Overexpression of HMGB1 A-box reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation via HMGB1/TLR4 signaling in vitro

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of high mobility group box(HMGB)1 A-box in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation.METHODS: Overexpression of HMGB1 A-box in human intestinal epithelial cell lines(SW480 cells) was achieved using the plasmid p EGFP-N1. HMGB1 A-box-overexpressing SW480 cells were stimulated with LPS and co-culturing with human monocyte-like cell lines(THP-1 cells) using a Transwell system, compared with another HMGB1 inhibitor ethyl pyruvate(EP). The m RNA and protein levels of HMGB1/toll-like receptor(TLR) 4 signaling pathways [including HMGB1, TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor88(MYD88), Phosphorylated Nuclear Factor κB(p NF-κB) p65] in the stimulated cells were determined by realtime polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The levels of the proinflammatory mediators [including HMGB1, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α] in the supernatants of the stimulated cells were determined by ELISA.RESULTS: EP downregulated the m RNA and protein levels of HMGB1, inhibited the TLR4 signaling pathways(TLR4, MYD88 and p NF-κB p65) and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory mediators(HMGB1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the SW480 and THP-1 cells activated by LPS but not in the unstimulated cells. Activated by LPS, the overexpression of HMGB1 A-box in the SW480 cells also inhibited the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathways and reduced the secretion of these proinflammatory mediators in the THP-1 cells but not in the transfected and unstimulated cells. CONCLUSION: HMGB1 A-box, not only EP, can reduce LPS-induced intestinal inflammation through inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathways.

Clinical signification of high-mobility group box 1protein(HMGB1) expression in infiltrating ductalcarcinoma breast tissue

Objective: Exploring the clinical signification of high-mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) expression in infiltrating ductal carcinoma(IDC) breast tissue. Methods: The expression of HMGB1 protein in IDC breast tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relations among size of tumour, lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) were also analyzed. Results: Fortysix cases out of 60 cases of IDC breast tissue showed positive or strong positive HMGB1 expression(76.67%), statistical significance was observed between HMGB1 expression with clinical staging(P < 0.01), lymph node metastasis(P < 0.01), breast cancer ER(P < 0.05) and HER-2(P < 0.05), however same conclusion can not be drawn between HMGB1 with either size of tumour or PR expression(P > 0.05) in IDC breast tissue. Spearman analysis showed negative correlation between HMGB1 expression and ER, and positive correlation between HMGB1 expression and clinical staging, lymph node metastasis together with HER-2. Conclusion: It's promising that HMGB1 expression in IDC tissue can be one of biological indicators of poor prognosis.

重组高迁移率族蛋白B1对肺上皮细胞细胞因子释放的影响及其机制

目的:观察重组高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)对肺上皮细胞致炎细胞因子释放的影响,并初步探讨其机制。方法:采用BEAS-2B人正常肺上皮细胞,观察1、10、100、1 000μg/L重组HMGB1蛋白对细胞培养上清液中致炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6含量的影响,及10 mg/L Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)抗体处理对HMGB1诱导致炎细胞因子释放的抑制作用。TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量均采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测。结果:不同剂量重组HMGB1诱导肺上皮细胞12 h后,培养上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均呈HMGB1剂量依赖性升高;100μg/L HMGB1分别诱导肺上皮细胞3、6、12和24 h后,培养上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均呈显著性升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),IL-1β、IL-6含量随诱导时间延长而升高,而TNF-α含量于诱导后6 h达峰值;TLR4抗体处理后TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6释放均受到部分抑制(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:HMGB1对肺上皮细胞释放TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6具有诱导作用,其机制可能与胞膜TLR4有关。

Maraviroc promotes recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice by suppression of neuroinflammation and activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes

Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist,has been viewed as a new therapeutic strategy for many neuroinflammatory diseases.We studied the effect of maraviroc on TBI-induced neuroinflammation.A moderate-TBI mouse model was subjected to a controlled cortical impact device.Maraviroc or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after TBI and then once per day for 3 consecutive days.Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling)analyses were performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of maraviroc at 3 days post-TBI.Our results suggest that maraviroc administration reduced NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,modulated microglial polarization from M1 to M2,decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors after TBI.Moreover,maraviroc treatment decreased the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes,which,in turn,exacerbated neuronal cell death.Additionally,we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of maraviroc using the modified neurological severity score,rotarod test,Morris water maze test,and lesion volume measurements.In summary,our findings indicate that maraviroc might be a desirable pharmacotherapeutic strategy for TBI,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 might be a promising pharmacotherapeutic target to improve recovery after TBI.

Upregulation of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 can inhibit ferroptosis,which has been associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,in individuals with head and neck cancer.Therefore,CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 may be implicated in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.To validate this hypothesis in the present study,we established mouse models of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and HT22 cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to mimic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro,respectively.We found remarkably decreased CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 expression in the mouse brain tissue and HT22 cells.When we used adeno-associated virus and plasmid to up-regulate CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 expression in the brain tissue and HT22 cell models separately,mouse neurological dysfunction was greatly improved;the cerebral infarct volume was reduced;the survival rate of HT22 cells was increased;HT22 cell injury was alleviated;the expression of ferroptosis-related glutathione peroxidase 4,cystine-glutamate antiporter,and glutathione was increased;the levels of malondialdehyde,iron ions,and the expression of transferrin receptor 1 were decreased;and the expression of nuclear-factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 was increased.Inhibition of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 upregulation via the nuclear-factor E2-related factor 2 inhibitor ML385 in oxygen-glucose deprived and reoxygenated HT22 cells blocked the neuroprotective effects of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 up-regulation and the activation of the nuclear-factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway.Our data indicate that the up-regulation of CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 can attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,thus providing theoretical support from the perspectives of cytology and experimental zoology for the use of this protein as a therapeutic target in patients with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

P2X7受体与炎性细胞因子

P2X7受体是嘌呤受体中功能独特的一个亚型,为ATP控制的离子通道,在单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞中高表达,被ATP激活后导致K+外流和Ca2+内流、非选择性膜孔形成,启动一系列信号途径如炎症小体NALP3的活化,丝裂原蛋白激酶途径激活NF-κB增强炎性细胞因子转录,ROS和氮介质的产生,介导IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α、MIP-2、CCL2、HMGB1等多种炎性细胞因子的释放,参与炎症的发生发展,与真菌感染及阿尔茨海默病、类风湿性关节炎、哮喘等炎症性疾病密切相关。

温肾方对乙肝肝硬化合并肝性脑病患者疗效及HMGB1,TLR4含量的影响

目的:观察温肾方治疗乙肝肝硬化合并肝性脑病肾阳虚证患者的临床疗效及其对高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1),Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)含量的影响。方法:纳入成都中医药大学附属医院2013年8月至2015年1月收治的66例乙肝肝硬化合并肝性脑病患者。采用前瞻性、平行对照方法设计,将纳入的66例患者按1∶1分为治疗组和对照组,每组各33例。对照组给予常规内科综合治疗、结肠透析和安慰剂灌肠。治疗组给予常规内科综合治疗、结肠透析和温肾方灌肠。疗程均为10日。治疗前后分别检测患者肝功能水平、数字连接试验(number connect test,NCT)时间、数字符号试验(digit-symbol test,DST)评分及血氨水平,外周血HMGB1,TLR4含量。治疗结束后,分别计算两组患者清醒时间及总有效率。结果:两组患者基线具有可比性。治疗结束后,治疗组总有效率优于对照组(P <0. 05)。治疗组在血氨下降幅度,肝功能恢复程度,NCT时间下降幅度,SDT评分增加程度以及患者清醒时间缩短幅度等方面均优于对照组(P <0. 05)。治疗结束后,治疗组外周血HMGB1,TLR4含量低于对照组(P <0. 05)。结论:温肾方可显著提高乙肝肝硬化合并肝性脑病肾阳虚证患者的临床疗效,其作用机制可能与抑制HMGB1,TLR4含量,进而抑制炎症因子释放,降低血氨水平有关。

