HIV and AIDS related knowledge, beliefs and attitudes among rural communities hard to reach in Sudan

Background and Objective: There is a rising concern about Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related knowledge in rural communities of Sudan. This study focuses on determining the extend of knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about HIV/ AIDS among rural communities difficult to access in the six States of Sudan. Subjects and Methods: Six thousand and one hundred twenty five respondents were interviewed through the method of house-to-house visits. A structured questionnaire was administered by research assistants recruited from the Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University during a rural residency campaign in six states of Central, Eastern and Northern Sudan during 2008/2009. Results: Of the total interviewees, 48% were aware of the HIV/AIDS risk;46% reported to have good health seeking behaviors for HIV/AIDS. 54.4% of women reported to have better knowledge about the disease than men (45.6%). 38% (2005) had not heard of safety use of condom whereas 16% (320) had used it. Logistic regression revealed that 5.3% of knowledge about the disease was explained by gender, education and religion adjusted over age of the respondents. Conclusions: Mass media were the most common source of information about the existent risk of HIV/AIDS in rural communities. These findings could assist Sudanese National Aids Programme (SNAP), healthcare providers and policymakers to develop informative materials and health education programs to educate rural community is about the risk of HIV/AIDS.

Knowledge and discriminatory attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the women of reproductive age group of Pakistan using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(MICS)

Background Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)has become a major worldwide public health issue,with a focus on developing nations.Despite having a very low HIV prevalence,South Asia faces serious issues with stigma and false information because of a lack of awareness.This stigma highlights significant gaps in popular awareness while also sustaining unfavorable attitudes towards those living with HIV/AIDS.Pakistan is ranked second in South Asia for the rapidly increasing AIDS epidemic.Thorough information and optimistic outlooks are essential for successful HIV/AIDS prevention,control,and treatment.But false beliefs about how HIV/AIDS spreads lead to negative perceptions,which highlights the need to look into how women’s knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS in Pakistan are influenced by sociodemographic traits and autonomy.Methods The purpose of this study is to evaluate Pakistani women’s discriminatory attitudes and level of awareness on HIV/AIDS.This study used data(the women in reproductive age 15-49 years’dataset)from the Pakistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to conduct an analytical cross-sectional analysis.To represent the respondents’attitudes and knowledge towards people living with HIV(PLHIV),two composite variables were developed and composite scored.Binary logistics regression was used to identify predictor variables and chi-square was used for bivariate analysis.Results The findings reveal that almost 90%of Pakistani women have poor knowledge and attitude with HIV/AIDS.In Punjab,72.8%of rural residents have low knowledge,whereas only 20.6%of young individuals(15-<25 years old)show the least amount of ignorance.Education is shown to be crucial,and“Higher”education is associated with superior knowledge.Urban dwellers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa typically have more expertise.Knowledge of HIV is positively correlated with education;those with higher education levels know a lot more(odds ratio[OR]=5.419).Similarly,quintiles with greater incomes show a higher likelihood of knowing about HIV(OR=6.745).The study identifies age,wealth index,place of residence,educational attainment,and exposure to contemporary media as significant predictors influencing HIV knowledge and attitudes among women in these provinces.Conclusion The majority of respondents had negative opinions regarding the virus,and the majority of women in the study knew very little about HIV.Individuals who live in metropolitan areas,have higher incomes,are better educated,are exposed to contemporary media,and are generally more aware of HIV and have more positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS,or PLHIV.The study found that,in comparison to those living in urban environments,those from rural areas with low socioeconomic level have a negative attitude and inadequate understanding.

HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge among Secondary School Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aim of the Study: HIV/AIDS is best viewed as a major epidemic which poses serious challenges to mankind on a global scale. The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among secondary school students in Bangladesh and investigate the association between secondary school students’ socio-demographic characteristics and their level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Methods: Following multistage random sampling technique, a total of 384 students aged 11-17 years were sampled from eight secondary schools and interviewed through a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done at three stages including descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (55.26%) of the students were above 14 years of age and their ages ranged from 11 to 17 years. This study also found that around three-fourths of the students (75.78%) watched television. With regard to knowledge, this study demonstrated that around two-fifths of the students (36.98%) had very good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and their main sources of HIV/AIDS information were television, newspaper, radio, textbooks, and teachers. The bivariate results of the study indicated that students’ age, gender, type of school, household income, fathers’ and mothers’ literacy, and watching television were significantly associated with level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. In addition, students’ age, mothers’ literacy, and watching television were found as the significant predictors of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Watching television was documented as the best single predictor. Conclusion: The results of the study strengthen the assumption that there is an influence of students’ socio-demographic characteristics upon their knowledge about HIV/ AIDS. Moreover, this study suggests that more information on HIV/AIDS should be included in the textbooks of secondary school students in Bangladesh to enhance their knowledge about the taboo subject.

