以水热处理的纳米HZSM-5为载体,通过螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)改性制备了一种具有较高脱硫活性和稳定性的EDTA-NiMo/HZSM-5催化剂,并用XRD,ICP,FTIR,27Al MAS NMR,TG-DTA,Py-IR及NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,EDTA与载体...以水热处理的纳米HZSM-5为载体,通过螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)改性制备了一种具有较高脱硫活性和稳定性的EDTA-NiMo/HZSM-5催化剂,并用XRD,ICP,FTIR,27Al MAS NMR,TG-DTA,Py-IR及NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,EDTA与载体之间具有较强的相互作用,这种强相互作用减弱了金属活性组分与载体之间的作用力,抑制了非活性NiAl2O4和Al2(MoO4)3的形成,有利于活性组分在载体表面的分散,并且添加的螯合剂与金属组分镍可以形成稳定的螯合物,在硫化过程中能改变催化剂的硫化顺序,促使有效脱硫活性中心的形成,提高了催化剂的脱硫活性和稳定性.展开更多
This brief review discusses the behavioral consequences of two pharmacologically selected lines of rats. Flinders Sensitive (FSL) and Flinders Resistant (FRL) Lines of rats were selected on the basis of differential h...This brief review discusses the behavioral consequences of two pharmacologically selected lines of rats. Flinders Sensitive (FSL) and Flinders Resistant (FRL) Lines of rats were selected on the basis of differential hypothermic and behavioral responses to the anticholinesterase, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). FSL rats are more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic agonists but less sensitive to the locomotor or stereotypic effects of dopamine agonists. FSL rats exhibit greater immobility in the forced swim test and reduced social interaction compared with FRL rats, but do not differ in saccharin intake, behavior in the elevated plus maze, or responses for rewarding brain self-stimulation. The exaggerated immobility and reduced social interaction are counteracted by chronic treatment with antidepressants. Because FSL rats were more sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor agonists, high (HDS) and low (LDS) 8-OH-DPATsensitive lines were selectively bred for differential hypothermic responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). HDS rats were also more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine, a cholinergic agonist, but selection for this response did not diverge with later selection. HDS rats exhibited greater immobility in the forced swim test than LDS rats and this correlated response could be seen early in selection (generation 3). HDS rats also showed reduced social interaction compared to LDS rats, but did not differ in behavior in the elevated plus maze. These findings confirm that selection for hypothermic responses to pharmacological agents do have behavioral consequences, notably the production of depressive-like phenotypes, which can be counteracted by chronic antidepressant treatment. Because increased 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity was common to both selected lines (FSL and HDS), neurobiological processes dependent on this receptor could contribute to the abnormal behaviors that manifest in these rat lines and thus suggesting a mechanism underlying depressive behaviors in humans. However, available human data are inconsistent with this hypothesis and suggest that other mechanisms underlie these behavioral abnormalities in HDS and FSL rats. These mechanisms as well as additional behavioral testing in these rat lines will be discussed.展开更多
文摘以水热处理的纳米HZSM-5为载体,通过螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)改性制备了一种具有较高脱硫活性和稳定性的EDTA-NiMo/HZSM-5催化剂,并用XRD,ICP,FTIR,27Al MAS NMR,TG-DTA,Py-IR及NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,EDTA与载体之间具有较强的相互作用,这种强相互作用减弱了金属活性组分与载体之间的作用力,抑制了非活性NiAl2O4和Al2(MoO4)3的形成,有利于活性组分在载体表面的分散,并且添加的螯合剂与金属组分镍可以形成稳定的螯合物,在硫化过程中能改变催化剂的硫化顺序,促使有效脱硫活性中心的形成,提高了催化剂的脱硫活性和稳定性.
文摘This brief review discusses the behavioral consequences of two pharmacologically selected lines of rats. Flinders Sensitive (FSL) and Flinders Resistant (FRL) Lines of rats were selected on the basis of differential hypothermic and behavioral responses to the anticholinesterase, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). FSL rats are more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic agonists but less sensitive to the locomotor or stereotypic effects of dopamine agonists. FSL rats exhibit greater immobility in the forced swim test and reduced social interaction compared with FRL rats, but do not differ in saccharin intake, behavior in the elevated plus maze, or responses for rewarding brain self-stimulation. The exaggerated immobility and reduced social interaction are counteracted by chronic treatment with antidepressants. Because FSL rats were more sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor agonists, high (HDS) and low (LDS) 8-OH-DPATsensitive lines were selectively bred for differential hypothermic responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). HDS rats were also more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine, a cholinergic agonist, but selection for this response did not diverge with later selection. HDS rats exhibited greater immobility in the forced swim test than LDS rats and this correlated response could be seen early in selection (generation 3). HDS rats also showed reduced social interaction compared to LDS rats, but did not differ in behavior in the elevated plus maze. These findings confirm that selection for hypothermic responses to pharmacological agents do have behavioral consequences, notably the production of depressive-like phenotypes, which can be counteracted by chronic antidepressant treatment. Because increased 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity was common to both selected lines (FSL and HDS), neurobiological processes dependent on this receptor could contribute to the abnormal behaviors that manifest in these rat lines and thus suggesting a mechanism underlying depressive behaviors in humans. However, available human data are inconsistent with this hypothesis and suggest that other mechanisms underlie these behavioral abnormalities in HDS and FSL rats. These mechanisms as well as additional behavioral testing in these rat lines will be discussed.