电针下合穴对急性胃黏膜损伤模型大鼠HMGB1及nAchR α7的对比研究

目的:观察分别电针急性胃黏膜损伤(AGML)模型大鼠胃、大肠、小肠、胆腑下合穴后对白介素-1β(IL-1β)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)及烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体α7(nAchRα7)的影响,探讨干预足三里治疗胃腑病变是否存在相对特异性。方法:将60只健康SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、足三里组、上巨虚组、下巨虚组及阳陵泉组共6组,每组10只,雌雄各半。除空白组外均采用WRS法诱导建立急性胃黏膜损伤大鼠模型,空白组常规饲养,模型组束缚于鼠板上30min/次,足三里、上巨虚、下巨虚及阳陵泉组分别针刺与组名相应的双侧穴位并接电子针疗仪(疏密波10Hz/50Hz,左侧接正极,右侧接负极,强度以大鼠后肢末端轻微抖动为宜)治疗30 min,每天1次,连续治疗10d后,取胃组织,肉眼观察胃黏膜损伤情况并评分,ELISA法检测血清IL-1β及组织HMGB1含量,Western blot法检测nAchRα7的表达。结果:(1)与模型组比较,余组胃黏膜损伤指数(UI)、血清IL-1β及胃组织HMGB1含量均较低,且胃组织nAchRα7表达均较高(P<0.05,P<0.01);(2)与足三里组比较,上巨虚、下巨虚、阳陵泉组胃组织UI及血清IL-1β和胃HMGB1水平均较高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且阳陵泉组nAchRα7表达明显偏低(P<0.01)。结论:(1)电针与消化系统相关的内腑下合穴均可通过IL-1β、HMGB1及nAchRα7等调节机体免疫应答、减轻炎性反应、降低黏膜损伤,实现对AGML模型大鼠的干预治疗作用;(2)对比可知:足三里组对AGML模型大鼠的总体干预效应优于其他组,部分说明足三里穴与对应胃腑之间存在相对特异性。

Regulation of neuroimmune processes by damage-and resolution-associated molecular patterns

Sterile inflammatory processes are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,but they also contribute to various neurological disorders,including neurotrauma,stroke,and demyelinating or neurodegenerative diseases.Immune mechanisms in the central nervous system and periphery are regulated by a diverse group of endogenous proteins,which can be broadly divided into the pro-inflammatory damageassociated molecular patterns(DAMPs)and anti-inflammatory resolution-associated molecular patterns(RAMPs),even though there is notable overlap between the DAMPand RAMP-like activities for some of these molecules.Both groups of molecular patterns were initially described in peripheral immune processes and pathologies;however,it is now evident that at least some,if not all,of these immunomodulators also regulate neuroimmune processes and contribute to neuroinflammation in diverse central nervous system disorders.The review of recent literature demonstrates that studies on DAMPs and RAMPs of the central nervous system still lag behind the much broader research effort focused on their peripheral counterparts.Nevertheless,this review also reveals that over the last five years,significant advances have been made in our understanding of the neuroimmune functions of several well-established DAMPs,including high-mobility group box 1 protein and interleukin 33.Novel neuroimmune functions have been demonstrated for other DAMPs that previously were considered almost exclusively as peripheral immune regulators;they include mitochondrial transcription factor A and cytochrome C.RAMPs of the central nervous system are an emerging area of neuroimmunology with very high translational potential since some of these molecules have already been used in preclinical and clinical studies as candidate therapeutic agents for inflammatory conditions,such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.The therapeutic potential of DAMP antagonists and neutralizing antibodies in central nervous system neuroinflammatory diseases is also supported by several of the identified studies.It can be concluded that further studies of DAMPs and RAMPs of the central nervous system will continue to be an important and productive field of neuroimmunology.

