATR-FTIR demonstrated the ligand adsorption of Cu2+on the surface ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers.The experimental results reveal that the whiskers with high aspect ratios are attributed to the adsorption of Cu2+,which promotes the 1-D growth ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers along the c axis.

Contacted Ion Pairs in Aqueous CuCl2 by the Combination of Ratio Spectra, Difference Spectra, Second Order Difference Spectra in the UV-Visible Spectra

The microstructure of aqueous CuCl2 has been studied through lots of technologies for many years; however, it remains a controversial subject. In this study, a new spectroscopic method has been proposed to analyze the UV-visible spectra of thin fihn of CuCl2/H2O solutions at different concentrations. This method is the combination of ratio spectra, difference spectra and second order difference spectra. By using this method, two new bands at -230 and -380 nm are obviously observed. The bands are assigned as the contacted ion pairs [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2-, which demonstrates that ion pairs exist in the CuCl2/H2O solution. Such finding agrees with the recent theoretical spectra obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, the populations of the contacted ion pairs are discussed. This study not only offers the direct spectroscopic evidence of [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2- in aqueous CuCl2, but also suggests that the spec- troscopic analysis method is powerful to extract the weak bands in a strong overlapping spectrum.

Ab initio Study of the Potential Energy Surface and Product Branching Ratios for Reaction of O（^1D） with C2H5CI

The potential energy surface of O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction was studied using QCISD（T）/6- 311＋＋G（d,p）//MP2/6-31G（d,p） method. The calculations reveal an insertion-elimination mechanism. The insertion reaction of O（^1D） and C2H5Cl produces two energy-rich intermediates, IM1 and IM2, which subsequently decompose into various products. The calculations of the branching ratios of various products formed through the two intermediates were carried out using RRKM （Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus） theory at the collision energies of 0, 20.9, 41.8, 62.7, 83.6, 104.5, and 125.4 kJ/mol. HCl is the main decomposition product for IM1; CH2OH is the main decomposition product for IM2. Since IM1 is more stable than IM2, HCl is probably the main product of the O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction.

糖尿病视网膜病变患者餐后2 h血糖升高对眼底图像中动静脉宽度比的影响

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)升高对眼底图像中动静脉宽度比(AVR)的影响。方法选取DR患者316例,均行标准75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)检测空腹血糖(FPG)和餐后2 h PG,根据餐后血糖变化幅度(2 h PG-FPG)将所有研究对象按三分位分为3组,低分位组(G1)104例、中分位组(G2)108例及高分位组(G3)104例。测量各组眼底图像中AVR水平,采用Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归分析DR患者AVR的影响因素。结果 (1)G3组和G2组餐后2 h PG、空腹胰岛素(FIns)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)及稳态模型评估-胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均高于G1组,且G3组餐后2 h PG和Hb A1c高于G2组;G3组和G2组2 h AVR较G1组降低,G3组较G2组降低(P<0.05),而各组间空腹AVR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)Pearson相关分析显示,AVR与FPG、餐后2 h PG、Hb A1c、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)均呈负相关(P<0.05);(3)多元线性回归分析显示,餐后2 h PG为DR患者AVR的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论餐后2 h PG升高可能会导致AVR降低,对DR患者应动态观察AVR的变化,对判断DR的严重程度具有意义。

CO_(2) hydrogenation selectivity shift over In‐Co binary oxides catalysts:Catalytic mechanism and structure‐property relationship

