Health Assessment of Typical Reservoirs in Eastern Jilin: A Case Study of Niligou Reservoir

Niligou Reservoir,a typical reservoir in the eastern region of Jilin Province,is subordinate to Niligou River,which is located in the Changbai Mountains in eastern Jilin,with abundant plant and animal resources and well protected biodiversity in the basin,but there are also some related problems such as fragile ecosystem of forest wetland.This paper carried out a health assessment of Niligou River,including water quality monitoring,aquatic organism monitoring,and riparian zone investigation.According to the requirements of the Technical Guidelines for River and Lake Health Assessment,13 assessment indexes were selected to build a river and lake health assessment index system.By sorting and analyzing the monitoring and investigation data,we got a clear picture of the ecological environment status and existing problems of Niligou Res-ervoir.Based on the actual situation of Niligou River,we evaluated the hydrologic integrity,chemical integrity,morphological and structural integrity,biological integrity and sustainability of social service function,and put forward corresponding countermeasures according to the re-sults,in order to provide a technical support for the health treatment of rivers and lakes in Jilin Province.

Investigation on Plant Species and Health Assessment in Roof Garden in East Area of Zhengzhou City

Using the plant of roof garden as an object, the effect of application of plant species, growth status, and health evaluation on the construction of roof garden in east area of Zhengzhou were investigated through the investigation and analysis in order to put forward the main problems of each plant species and select the suitable plant species and configuration. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the roof garden greening plants and ground greening plant species, however, there was a big problem in terms of plant disease and root aeration. And so the root shallow, barren resistance, wind resistance, drought-tolerant plants were appropriately chosen in the construction of roof garden, in which low small trees, shrubs, ground cover, and climbing plants was given priority to.

Comprehensive health assessment of shield tunnel structure based on prototype experiment

Health state of shield tunnels is one of the most important parameters for structure maintenance.Usually,the shield tunnel is extremely long in longitude direction and composed by many segments.It is difficult to quantify the relationship between the structure damage state and shield tunnel structure deformation by the model test because of unpredictable effects of different scales between model test and prototype tunnel structure.Here,an in-situ monitoring project was conducted to study the excavation induced shield tunnel structure damage,which could be considered a prototype test on the tunnel deformation.The disaster performance of tunnel leakage,segment crack,segment dislocation and segment block drop-off during longitude deformation and cross-section ovality developments was analyzed.The results indicate that instead of the longitude deformation,the ovality value has the strongest correlation to the rest disease performance,which could be used as the assessment index of the tunnel health.For this tunnel,it is in health state when the ovality is less than 0.5%,and the serious damage could be found when the ovality value is higher than 0.77%.The research results provide valuable reference to shield tunnel health assessment and help complete the standard of shield tunnel construction.

A Method of Catchments Health Assessment under Value-pressure Model and Its Application in Urbanized River Network Area:A Case Study in Shanghai,China

Catchments health assessment is fundamental to effective catchments management. Generally, an assessment method should be selected to reflect both the purpose of assessment and local characteristics. A trial in Shanghai was conducted to test the method for catchments health assessment in urbanized fiver network area. Seven indicators that described four dimensions of river, river network, land use and function, and local feature were used to assess catchments values; while possible change rate of urbanization and industrialization in the next 3 years were chosen for catchments pressure assessment in the value-pressure model. Factors related to catchments classification, indicators measurement and protection priority have been considered in the development strategies for catchments health management. The results showed that value-pressure assessment was applicable in urbanized catchments health management, particularly when both human and catchments had multiple demands. As a result of over 30-year rapid urbanization, more than 70% of Shanghai fiver network area was still in a healthy condition with high catchments values, among them, 39.3% was under high pressure. Poor water quality, simplified river system and weakened local feature of fiver pattern had largely affected catchments health in Shanghai. Lack of long-term monitoring data would seriously restrict the development and validity of catchments health assessment.