Knowledge Level about HIV/AIDS among Reproductive Men in Five Counties in China

To understand the HIV/IDS knowledge level and its influential factors among reproductive men in China so as to provide scientific evidence for preventive measures. Methods Cross-sectional survey, system random sample and constructed questionnaire were used in this study. There were 1 285 male subjects who had filled in anon）,mous questionnaires. Results There were significant differences on the HIV/IDS knowledge level in different counties and different demographic characteristic people. Major inJluential factors inchtded area, urban/rural, marriage, educational level, age, consultation about HIV/AIDS. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the training of HIV/AIDS knowledge among reproductive men.

Assessment of the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice with Regard to Care of People Living with HIV/AIDS among Nursing and Midwifery Students in Fako, Cameroon

Due to the chronic shortage of health personnel, nurses and midwives now play a fundamental role in the care and treatment of people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLHIV) in Cameroon. This study was therefore designed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to care of PLHIV among nursing and midwifery students in Fako division of Cameroon. A survey was performed between May and July 2015, among 227 nursing and midwifery students (in their second to final year of study), selected from 8 government accredited training institutions in Fako division of Cameroon. An anonymous self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The Pearson’s chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for possible confounders were all performed as part of the statistical analyses. The cutoff of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Nursing and midwifery students had a moderate level of HIV/AIDS knowledge (average score of 7.02 on a scale of 11). Attitude towards PLHIV was generally positive (68.7%) but there were some misconceptions and prejudice about PLHIV, with considerable stigmatization (31.3%), unwillingness to share a room with someone infected with HIV (27.7%), and unwillingness to work on PLHIV (23.8%). Good HIV/AIDS knowledge was observed to be the sole independent predictor (p = 0.004) of positive attitude towards PLHIV. Fur-thermore the confidence of the respondents regarding care of PLHIV was generally moderate. Our results suggest the need for the development of a more appropriate education program in nursing and midwifery institutions in Fako division to reduce the discrepancies between the general knowledge, attitude and practice regarding care of PLHIV.

HIV/AIDS Related Stigma among Male Labor Migrants in Nepal

Labor migrants are those of the at-risk groups for HIV. This cross-sectional study has tried to examine HIV/AIDS-related stigma among Nepalese returnee male labor migrants. Migrant workers who have worked at least six months abroad were asked different questions related to sexual behavior, knowledge on HIV/AIDS & condom and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Stigma was measured on a three-point rating scale as high, average and low stigma. About 58% of migrants had the view “I would rather not know if I have HIV” followed by “I don’t want to be friends with people living with HIV” (53.6% migrants) and “people with HIV are cursed” (35.5% migrants). High stigma was present among 15.5% of the total respondents with high proportion among those with higher age, lower education, rural residence, and no knowledge on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) service. About a quarter of respondents were of the view that migrants infected with HIV while abroad should not be allowed to return Nepal. Some level of stigma on HIV/AIDS exists among male labor migrants in Nepal. Interventions aiming at reducing stigma should consider the factors like migrants’ age, education, place of residence and knowledge on VCT services.

An Assessment of Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Slum and Non-Slum Populations in Delhi, India

In order to design appropriate HIV prevention programs, it is important to examine the perception and knowledge of HIV/AIDS and methods of preventive. This article explores comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods among women and men in slum and non-slum areas in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. Data were drawn from the National Family Health Survey, 2005-06 (NFHS-3). The sample included 3096 women aged 15 - 49 years and 1321 men aged 15 - 54 years. Pearson Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the study variables and the background characteristics of the slum and non-slum populations. Comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods was significantly lower among women and men in slum areas as compared with non-slum areas. Compared to men, women had less comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods in slum and non-slum areas, even after controlling for various demographic and socio-economic and exposure variables. Findings indicate that comprehensive knowledge of HIV prevention methods is low among women in slum areas. Interventions are needed to build knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention methods in this vulnerable group. Strategies to build awareness of HIV/AIDS could include mass media campaigns HIV/AIDS, and information, education and communication programs (IEC) on HIV/AIDS in slum areas.