The hydrogenation of CO_(2) into methanol has attracted much attention and In_(2)O_(3) is a promising catalyst.Introducing metal elements into In_(2)O_(3)(M/In_(2)O_(3))is one of the main strategies to improve its performance.However,its mechanism and active sites remain unclear and need to be further elucidated.Here,the noble‐metal‐free In_(x)‐Co_(y) oxides catalysts were prepared.Much‐improved performance and obvious product selectivity shift were observed.The optimized catalyst(In_(1)‐Co_(4))(9.7 mmol g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1))showed five times methanol yields than pure In_(2)O_(3)(2.2 mmol g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1))(P=4.0 MPa,T=300°C,GHSV=24000 cm^(3)_(STP) g_(cat)^(–1) h^(–1),H_(2):CO_(2)=3).And the cobalt‐catalyzed CO_(2) methanation activity was suppressed,although cobalt was most of the metal element.To unravel this selectivity shift,detailed catalysts performance evaluation,together with several in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations,were employed on cobalt and In‐Co for comparative study.The results indicated CO_(2) hydrogenation on cobalt and In‐Co catalyst both followed the formate pathway,and In‐Co reconstructed and generated a surface In_(2)O_(3)‐enriched core‐shell‐like structure under a reductive atmosphere.The enriched In_(2)O_(3) at the surface significantly enhanced CO_(2) adsorption capacity and well stabilized the intermediates of CO_(2) hydrogenation.CO_(2) and carbon‐containing intermediates adsorbed much stronger on In‐Co than cobalt led to a feasible surface C/H ratio,thus allowing the*CH_(3)O to desorb to produce CH_(3)OH instead of being over‐hydrogenated to CH_(4).

氕氘比C_H/C_D的四极质谱计测量

研究采用ELITESXP 5 0型低分辨率四极质谱计 (QMS)在不制备HD标样的条件下精确测量并计算混合气体中的氕氘分压比CH/CD 的方法。标定结果表明 :QMS对H2 及D2 的响应与氕、氘气体压力呈良好线性 ,且有直线斜率K(H2 ) =2K(D2 )的关系 ,并据此推断K(HD) =1.5K (D2 )。对已知氕氘摩尔比为 1 0 1～ 4.0 2的混合气体试样进行了测定 ,计算得到混合气体中的CH/CD 比与给定值间的相对偏差小于 4 0 %。用CD/CH=1.0 5的标准混合气体进行了方法验证 ,4次测定的CD/CH 平均值为1 0 7,与标准值的相对偏差为 1 9%。验证实验证实 :所推断出的K(HD) =1.5K(D2 )关系是可靠的 ,利用此型号四极质谱计可较精确地测定氕、氘混合气体中的氕氘比CH/CD。

居家糖尿病护理APP平台结合精准护理干预模式对在职2型糖尿病病人血糖及生活质量的影响

[目的]探讨居家糖尿病护理APP平台结合精准护理干预模式对在职2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人的应用效果。[方法]选取在职T2DM病人120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予常规糖尿病教育和后期定期随访,观察组采用居家糖尿病护理APP平台结合精准护理干预模式实施管理。比较两组干预后6个月的体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_1C)、生活质量的变化及6个月内低血糖发生率。[结果]与干预前比较,两组WHR、FPG、2hPG、HbA_1C下降,生活质量提升,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组干预后比较,干预后观察组FPG、2hPG、HbA_1C下降,生活质量提升(除社会维度、治疗维度),院外低血糖发生率降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);[结论]居家糖尿病护理APP平台结合精准护理干预,能有效控制在职T2DM病人的FPG、2hPG、HbA_1C水平,降低低血糖发生率,提高病人的生活质量。

采用FDTD方法模拟三种简单沉积结构模型的脉动H/V响应

利用地脉动进行地球物理无源探测技术,并基于地脉动观测的水平分量与竖直分量谱比法(H/V),获取沉积层卓越频率和沉积盖层厚度已得到较广泛的应用。本文从正演的角度出发,分别建立了水平层状、倾斜层状和不均匀构造三种由简单到复杂的模型,采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)模拟地脉动随机源的探测数据,将数值模拟获得的数据利用H/V谱比法(Nakamura方法)进行反推,与原模型设置值相对比符合良好,表明FDTD的全波正演能很好地模拟获得各种模型在随机源激发下产生的稳定波场信息,为应用地脉动探测研究城市沉积层提供了科学的依据。