Intelligent Student Mental Health Assessment Model on Learning Management System

A learning management system(LMS)is a software or web based application,commonly utilized for planning,designing,and assessing a particular learning procedure.Generally,the LMS offers a method of creating and delivering content to the instructor,monitoring students’involvement,and validating their outcomes.Since mental health issues become common among studies in higher education globally,it is needed to properly determine it to improve mental stabi-lity.This article develops a new seven spot lady bird feature selection with opti-mal sparse autoencoder(SSLBFS-OSAE)model to assess students’mental health on LMS.The major aim of the SSLBFS-OSAE model is to determine the proper health status of the students with respect to depression,anxiety,and stress(DAS).The SSLBFS-OSAE model involves a new SSLBFS model to elect a useful set of features.In addition,OSAE model is applied for the classification of mental health conditions and the performance can be improved by the use of cuckoo search optimization(CSO)based parameter tuning process.The design of CSO algorithm for optimally tuning the SAE parameters results in enhanced classifica-tion outcomes.For examining the improved classifier results of the SSLBFS-OSAE model,a comprehensive results analysis is done and the obtained values highlighted the supremacy of the SSLBFS model over its recent methods interms of different measures.

AHP-based System for the Health Assessment of Ancient and Famous Trees in Dongguan

By establishing an AHP-based assessment index system and assessment model,and applying detection technology that is convenient and harmless for ancient and famous trees,this paper is significant for investigating and assessing the health state of ancient and famous trees,and protecting the limited resources. Fourteen indexes such as growth vigor,disease and pest were selected from the perspectives of overall situation,canopy,trunk and root,and AHP(applied analytic hierarchy process) was applied to define weights of these indexes. According to the results,top 3 indexes in terms of weight are tree vigor,treetop death,internal decay and hole,while the indexes with lower weight are parasitism,root damage,ventilation and permeability. On the basis of assessment model and method as well as field investigation,health grade of ancient and famous trees(A) can be obtained. By grading the health of ancient and famous trees into 3 levels,each level indicates a certain health state,so managers can take corresponding maintenance measures to develop the best ecological and social value of these trees.

Health risk assessment of trace metal(loid)s in agricultural soils based on Monte Carlo simulation coupled with positive matrix factorization model in Chongqing, southwest China

This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

A New Approach for the Health Assessment of River Systems Based on Interconnected Water System Networks

Interconnected river system networks is a national water conservancy strategy in China and focus of research. Here we discuss the classification system, material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes, various dynamic flows and ecological functions of river-lake interconnected relationships. We then propose a novel method for the health assessment of river systems based on interconnected water system networks. In a healthy river system there is ＂material and energy exchange＂ and it is the first and foremost relationship of material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes. There are unobstructed various ＂flows＂ between rivers and lakes including material flows （water, dissolved substances, sediments, organisms and contaminants）, energy flows （water levels, flow and flow velocity）, information flows （information generated with water flows, organisms and human activities） and value flows （shipping, power generation, drinking and irrigation）. Under the influences of na- ture and human activity, various flows are connected by river-lake interconnection to carry material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes to achieve river-lake interactions. The material and energy exchange between rivers and lakes become one of the approaches and the direct driving forces of changes in river-lake interconnected relationships. The benignant changes in river-lake interconnected relationship tend to be in relatively steady state and in ideal dynamic balance.

Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes-Case study of “the six lakes”in Beijing,China

The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration.This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment.The results indicated that:Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states.Water environmental quality,structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem,and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints.Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor.However,the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others,the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6.and the restorations of these lakes were moderate.The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3,as it was difficult to restore these lakes.Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed:①To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes;②To improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes;③To rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas.

Rational Use of Computed Tomography for Individual Health Assessment in Asymptomatic Population： Chinese Experience

INTRODUCTIONSince computed tomography （CT） was invented and used clinically or in research, it is currently widely used in the diagnosis, staging, assessment of disease response to treatment, with clearer image quality and shorter scanning time. There are many diseases which are not easily found at an early stage with noticeable symptoms,

Regional ecosystem health assessment using the GA-BPANN model:a case study of Yunnan Province,China

Background:Regional ecosystem health assessments are the basis for the sustainable development of society.However,an ecosystem is a complex integration of ecosystem mosaics and subsystems that influence each other,making it difficult to evaluate them using traditional assessment methods of linear and explicit functions.We introduce a back-propagation neural network model optimized by a genetic algorithm to evaluate ecosystem health in 16 districts in Yunnan Province.Result:(1)The model required fewer inputs to evaluate complex and nonlinear systems,avoided the need for subjective weights,and performed well in this practical application to regional ecosystem health assessment.(2)The ecosystem health in Yunnan Province was increasing,and there was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation during 2000-2020,showing that districts with high Ecosystem Health cluster together and the ecological protection policy of the region has produced a diffusion effect,leading to continuous improvement of the ecological health of the surrounding areas.High-low outlier areas of ecosystem health should be paid more attention,because of the increasing instability of local health levels.Conclusion:This study provides a methodological exploration for assessing spatial mosaics of different ecosystems at a regional scale.

