卫星红外辐射资料直接同化容易受到云的影响,大量卫星资料在有云情况下无法直接同化,其原因之一就是初始云结构难以获取,而云结构是同化系统观测算子的重要输入参数,缺乏云的结构信息,观测算子无法模拟有云环境下的亮温。热带地区以及...卫星红外辐射资料直接同化容易受到云的影响,大量卫星资料在有云情况下无法直接同化,其原因之一就是初始云结构难以获取,而云结构是同化系统观测算子的重要输入参数,缺乏云的结构信息,观测算子无法模拟有云环境下的亮温。热带地区以及台风、暴雨等极端天气系统与云密不可分,要改进卫星辐射资料特别是红外资料直接同化的效果,需要获得较高精度的云三维结构。在GRAPES-3DVAR(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统)基础上,结合WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,天气研究和预报模式)对"珍珠"台风云结构的模拟,增加模拟的云参数作为GRAPES-3DVAR同化系统中RTTOV模式(fast radiative transfer model for TOVS,快速辐射传输模式)的输入参数,改进了有云环境下卫星资料直接同化的观测算子,研究了红外辐射资料直接同化的方法,并分析其对"珍珠"台风预报的影响。针对NOAA16(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,美国国家海洋和大气管理局)的HIRS/3(High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder,高分辨率红外辐射探测仪3型)第4-8、10、13-19通道辐射亮温的同化试验表明,结合初始云结构信息改进同化系统观测算子,可以将红外辐射资料的观测信息同化到模式之中,改进台风温度、湿度结构,对短时降水预报有正面影响。展开更多
The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weather information about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about the movement and state of atmosphere.They ...The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weather information about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about the movement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP model used to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing information from satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of the atmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parameters valuable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor from the surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May to August 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute the value of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRS channels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the corresponding values coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile model output and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.the distribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angle to each channel are also obtained.展开更多
A physical method,based on the simplification of surface radiation terms in remote sensing equations, has been suggested to retrieve the surface temperature,vertical temperature profile and surface emissivity from the...A physical method,based on the simplification of surface radiation terms in remote sensing equations, has been suggested to retrieve the surface temperature,vertical temperature profile and surface emissivity from the first eight channel observations of TIROS-N/HIRS2.Analyses of several examples indicate that this method can obtain much more accurate temperatures in the lower atmosphere than a statistical technique, and that the surface temperature and emissivity retrieved are also reasonable.展开更多
文摘卫星红外辐射资料直接同化容易受到云的影响,大量卫星资料在有云情况下无法直接同化,其原因之一就是初始云结构难以获取,而云结构是同化系统观测算子的重要输入参数,缺乏云的结构信息,观测算子无法模拟有云环境下的亮温。热带地区以及台风、暴雨等极端天气系统与云密不可分,要改进卫星辐射资料特别是红外资料直接同化的效果,需要获得较高精度的云三维结构。在GRAPES-3DVAR(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统)基础上,结合WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,天气研究和预报模式)对"珍珠"台风云结构的模拟,增加模拟的云参数作为GRAPES-3DVAR同化系统中RTTOV模式(fast radiative transfer model for TOVS,快速辐射传输模式)的输入参数,改进了有云环境下卫星资料直接同化的观测算子,研究了红外辐射资料直接同化的方法,并分析其对"珍珠"台风预报的影响。针对NOAA16(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,美国国家海洋和大气管理局)的HIRS/3(High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder,高分辨率红外辐射探测仪3型)第4-8、10、13-19通道辐射亮温的同化试验表明,结合初始云结构信息改进同化系统观测算子,可以将红外辐射资料的观测信息同化到模式之中,改进台风温度、湿度结构,对短时降水预报有正面影响。
基金This paper is supported by the National Key Project of Basic Theory Research"the Formation Mechanism and Prediction Theory of Severe Climatic and Synoptic Disasters in China" under Grant 199804096.
文摘The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weather information about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about the movement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP model used to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing information from satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of the atmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parameters valuable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor from the surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May to August 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute the value of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRS channels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the corresponding values coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile model output and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.the distribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angle to each channel are also obtained.
文摘A physical method,based on the simplification of surface radiation terms in remote sensing equations, has been suggested to retrieve the surface temperature,vertical temperature profile and surface emissivity from the first eight channel observations of TIROS-N/HIRS2.Analyses of several examples indicate that this method can obtain much more accurate temperatures in the lower atmosphere than a statistical technique, and that the surface temperature and emissivity retrieved are also reasonable.