中性粒与淋巴细胞比值与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与2型糖尿病肾病(DKD)的相关性。方法选取2012年7月～2018年6月于北京潞河医院住院治疗的2型糖尿病患者148例,根据患者8 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(8°UAER)分为5组:8°UAER<20μg/min、血清肌酐正常30例为DM1组;20μg/min≤8°UAER<200μg/min、血清肌酐正常30例为DM2组;8°UAER≥200μg/min、血清肌酐正常28例为DM3组;8°UAER≥200μg/min、血清肌酐>120μmol/L但尚未透析者29例为DM4组;DM5组为临床诊断DKD行血液透析治疗患者,共31例。选取健康对照者29名为对照组(N组)。空腹静脉采血,检测各组血常规、血糖、血脂、肝肾功,DM1、DM2、DM3、DM4组留取8 h尿,检测8°UAER。结果随着DKD进展,NLR逐渐升高,DM4、DM5组高于N、DM1、DM2、DM3组(P <0.05或P <0.01),DM3组高于N组和DM1组(P <0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示NLR与年龄(r=0.317,P <0.001)、病程(r=0.306,P <0.001)、8°UAER(r=0.293,P=0.006)、尿素氮(r=0.404,P <0.001)、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)(r=0.465,P <0.001)呈正相关,与肾小球滤过率(r=-0.438,P <0.001)、白蛋白(r=-0.194,P=0.019)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=-0.182,P=0.028)呈负相关。多元线性回归方程:YLog NLR=0.29+0.54Log8°UAER+0.004年龄(R2=0.152,P=0.001);ROC曲线显示,以NLR=2.29作为切点,诊断DKD的灵敏度和特异度分别为52.6%、73.3%(ROC曲线下面积是0.661,95%CI:0.544～0.779,P=0.014)。结论 NLR在DKD进展过程中逐渐升高,在临床蛋白尿的2型糖尿病患者中显著升高,与8°UAER呈正相关,但NLR升高晚于8°UAER,提示NLR升高可预测DKD的发生。

金水宝联合奥美沙坦酯治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的观察金水宝胶囊联合奥美沙坦酯治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法选择早期2型糖尿病肾病患者80例,随机分为奥美沙坦酯20mg组(A组)、金水宝胶囊联合奥美沙坦酯20mg组(B组),每组40例,治疗12周。比较两组治疗前后24h尿蛋白定量(UTP/24h)、尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值(mAlb/Cr、)尿N乙酰-β-D葡萄糖苷酶(NAG酶的)变化。结果 A、B组在治疗后UTP/24hm、Alb/Cr分别(为0.29±0.04)g/24h、(47.54±10.16)μg/mg和(0.21±0.04)g/24h(、35.83±9.61)μg/mg,均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),与A组相比,B组降低更为明显(P<0.05);A组在治疗后NAG酶(为21.8±1.2)U/L,较治疗前无明显改变(P>0.05),B组在治疗后NAG酶(为15.8±1.0)U/L,较治疗前有显著下降(P<0.05)。结论在2型糖尿病肾病的早期,金水宝胶囊联合奥美沙坦酯能有效降低蛋白尿,减轻肾脏损伤。

Exceptional mechanical performance and macroscale superlubricity enabled by core-shell-like MoS_(2)/B_(4)C film

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) films are widely deployed in industrial applications owing to their inherent interlayer slip characteristics, offering energy consumption savings and prolonged mechanical part performance. Nevertheless, their practical utility is limited by environmental constraints and the limitations of preparation techniques, which hinder the attainment of robust superlubricity(friction coefficient < 0.01). Herein, through magnetron sputtering technology, we synthesize a core-shell-like nanocomposite composed of MoS_(2)nanosheets encapsulating B_(4)C. The core-shell-like structure enables the resulting films to preferentially grow crystalline MoS_(2), providing them with outstanding mechanical properties and efficient lubrication over a wide range of temperatures. Remarkably, such film achieves robust macroscale superlubricity and an ultralow wear rate(1.7 ×10^(-8)mm^(3)N-1m^(-1)) under high contact stress in a mild vacuum environment. This noteworthy outcome is primarily attributable to the self-segmentation of the macroscale contact interface during the friction process, involving:(1) a large amount of wear debris is embedded into the wear track to create extensive micro-sized asperities;(2) a nanolayer of amorphous carbon enriched with oxide nanoparticles is formed on the uppermost part of these asperities;(3) numerous incommensurate nanocontacts comprising nanoparticles and highly oriented MoS_(2)nanosheets are established, culminating in the achievement of robust superlubricity. Our pioneering design, coupled with the elucidation of the underlying superlubricity mechanism, holds significant promise for advancing the development of robust and high-performance lubricants.