Knowledge about HIV and AIDS among Young Women

HIV and AIDS are a major health concern among women worldwide. It is important that women especially youths are educated about HIV and AIDS because they represent a window of opportunity for reversing HIV rates if effective prevention programs can reach them before they engage in risky sexual behaviour. Women are more vulnerable to HIV infection than men and play a central role in the concept of the family, in nurturing, protecting, and caring for the family. The aim of the study was to explore HIV and AIDS knowledge among young women. A qualitative exploratory approach using focus group discussions was used and content analysis was used to interpret the data. A total of 8 focus group discussions were conducted two study sites intervention and control site. The analysis revealed 6 themes namely definition of HIV and AIDS, seriousness of HIV and AIDS in the community, signs and symptoms, transmission of HIV, cure for HIV and AIDS and prevention. The findings showed that some participants had knowledge deficit on HIV and AIDS, therefore continued community sensitisation is essential.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding HIV/AIDS among Students in China

HIV/AIDS remains one of the world’s most significant public health challenges, particularly in low and middle-income region. China has witnessed a moderate effect of global HIV/AIDS endemic for which HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention program have been developed and conducted. In China the university students are among the affected target population because of the recent development of casual attitude towards sex, the rapid economic revolution and degradation of traditional value. The purpose of this paper is to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and practice and identify personal risk behaviors among students in China. Selection of the articles suitable for the review was done from 2007 to 2016 on the basis of their study regarding HIV/AIDS in accordance with different students of schools, undergraduate and postgraduate study. Knowledge of the students is accordance with their education level while attitude have no relation with the knowledge and still there is unsafe sexual practice present among students. Although students have good knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS, they have still negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. There are still misconceptions especially concerning mosquitos and kissing as routes of transmission of HIV. There is difficulty in separating HIV from AIDS by many students. Due to insufficient knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among school students many of them believe that there is a medicine that can cure HIV/AIDS. Comparatively Students are more focused on knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS rather than developing and maintaining safe sexual behavior among the students. We believe that the review will help to focus further into the more effective attitude based implementation of knowledge and practice among Chinese students.

Basic Knowledge and Attitudes to Promote Safe Behaviours to Grade 8 Learners Concerning Burden of Diseases Including HIV/AIDS

This paper focuses on knowledge and attitudes of Grade 8 pupils about HIV/AIDS and opportunistic diseases. In particular, people need to know what it is, how it is transmitted, how to protect themselves from it, and how to relate to people with the disease. According to the National policy for HIV/AIDS, schools are key settings for educating children about HIV/AIDS and for halting further spread of the infection. It has been noticeable that Grade 8 pupils in the rural areas around Mthatha district are particularly at risk of getting HIV. The focus is often more on Grade 11 and 12 pupils, so female Grade 10 pupils look for boys for attention. This resulted for the female pupils to fall pregnant. The fact that some of them are falling pregnant means they are also more vulnerable to contracting HIV. This shows that little information is available for them and this paper is contributing to that body of knowledge. Prevention therefore is the most effective strategy to combat pregnancy and against the spread of HIV/AIDS in schools. Measures should be taken to remove the social, cultural and political barriers that might block access to HIV/AIDS services and programmes. The results showed that while some Grade 8 pupils are aware of HIV/AIDS, there are others who said it does not exist. It has also been highlighted that the phenomenon of pupils having unprotected sex with older men for money, as well as pupils saying they did not have time to use condoms. It is therefore recommended that pupils need to have role models, people they can look up to. In the absence of parents, it should be teachers＇ responsibility to advise the pupils and inform them about Sexually Transmitted Infections （STIs） and HIV/AIDS in schools.

Accuracy of Physicians in Diagnosing HIV and AIDS-Related Death in the Adult Population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: The lack of cause of death information is the main challenge in monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in countries where the majority of deaths occur at home. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of physician reviewers of verbal autopsies in diagnosing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in the adult population of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Methods: This study was done within the context of a burial surveillance system in Addis Ababa. Trained interviewers completed a standard verbal autopsy questionnaire and an independent panel of physicians reviewed the completed form to assign cause of death. Physicians' review was compared to a reference standard constructed based on prospectively collected HIV-serostatus and patients' hospital record. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to validate the physicians' verbal autopsy diagnoses against reference standards. Results: Physicians accurately identified AIDS-related deaths with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80 - 0.93) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64 - 0.87), respectively. Generally, there was high level of agreement (Cohen's Kappa Statistic (K > 0.6) between the first two physicians with some yearly variations. In 2008 and 2009 there was an almost perfect agreement (K > 0.80). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the agreement level between two independent physicians in diagnosing AIDS-related death is very high and thus using a single verbal autopsy coder is practical for programmatic purposes in countries where there is critical shortage of doctors.