Health Assessment Indicator System for Larch Plantation in Jin’gouling Forest Farm, Jilin Province

For the healthy management of plantation, a health assessment indicator system was designed at forest stand scale for the larch plantation in Jin'ouling Forest Farm, Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province. The system consisted of 3 categories—forest structure, external interferences and management objectives, with 15 indicators. The results showed that: 1) the assessment indicator system was scientific and rational for different age groups of larch plantations; 2) both the half-mature larch plantation and mature larch plantation were semi-healthy, while the near-mature plantation was healthy. The commons of all these plantations were structural integrity, little or no pest diseases and managed by appropriate operating activities; 3) the major problems included single tree species and relatively slow growing in the half-mature larch plantations; in the near-mature plantation, the number of grass species was less; and in the farm, the stock volume of mature plantations was below the average. Therefore, the half-mature larch forest should be thinned to improve the growth and the mature forest should be cut in time.

Development of a phytoplankton-based index of biotic integrity for ecological health assessment in the Yangtze River

Background The application of index of biotic integrity(IBI)to evaluate river health can be an essential method for river ecosystem management.However,these types of methods were developed in small,low-order streams,and are therefore,infrequently applied to large rivers.To that end,phytoplankton communities and environmental variables were monitored in 30 sampling segments of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,China during the wet(July-August)and dry(November-December)seasons in 2017-2018.We developed a phytoplankton-based index of biotic integrity(P-IBI)and used the index to assess the ecological health of the Yangtze River.Relationships among P-IBI,its component metrics,and environmental factors were analyzed across different seasons.Results Results obtained from the P-IBI indicated that the phytoplankton-based ecological health of the Yangtze River was rated as“good”during both seasons,with an overall better condition in the dry season.During the wet season,there were scattered river segments with P-IBI ratings of“fair”or below.Water quality and land use appeared to shape the patterns of P-IBI.In the wet season,P-IBI negatively correlated with total phosphorus,nitrate,total suspended solids,turbidity,conductivity,and dissolved oxygen.In the dry season,P-IBI positively correlated with total nitrogen,ammonium,and nitrite,and negatively correlated with water temperature.Conclusions The ecological health of the Yangtze River as reflected by the P-IBI exhibited spatial and temporal variability,with the effect of water quality being greater than that of local land use.This study indicated the importance of considering seasonal effects in detecting large river ecological health.These findings enhanced our understanding of the ecological health and characterized potential benchmarks for management of the Yangtze River.These findings also may be applicable to other large rivers elsewhere.

Ecosystem health assessment on the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau in Inner Mongolia,China

Maintenance of ecosystem health is the primary focus of a sound ecological restoration.Yet methods in-volved in quantifying and assessing the health level remain a challenge to the ecological community.In this study,we selected the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau,Inner Mongolia,China,as our study area.The soil and water ero-sions in this area continue to be responsible for many environmental problems in northern China because of its fragility and long disturbance history.In this study,we de-veloped an assessment method of indicator system(AMIS)based on analytical hierarchy process(AHP),fuzzy mathe-matics,and the theory of net-hierarchy.At ecosystem or catchment scale,three sample areas,that is(1)intact vege-tation(i.e.,Aguimiao Natural Reserve,110°45′E,39°28′N),(2)reconstructed vegetation(Wufendigou Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Area,111°07′E,39°45′N),and(3)severely degraded vegetation(Yangquangou Catchment,111°06′E,39°45′N)in the hill and gully area of Loess Pla-teau in Inner Mongolia,China,were selected to examine ecosystem vigor,organizational structure,service function,and soil health.We applied the AMIS for all three land-scapes by categorizing each ecosystem into five health levels.We found that the health index for reconstructed vegetation were at levels of IV,II,IV,and III,while those of degraded vegetation were ranked at V,IV,V,and IV.Overall,the comprehensive ecosystem health index of re-constructed vegetation was lower than that of intact vegetation but higher than that of degraded vegetation.The health index for reconstructed vegetation was at level III,and that of degraded vegetation was still at level IV.The contributing values were:organization structure>soil health>vigor>service function.Based on our results and assessments,we proposed several management recommen-dations and methods for restoring the regional ecosystems.