糖尿病肾病的相关因素分析

目的通过分析血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿酸(UA)等联合项目与糖尿病肾病(DN)的相关性,从而找出准确诊断DN的相关因素。方法选取259名糖尿病(DM)患者,收集Cys-C、β2-MG、UA等相关项目指标,运用相应的统计学方法分析相关项目与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的关系。结果UACR≥30 mg/g作为DN的诊断临界点时,显示Cys-C、β2-MG、UA、收缩压(SBP)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、病程等6个项目是UACR的独立危险因素,当某一DM患者Cys-C≥1.435 mg/L、β2-MG≥2.055 mg/L、UA≥320μmol/L、SBP≥145 mmHg、2 h PG≥8.5 mmol/L、病程≥4.5年时,患者发展成早期DN的风险较大,相对应的临界值患病概率为81.5%。结论联合检测Cys-C、β2-MG、UA、SBP、2 h PG、病程等6个项目可以较好预测DN的发生。

W3D通过调控TLR4/MD2-NF-κB p65信号通路改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤

目的研究4-(5′-二甲氨基)-萘磺酰氧基苯并噁唑酮(W3D)这一新型结构化合物对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)的保护作用及其作用机制。方法ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、氯唑沙宗组(12.5 mg·kg^(-1))、W3D组(12.5、6.25和3.125 mg·kg^(-1)),气道滴入LPS造模。于造模4 h后给药,12 h后处死小鼠并取肺脏,计算肺湿干比(wwt/dw),HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,试剂盒检测MPO活性、iNOS和炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的水平,Western blot检测肺组织TLR4、MD2、p-IRAK4、p65蛋白的表达。结果W3D可显著改善小鼠肺水肿状态,降低肺组织湿干比;减少炎性细胞浸润,减轻血管损伤及局部出血等现象;可剂量依赖性抑制MPO活性,降低iNOS、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平,抑制TLR4、MD2、p-IRAK4、p65蛋白的表达。结论化合物W3D可通过调控TLR4/MD2-NF-κB p65信号通路改善LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤。

Lu2SiO5：Ce^3＋透明薄膜制备及其发光性能研究

Lu_2SiO_5:Ce^(3+)薄膜具有高光产额、快衰减时间、高密度、高空间分辨率等优点,有望成为X射线探测中的闪烁材料,但制备高质量的薄膜面临挑战。本工作采用溶胶凝–胶法,通过对制备过程中水硅比、烧结程序、胶黏剂和固含量等四个因素的系统研究与分析,结果表明:在空气湿度为85%,溶胶水硅比为6.6条件下,适量添加PEG400,采用优化后最佳固含量,从450℃开始进行烧结程序后退火,可制备出具有透明、平整、无裂痕的高质量Lu_2SiO_5:Ce^(3+)闪烁薄膜,单次旋涂获得的膜厚达到167 nm。实验表明水含量是引起薄膜发白的主要因素;烧结程序决定了薄膜的有机物分解程度及结晶状况;溶胶固含量及胶黏剂含量是调控薄膜厚度的重要方法。本工作为Lu_2SiO_5:Ce^(3+)闪烁薄膜的实际应用奠定了基础。

Optical Characterization of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon(a-C:H)Thin Films Prepared by Single RF Plasma Method

Methane （CH4） plasma was used to produce amorphous hydrogenated carbon （a- C：H） films by a single capacitively coupled radio frequency （RF） powered plasma system. The system consists of two parallel electrodes： the upper electrode is connected to 13.56 MHz RF power and the lower one is connected to the ground. Thin films were deposited on glass slides with different sizes and on silicon wafers. The influence of the plasma species on film characteristics was studied by changing the plasma parameters. The changes of plasma species during the deposition were investigated by optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. The structural and optical properties were analyzed via Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and UV-visible spectroscopy, and the thicknesses of the samples were measured by a profilometer. The sp3/sp2 ratio and the existing H atoms play a significant role in the determination of the chemical properties of thin films in the plasma. The film quality and deposition rate were both increased by raising the power and the flow rate.