HMGB1 is a critical molecule in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis

Gram-negative sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS),expressed on Gram-negative bacteria,is a potent pro-inflammatory toxin that induces inflammation and coagulation via two separate receptor systems.One is Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),expressed on cell surfaces and in endosomes,and the other is the cytosolic receptor caspase-11(caspases-4 and-5 in hu-mans).Extracellular LPS binds to high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)protein,a cytokine-like molecule.The HMGB1-LPS complex is transported via receptor for advanced glycated end products(RAGE)-endocytosis to the endolysosomal system to reach the cytosolic LPS receptor caspase-11 to induce HMGB1 release,inflammation,and coagulation that may cause multi-organ failure.The insight that LPS needs HMGB1 assistance to generate severe inflammation has led to successful therapeutic results in preclinical Gram-negative sepsis studies target-ing HMGB1.However,to date,no clinical studies have been performed based on this strategy.HMGB1 is also actively released by peripheral sensory nerves and this mechanism is fundamental for the initiation and prop-agation of inflammation during tissue injury.Homeostasis is achieved when other neurons actively restrict the inflammatory response via monitoring by the central nervous system and the vagus nerve through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.The neuronal control in Gram-negative sepsis needs further studies since a deeper understanding of the interplay between HMGB1 and acetylcholine may have beneficial therapeutic implications.Herein,we review the synergistic overlapping mechanisms of LPS and HMGB1 and discuss future treatment opportunities in Gram-negative sepsis.

脓毒症患者高迁移率族蛋白-1的变化及应用卡巴胆碱进行体外干预的研究

目的观察烧伤后脓毒症患者高迁移率族蛋白-1（HMGB-1）的变化，探讨卡巴胆碱对脂多糖刺激后单核细胞释放HMGB-1的影响及其作用机制。方法取烧伤后脓毒症患者及正常献血员外周血，ELISA法检测HMGB-1含量。观察烧伤后脓毒症对HMGB-1的影响。取正常献血员外周血，分离获得单核细胞。实验分为6组：空白对照组的单核细胞仅加1640培养液；脂多糖组单核细胞仅加脂多糖刺激；烟碱预处理组和卡巴胆碱预处理组先用卡巴胆碱或烟碱预处理单核细胞5min，再加入脂多糖刺激；阿托品＋卡巴胆碱预处理组和α-银环蛇毒素＋卡巴胆碱预处理组先在单核细胞悬液中加入阿托品或α-银环蛇毒素，5min后给予卡巴胆碱，再5min后给予脂多糖刺激。孵育48h后取细胞培养上清液，ELISA法检测HMGB-1浓度。结果烧伤后脓毒症患者HMGB-1的含量[（12．94±6．54）μg/L]明显增加，与正常献血员[（2．01±0．03）μg／L]比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。脂多糖单独刺激单核细胞时，HMGB-1含量[（9．39±1．37）μg/L]较对照组[（1．48±0．69）μg／L]明显升高（P〈0．01）。用卡巴胆碱或烟碱预处理细胞后，HMGB-1含量明显下降[（3．52±1．64）μg/L与（4．01±1．56）μg／L]，与脂多糖单独刺激组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。阿托品预处理细胞后，卡巴胆碱对脂多糖刺激下单核细胞释放HMGB-1的抑制作用无明显变化[（3．87±2．01）μg／L]，而α-银环蛇毒素预处理细胞后，卡巴胆碱对HMGB-1的抑制作用明显减弱[（8．97±1．97）μg／L]。结论烧伤后脓毒症患者HMGB-1释放明显增加，卡巴胆碱能够减少单核细胞释放HMGB-1，其作用机制可能是通过N样胆碱能受体α-7亚基实现的。