中医药治疗HIV/AIDS相关腹泻疗效和安全性的Meta分析与GRADE证据评价

目的:系统评价中医药治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染或获得性免疫缺陷综合征(HIV/AIDS)相关腹泻(HRD)的临床疗效和安全性,并进行GRADE证据质量评价。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed等中英文数据库和临床试验注册平台,检索中医药治疗HRD的随机对照试验(检索时间从各个数据库建库至2023年3月31日),由2名研究人员独立进行数据检索、数据提取、偏倚风险评价和Meta分析。结果:最终纳入31篇文献和1项临床研究,共计3474例患者,其中试验组1830例,对照组1644例。Meta分析结果显示,中医药治疗能显著提高HRD患者的临床疗效有效率,降低大便次数积分、中医症状积分、腹泻量表积分、腹痛积分,加快腹泻消失时间,增加体质量。临床疗效有效率和中医症状积分均未发现发表偏倚。GRADE证据质量评价结果显示:中医症状积分、大便次数积分、CD4+T细胞绝对数量为高级质量证据;临床疗效有效率、腹泻恢复时间、腹泻量表积分、腹痛积分、不良反应发生率和体质量为中级质量证据;中医证候临床疗效有效率为低级质量证据。结论:中医药能提高HRD患者的临床疗效有效率,改善腹泻临床症状,且安全性较好,推荐使用于HRD的治疗。但由于所纳入的研究方法质量较低和部分结局指标证据质量较低,尚需更多设计严谨的多中心随机对照试验增加证据强度。

四川省凉山艾滋病高发地区育龄妇女和妇幼工作者AIDs／HIV相关知识知晓情况和态度调查

目的了解四川省凉山艾滋病高发地区育龄妇女和妇幼工作者对艾滋病相关知识的知晓情况和态度意识,并为制定有效的艾滋病母婴传播阻断的干预模式提供科学有效的依据。方法在凉山彝族自治州昭觉县选择2个乡共13个村的82名育龄妇女村民和44名各级妇幼工作者共126人,进行一对一双语(彝语或汉语)不记名问卷调查。结果全部调查对象对HIV所有传播途径回答正确的比例为84.9%,但所有非传播途径回答正确的比例仅为38.9%。AIDs知识得分(满分12分),妇幼工作者平均得分9.0±2.4,育龄妇女平均得分8.5±1.7,按3个等级计,可认为育龄妇女知识的掌握与妇幼工作者无明显差异(Z=-1.507,P=0.132)。除县(乡)级妇幼工作者以外,村级妇幼工作者和全部育龄妇女村民对HIV的3种非传播途径、定期服用抗生素不能预防以及目前无有效疫苗或药物预防的知晓率都很低,且对AIDs/HIV感染者歧视现象较严重。结论村级妇幼工作者和全部育龄妇女村民对除传播途径外的艾滋病其他知识相当匮乏,对HIV感染者的歧视、恐惧及过度排斥态度较严重。应加强对该地区基层妇幼工作者和育龄妇女艾滋病知识的培训和教育。