Analysis Hierarchy Process Model for Plain River Reach Health Assessment of the Luanhe River

In light of the ecological health problem occurring between the plain river reach between Daheiting and the estuary of the Luanhe River, three first-level indicators （river physical characteristic, eco-hydrological characteristic and socio-economic features） and corresponding fifteen second-level indicators such as river natural connectivity, water quantity, etc., were employed to establish the analysis hierarchy process （AHP） model. After fitting the AHP model with the data of 2005, the results show that the overall plain river reach health assessment score is 0.698 and the ecology is basically healthy. Moreover, construction of the Panjiakou Reservoir on the river mainstream destroyed the river natural morphologies, and finally contributed to the relatively low scores： 0 and 0.5 for river natural connectivity and river curve degree, respectively. It implicates that measures such as construction of ecological river course and reservoir dispatching should be taken into account in further restoration projects of the Luanhe River.

Teaching Physical Assessment and Disease Screening to Students in the Health Professions: A Focus in Pharmacy Education

Background: As pharmacists continue to transition into the provision of public health care, physical assessment and disease screening will become part of their everyday practice, in a similar manner that it has been for doctors and nurses. Objective: The aim was to describe the health assessment of undergraduate curricula across three disciplines involved in public health care and to explore the students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments. Method: Instructors of courses related to health assessment in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy colleges in Qatar were invited to participate in the curriculum review process. Students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments was assessed using a self-administered survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the survey responses. Results: A narrative description for the similarities and differences in the health assessment curricula across the three colleges was provided. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart sounds were the health assessments that almost all students received training on, although there were differences in where the training was delivered. The health assessments that the students perceived having received least training on were measuring bone mineral density, blood cholesterol and international normalized ratio reported by only 37%, 41% and 44% of students, respectively. Conclusion: The study identified a close alignment between each of the health discipline’s scope of practice and the health assessment content taught in each individual program. It also identified possible curricular gaps towards learning the skills of patient assessment that may need to be addressed.

Maternal and Child Health Care Quality Assessment: An Improved Approach Using K-Means Clustering

High maternal and child deaths in developing countries are frequently linked to poor health services provided to pregnant women and children. To improve the quality of maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) services, the government and other stakeholders in MNCH emphasize the importance of quality assessment. However, effective quality assessment approaches are mostly lacking in most developing countries, particularly in Tanzania. This study, therefore, aimed at developing a quality assessment approach that can effectively assess and report on the quality of MNCH services. Due to the need for a good quality assessment approach that suits a resource-constrained environment, machine learning-based approach was proposed and developed. K-means algorithm was used to develop a clustering model that groups MNCH data and performs cluster summarization to discover the knowledge portrayed in each group on the quality of MNCH services. Results confirmed the clustering model’s ability to assign the data points into appropriate clusters;cluster analysis with the collaboration of MNCH experts successfully discovered insights on the quality of services portrayed by each group.

Assessment of pollution levels and human health risk of heavy metals in dust deposited on Yerevan＇s tree leaves (Armenia)

The total concentrations of Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Ni,Co,Zn,Cu,Ag,Hg,and Mo were determined in the atmospheric dust of the city of Yerevan by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAnalyst PE 800).Heavy metal pollution levels were evaluated by calculating geo-accumulation(I_(geo)) and summary pollution(Z_c) indices.Potential human health risk was assessed using the United States Environmental Protection agency's human health risk assessment model.The results show that mean contents of all elements tested except Ni and Cr were substantially higher than local geochemical background values.According to the I_(geo),Yerevan territory is strongly-to-extremely polluted by As,Ag,Hg,Mo,and Cd.The Z_c assessment indicated that very high pollution was detected in 36%of samples,high in 32%,average in 12%,and low in 20%.The health risk assessment revealed a noncarcinogenic risk(HI >1) for children at 13 samplings sites and for adults at one sampling site.For children the risk was due to elevated levels of Mo,Cd,Co,and As,while for adults,only Mo.Carcinogenic risk(>1:1,000,000) of As and Cr via ingestion pathway was observed in 25 and 14 samples,respectively.This study,therefore,is the base for further detailed investigations to organize problematic site remediation and risk reduction measures.

Research Progress in Occupational Health Risk Assessment Methods in China

Traditional occupational disease control and prevention has remained prevalent in China over recent decades. There are appropriately 30,000 new case reports of occupational diseases annually. Although China has already established a series of occupational disease prevention programs, occupational health risk assessment （OHRA） strategies continue to be a limitation.