Effect of Shenqi Yangxin decoction on high mobility group box 1and inflammatory signal pathway in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Shenqi Yangxin decoction(SQYXD) on heart function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and its potential mechanisms.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal(10 rats) and DCM(150 rats)groups. DCM was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. Then, DCM baseline group was randomly selected sixteen DCM rats. The remaining DCM rats were randomly divided into DCM control, perindopril, metoprolol, and SQYXD groups. Cardiac function and histological analysis plus biochemical measurement of serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), and inflammatory factors were measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4), receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE), and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) were determined. Myocardial metabolism imaging was performed on the normal, SQYXD and DCM control groups to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.RESULTS: Rats in the DCM control group exhibited dilated left ventricular diameter, impaired cardiac function, disorganized sarcomere, impaired glucose metabolism, increased heart weight index,and increased levels of BNP, which were improved by treatment with SQYXD. In addition, hearts from rats in the DCM baseline group exhibited significantly higher levels of HMGB1, TLR-4, RAGE, NF-κB,tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, compared with the normal group. Interestingly, the mRNA level of HMGB1 in the DCM baseline group was positively correlated with that of TLR-4, RAGE, NF-κB, BNP, and LVEDD,but negatively correlated with LVEF. SQYXD inhibited the upregulation of HMGB1 expression and its downstream inflammatory factors.CONCLUSION: Shenqi Yangxin decoction effectively reduced the dilated left ventricular diameter and improved heart function in dilated cardiomyopathy. The mechanisms underlying the action on DCM involve regulating the gene and protein expression of HMGB1 and its inflammatory signal pathways in the DCM rat model.

Targeting TLR4 and regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway with andrographolide to suppress inflammation and ferroptosis in LPS-induced acute lung injury

Acute lung injury(ALI)is a severe inflammatory condition with a high mortality rate,often precipitated by sepsis.The pathophysiology of ALI involves complex mechanisms,including inflammation,oxidative stress,and ferroptosis,a novel form of regulated cell death.This study explores the therapeutic potential of andrographolide(AG),a bioactive compound derived from Andrographis,in mitigating Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation and ferroptosis.Our research employed in vitro experiments with RAW264.7 macrophage cells and in vivo studies using a murine model of LPS-induced ALI.The results indicate that AG significantly suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits ferroptosis in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.In vivo,AG treatment markedly reduces lung edema,decreases inflammatory cell infiltration,and mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissues of LPS-induced ALI mice.These protective effects are mediated via the modulation of the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.Molecular docking simulations identified the binding sites of AG on the TLR4 protein(Kd value:-33.5 kcal·mol^(-1)),and these interactions were further corroborated by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay(CETSA)and SPR assays.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that AG exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-ferroptosis effects in LPS-induced ALI by targeting TLR4 and modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.This study underscores AG's potential as a therapeutic agent for ALI and provides new insights into its underlying mechanisms of action.