HIV感染者/AIDS患者情绪问题及其相关因素分析

目的:了解长沙市新确认的HIV感染者/AIDS患者情绪问题发生现状并分析其相关因素,为更好地开展该人群的精神卫生服务提供基础数据。方法:将2013年3月1日至2014年2月28日在长沙市艾滋病综合防治信息系统中新确认登记的、符合入组条件的感染者/患者作为连续样本,在知情同意的原则下,采用病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及艾滋病压力量表(HIV/AIDS Stress Scale)进行调查。结果:370例HIV感染者/AIDS患者的抑郁阳性率为40.3%(PHQ-9≥10分),焦虑阳性率为30.5%(GAD-7≥10分)。重度抑郁症状(PHQ-9≥20分)及重度焦虑症状(GAD-7≥15分)分别占8.1%,14.3%。分层回归分析结果显示:工作状况(b=–3.407,P<0.001;b=–2.799,P=0.001)、性取向(b=1.903,P=0.008;b=1.314,P=0.034)、居住情况(b=–1.995,P=0.012;b=–2.167,P=0.002)、出现HIV感染相关症状(b=4.578,P<0.001;b=3.652,P<0.001)、艾滋病相关压力(b=0.081,P<0.001;b=0.090,P<0.001)是HIV感染者/AIDS患者抑郁、焦虑情绪的预测因子,社会支持(b=–0.046,P=0.044)是抑郁情绪的预测因子,并且抑郁(ΔR2=55.8%,P<0.001)、焦虑(ΔR2=54.7%,P<0.001)互为强显著预测因子。结论:在新确认的HIV感染者/AIDS患者中,抑郁、焦虑等情绪问题较为严重,在对该人群进行登记管理的同时应考虑提供必要的心理社会支持及基本的精神卫生服务。

安徽省城市居民HIV/AIDS知识 态度及其与健康教育的关系

目的 了解城市居民艾滋病 (AIDS)知识、态度及其影响因素 ,为深入开展健康教育提供依据。方法 在3个级别的 5个城市中 ,采取连续抽样的方法 ,对 979名居民进行拦截匿名问卷调查 ,内容包括社会人口特征、艾滋病病毒 (HIV) /AIDS知识、对待HIV感染者的态度和接触艾滋病日宣传活动情况。结果 9 6 %的人基本知识得分为满分 ,11 0 %的调查对象无错误认识 ,有 2 2 9%的人对待HIV/AIDS持积极态度。流动人群、文化程度低、女性、未婚和≤ 18岁者AIDS知识薄弱 ;报纸和电视是有效的健康教育途径。结论 充分发挥报纸和电视在居民健康教育中的作用 ,提高居民AIDS知识水平。

HIV/AIDS患者生存质量评价及相关因素研究

目的:了解HIV/AIDS患者生存质量现状及其影响因素。方法:采用世界卫生组织艾滋病生存质量简表(WHOQOLHIV-BREF)评价HIV/AIDS患者的生存质量,同时调查可能影响生存质量的相关因素。结果:HIV/AIDS患者除环境领域外,各领域的得分均显著低于常模。感染年限对心理领域、独立性领域、社会关系领域和环境领域的得分影响明显,感染途径对社会关系领域的得分影响明显,CD4T细胞计数对精神领域的得分影响明显。结论:HIV/AIDS患者生存质量状况低于正常人,感染年限、感染途径、CD4T细胞计数是影响HIV/AIDS患者生存质量的主要因素,感染年限越长HIV/AIDS患者的生存质量越低;CD4T细胞计数值越高,HIV/AIDS患者生存质量越高。

HIV/AIDS中医证型与T淋巴细胞凋亡相关性研究

目的:探讨HIV/AIDS中医证型与T淋巴细胞凋亡的相关性。方法:入组276例HIV/AIDS患者作为病例组,选择11个健康人作为对照组,将入选患者参考中医辨证分型标准分为六种常见证型,检测两组外周血细胞中CD+4、CD+8、CD4/CD95、CD8/CD95表达水平并进行对比分析。结果:各证型患者与健康人相比较,CD+4、CD4/CD95均低于健康人,而CD8/CD95均高于健康人,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD+8均高于健康人,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);两证型比较,痰湿内蕴组CD+4低于气血两虚兼血瘀和气血两虚组,痰湿内蕴组CD8/CD95高于气血两虚兼血瘀和阴虚火旺组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),余比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:HIV/AIDS患者不同证型间T淋巴细胞凋亡存在差异,具有一定的相关性,当证型发生转化时,其T淋巴细胞凋亡水平发生变化。个别指标在辨证两种证型时具有辅助辨证的参考意义。