Catalytic Pyrolyses of Rayon and the Effect on Activated Carbon Fiber

The catalytic pyrolyses of rayon have been studied respectively by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) when rayon was treated with phosphoric acid (PA), three ammonium phosphate salts and ammonium sulfate (AS). The air is favorable to the catalysis of dibasic ammonium phosphate (DAP), but not to those of ADP, PA, AP, and AS obviously. It is put forward that a peak’s shape character can be described with the ratio of height to half-height-width (H/W /2) of the peak on a differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curve. A flat cracking peak, presenting a more moderate dehydration reaction, has a smaller ratio and could lead to higher carbonization and activation yields. The experimental results prove this view. According to expectation, the order of catalysis is: DAP≥ADP>PA> APAS no catalyst.

A NEW METHOD OF COMPUTING MULTI-COMPONENT E-pH DIAGRAMS

Aqueous E pH Diagram is an essential tool for analyzing hydrometallurgical and corrosion processes. Due to the requirements for environmental protection and energy saving in recent years, waste water processing and hydrometallurgical process of concentrate have been greatly developed. The construction of E pH diagrams has turned to multi component systems. However, there are some limits in plotting such diagrams. There is only one diagram for one multi component system, which can not reflect the truth of the aqueous reaction. In the paper, a new computation method is proposed to construct E pH diagrams. Component activity term is used to determine the boundary of stable areas. For the multi component systems, different atom ratios of elements have been taken into account. M S H 2O system is chosen to study since it is of importance in metallurgical solution. Compared with conventional methods, the algorithm is simple and conforms to real conditions.

影响CO_2转化率的原因分析

分析中原大化尿素装置CO2 转化率低的原因 。

ZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制汽油反应中的晶粒粒径效应研究

通过调控水热合成ZSM-5凝胶液中H_2O/Si物质的量比,实现了粒径为70、200、400和650 nm四种单分散ZSM-5的可控合成。采用XRD、TEM、BET和NH_3-TPD等多种表征对其微观结构进行分析,结合催化性能评价,考察了晶粒粒径对其催化甲醇制汽油反应性能的影响机制。结果表明,整体上随着ZSM-5晶粒粒径的增加,其外比表面积减小,结晶度提高,酸量呈现出先增加后基本不变的趋势。但外表面附着小晶粒的粒径为650 nm的分子筛体现出了大的外表面积和强的酸性。ZSM-5晶粒粒径的增加整体上降低了其催化MTG反应的寿命和最高收率。晶粒粒径为70 nm时,ZSM-5体现出了96 h的催化寿命和30.8%的最高收率。晶粒粒径为650 nm样品由于其大的外比表面积和较强的表面酸性,也体现出91 h的寿命。在大晶粒ZSM-5外表面附着生长小晶粒ZSM-5,是一种制备高性能催化剂的新方法。

二次水热合成法制备ZSM-5分子筛膜及其渗透汽化性能

采用二次水热合成法在管状多孔莫来石支撑体上制备高耐酸性ZSM-5分子筛膜,系统地研究分子筛晶种和合成溶胶中H_2O/SiO_2摩尔比率对ZSM-5分子筛膜生长与渗透汽化性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、冷场扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱等表征技术分别对制备的ZSM-5分子筛及其ZSM-5分子筛膜的结构、形貌和Si/Al比进行表征。针对分离75℃、90%HAc/H_2O的水溶液,最优化条件下制备的ZSM-5分子筛膜表现出优良的渗透汽化性能,渗透通量和分离因子分别为0.98kg/(m2·h)和890。此外,本研究所采用制备耐酸性ZSM-5分子筛膜的方法表现出良好的重现性,重复制备的12根ZSM-5分子筛膜在75℃下分离90%HAc/H_2O的水溶液时,平均通量和分离系数分别为(0.85±0.15)kg/(m2·h)和650±290。再者,ZSM-5分子筛膜在45~75℃的温度范围内分离50%~95%HAc/H_2O水溶液时都表现出优良的渗透汽化性能。