电针足三里对严重烫伤致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨电针足三里对严重烫伤致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,体重200～250 g,随机分为5组（n=8）：对照组、烫伤组、足三里组、非经非穴组和α-银环蛇毒素组（α-BGT组）.对照组尾静脉注射生理盐水1 ml.烫伤组、足三里组、非经非穴组和α-BGT组先制备30%总体表面积Ⅲ度烫伤模型,然后烫伤组尾静脉注射生理盐水1 ml;足三里组于双侧足三里穴垂直进针7 mm,给予脉冲电流（电压3V,电流2ms,频率3 Hz）持续刺激12 mim,间隔8 h刺激1次,持续2 d;非经非穴组于双侧足三里穴旁5mm处给予脉冲刺激,方法同足三里组;α-BGT组尾静脉注射α-BGT 1.0 μg/kg,再于双侧足三里穴给予脉冲刺激,方法同足三里组.各组处理结束后,处死大鼠,取肺组织,光镜下观察病理学结果,电镜下观察超微结构,采用ELISA法测定肺组织高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGBl）含量,采用免疫组化法测定HMGBl蛋白表达,采用RT-PCR法测定HMGBl mRNA表达.结果 烫伤组肺组织光镜下可见肺泡壁崩解,泡内大量渗出液,间质水肿、肥厚和增生,伴大量炎性细胞浸润;电镜下可见细胞核形态不规则,核膜僵硬,部分凸凹不平和核溶解,胞质内板层小体明显减少,肺组织病理损伤程度较对照组减轻.与对照组比较,烫伤组、非经非穴组和α-BGT组肺组织HMGBl含量升高,HMGBl蛋白及其mRNA的表达上调（P〈0.05）,足三里组各指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;与烫伤组比较,足三里组肺组织HMGBl含量降低,HMGBl蛋白及其mRNA的表达下调,非经非穴组和α-BGT组肺组织HMGBl mRNA表达下调（P〈0.05）;与足三里组比较,非经非穴组和α-BGT组肺组织HMGBl含量升高,HMGBl蛋白及其mRNA的表达上调（P〈0.05）.结论 电针足三里可减轻严重烫伤致大鼠急性肺损伤,其机制与激活含α7亚基N型胆碱能受体介导的胆碱能抗炎通路,抑制肺组织HMGBl的表达有关.

高迁移率族蛋白通过Toll样受体4降低天然调节性T细胞的抑制功能及其机制

探讨Toll样受体4的内源性配体高迁移率族蛋白(high mobility group box protein 1,HMGB1)对天然调节性T细胞(natural regulatory T cells,n Tregs)抑制功能的影响及其机制。磁珠法分选健康人外周血中n Tregs,流式细胞术检测分选纯度后进行原代细胞培养。将不同浓度的HMGB1(0.01μg/m L,0.1μg/m L,1μg/m L)分别加入抗TLR4单抗封闭的n Tregs(即anti-TLR4+HMGB1组)和正常n Tregs(即Non anti-TLR4组)两组细胞、同时设定不加HMGB1作为对照组。采用实时定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测各组n Tregs中IL-10、TGF-β和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平和细胞培养上清液中蛋白含量。采用CFSE法流式细胞术检测不同浓度HMGB1处理的n Tregs与CD4+T效应细胞混合培养后CD4+T细胞的增殖水平。Westernblotting检测HMGB1刺激后n Tregs的胞浆及胞核中NF-κBP65蛋白表达水平。结果分选得到的n Tregs纯度>82%(84.52±2.10%)。Non anti-TLR4组中CD4+CD25+Tregs的IL-10、TGF-β的RNA水平及蛋白含量均较无HMGB1刺激的对照组明显降低(p<0.05),而anti-TLR4组中较相应对照组显著增高(p<0.05);IFN-γ的RNA水平及蛋白含量在Non anti-TLR4组中较对照组增加(p<0.05),而在anti-TLR4组中明显低于相应对照组(p<0.05)。CD4+CD25+Tregs显著抑制CD4+T细胞的增殖,与CD3/CD28抗体活化的阳性对照组相比有差异(p<0.05)。经HMGB1刺激的Nonanti-TLR4组中,CD4+T细胞增殖指数较无HMGB1刺激的对照组增高(p<0.05);anti-TLR4组中,CD4+T细胞增殖指数较无HMGB1刺激的相应对照组明显降低(p<0.05)。1μg/m L HMGB1刺激两组CD4+CD25+Tregs后,Non anti-TLR4组胞浆蛋白中NF-κBp65的含量较无刺激对照组降低,而胞核中则相应增加;anti-TLR4组则无明显改变。当TLR4与内源性配体HMGB1结合后,CD4+CD25+Tregs表达及分泌抑制性因子IL-10、TGF-β降低而促炎性细胞因子IFN-γ增加,抑制CD4+T增殖能力减弱,其抑制功能减弱,功能变化机制与NF-κB信号分子的活化相关。