上海市某区HIV/AIDS病人抗病毒治疗相关知识知晓情况及其影响因素分析

目的了解上海市某区新报告的HIV/AIDS患者艾滋病抗病毒治疗相关知识掌握情况及其影响因素。方法以横断面调查方式对2018年3月至2019年6月上海市某区所有新报告的非外籍、非港澳台地区HIV病毒确认阳性患者进行问卷调查,并对其抗病毒治疗相关问题回答情况评分。对数据进行描述性分析、χ^(2)检验,并用Logistic回归分析影响HIV/AIDS患者抗病毒治疗相关知识水平的相关因素。结果共有195名HIV/AIDS患者完成调查,其中女性5人,男性190人;平均年龄(32.20±10.35)岁;29.74%为本市户籍者;69.23%调查对象文化程度为大专及以上。所有研究对象均为性传播感染且绝大多数(90.26%)为同性性行为感染;73.33%的调查对象发现时无不适主诉;调查对象发现时平均CD4为(282.80±151.25)/mm 3。调查对象抗病毒相关知识总知晓率为52.82%;调查对象中有75.38%不知道哪里可以进行抗病毒治疗,64.62%不清楚国家有关艾滋病患者免费抗病毒的相关政策;通过Logistic回归分析发现,相对于文化程度为高中及以下者,大专及以上学历者艾滋病抗病毒相关知识知晓率更高,OR值为7.813(95%CI:3.311~18.519);主动发现者和既往接受过HIV抗体检测者知晓率更高,OR值分别为2.786(95%CI:1.305~5.917)和2.770(95%CI:1.295~5.917)。进一步研究显示,抗病毒治疗知识知晓组的患者中拥有正面心理状态的比例较高(P<0.01);愿意接受长期医学随访的比例也较高(P<0.05)。结论HIV病毒确认阳性患者中在抗病毒治疗相关知识方面仍存在一定漏洞,并且抗病毒治疗相关知识程度对HIV/AIDS病人建立治疗信念,维持较好的心理状态及提高随访配合意愿均存在重要影响。今后应重视加强对HIV/AIDS患者开展抗病毒治疗相关知识宣教,提高其治疗随访依从性,提升生活质量。

HIV感染者/AIDS疼痛病人躯体及心理症状的相关性分析

[目的]了解人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)疼痛病人躯体、心理症状并探讨其相关性。[方法]根据艾滋病病人躯体症状自评量表和抑郁症筛查量表(P HQ 4)设计调查问卷,采用系统抽样法调查255例门诊或住院HIV感染者/AIDS病人的躯体症状和抑郁发生情况。[结果]255例病人中,111例自述伴有疼痛,疼痛病人发生躯体症状较多的有疲乏(69.37%)、头痛(69.37%)、食欲下降(69.37%);发生心理症状较多的有感到做事提不起兴趣(42.34%)、感到压力很大(41.44%)、感到心情低落(39.64%)、无法控制焦虑(39.64%)。疼痛病人的21项躯体、18项心理症状发生率高于非疼痛病人(P<0.05)。疼痛病人的躯体症状发生率与心理症状发生率呈正相关(r=0.578,P<0.001)、焦虑症状发生率与抑郁症状发生率呈正相关(r=0.759,P<0.001)。[结论]H IV感染者/AIDS疼痛病人的多项躯体、心理症状发生率较高,躯体症状伴随心理症状发生,焦虑症状伴随抑郁症状发生,护理人员应对HIV感染者/AIDS疼痛病人采取积极有效的疼痛管理,以提高HIV感染者/AIDS病人的生活质量。

影响商业性服务提供/受供人群AIDS/HIV危险行为的社会心理个人因素

目的 广泛探讨影响商业性接触中艾滋病 /艾滋病病毒 (AIDS/HIV)危险行为发生的社会、心理和个人经历等因素。方法 采用自我设计的封闭式匿名问卷 ,于 1998年 7月对 70 2名女性商业性服务提供者和 16 5名男性受供者进行调查。结果 单因素分析结果显示 ,男性在商业性行为中不能坚持使用安全套与经济收入高、安全套知识得分低、终生商业性伴数多、自己不主动提出使用安全套以及无性病求医史等因素有关 ,女性则与未婚、AIDS/HIV知识得分低、安全套知识得分低、在消费档次较高的场所从事商业性服务、保持有非商业性关系以及无性病史和无人工流产史等因素有关。Logistic多因素分析结果显示 ,男性在商业性关系中发生AIDS/HIV危险性行为与经济收入高、安全套知识得分低、终生商业性伴数多和无性病史等有关 ,而女性则与其它性病知识得分低、在消费档次较高的场所从事商业性服务、无性病史、无人工流产史、不以安全套作为避孕措施、自己不主动提出使用安全套以及有兼职等有关。结论 商业性服务中HIV危险性行为的发生与参与人群对相关知识的了解以及个人经历关系密切。今后在针对该人群的HIV/AIDS健康教育中注意从这些方面设计宣传教育的内容和方式。