Modification conditions determine the surface topography and the active material phase composition of a catalyst.To study the influence of modification on a carbon-based sorbent,coconut husk activated carbon(AC)which ...Modification conditions determine the surface topography and the active material phase composition of a catalyst.To study the influence of modification on a carbon-based sorbent,coconut husk activated carbon(AC)which was activated using HNO3 and modified by FeSO4 and Fe(NO3)3 was examined.The pore textures and surface chemical characteristics of the carbon materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The surface topography,the pore structure,active materials,and functional groups of AC,AC modificated by HNO3(HNO3/AC for short),and AC modificated by FeSO4 and Fe(NO3)3(Fe/AC for short)were systematically studied.Subsequently,the mechanism of modifying the conditions for the carbon materials was determined.Results showed that the surface micro topography of HNO3/AC became unsystematic and disordered.After modification with FeSO4,the ferriferous oxide was mainly present as a near-spherical crystal.Ferriferous oxides from Fe(NO3)3 modification mainly exhibited a plate shape.HNO3 modification could enlarge the pores but decrease the specific surface area of AC.FeSO4 modification resulted in a new net post structure in the pore canal of AC.Fe(NO3)3 modification caused the pore space structure to develop in the interior,and a higher calcination temperature was useful for ablation.The ash content of the AC was substantially reduced upon HNO3 modification.Upon FeSO4 modification,α-FeOOH,α-Fe2O3 andγ-Fe2O3 coexisted under the condition of a lower concentration of FeSO4 and a lower calcination temperature,and a higher FeSO4 concentration and calcination temperature generated moreα-Fe2O3.The same Fe(NO3)3 modification and a higher calcination temperature were beneficial to the minor chipping formation ofγ-Fe2O3.A higher Fe(NO3)3 loading produced a lower graphitization degree.HNO3 modification formed various new oxygen-containing functional groups and few nitrogen-containing groups.Based on the cover,FeSO4 and Fe(NO3)3 modification could decrease the oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups.These results could optimize the modification condition and improve physical and chemical properties of carbon-based sorbents.展开更多
Single-phaseα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers were directly synthesized from waste Ca(NO3)2 solution using a hydrothermal method,and HNO3 was synchronously regenerated.The effects of reaction temperature and Ca^2+concentr...Single-phaseα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers were directly synthesized from waste Ca(NO3)2 solution using a hydrothermal method,and HNO3 was synchronously regenerated.The effects of reaction temperature and Ca^2+concentration on the phase composition and morphology of products were determined by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy.On the basis of the experimental results,the formation diagram ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O was plotted within the range of 5–35 g·L^-1 Ca^2+and 115°C–150°C.In addition,the conditions of the direct synthesis ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O were determined.Well-crystallized,single-phaseα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers with high aspect ratios(length,1785μm;diameter,10.63μm;aspect ratio,168)and HNO3(70.25 g·L^-1)were obtained at the optimal conditions of 25 g·L^-1 Ca^2+and 125°C.展开更多
基金Project(2182040)supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProjects(51674026,51974025,U1802253)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(FRF-TT-19-001)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
基金General Project of Science and Technology Plan of Yunnan Science and Technology Department,China(No.2019FB077)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Metallurgical Emission Reduction and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources,China(No.JKF19-08)。
文摘Modification conditions determine the surface topography and the active material phase composition of a catalyst.To study the influence of modification on a carbon-based sorbent,coconut husk activated carbon(AC)which was activated using HNO3 and modified by FeSO4 and Fe(NO3)3 was examined.The pore textures and surface chemical characteristics of the carbon materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The surface topography,the pore structure,active materials,and functional groups of AC,AC modificated by HNO3(HNO3/AC for short),and AC modificated by FeSO4 and Fe(NO3)3(Fe/AC for short)were systematically studied.Subsequently,the mechanism of modifying the conditions for the carbon materials was determined.Results showed that the surface micro topography of HNO3/AC became unsystematic and disordered.After modification with FeSO4,the ferriferous oxide was mainly present as a near-spherical crystal.Ferriferous oxides from Fe(NO3)3 modification mainly exhibited a plate shape.HNO3 modification could enlarge the pores but decrease the specific surface area of AC.FeSO4 modification resulted in a new net post structure in the pore canal of AC.Fe(NO3)3 modification caused the pore space structure to develop in the interior,and a higher calcination temperature was useful for ablation.The ash content of the AC was substantially reduced upon HNO3 modification.Upon FeSO4 modification,α-FeOOH,α-Fe2O3 andγ-Fe2O3 coexisted under the condition of a lower concentration of FeSO4 and a lower calcination temperature,and a higher FeSO4 concentration and calcination temperature generated moreα-Fe2O3.The same Fe(NO3)3 modification and a higher calcination temperature were beneficial to the minor chipping formation ofγ-Fe2O3.A higher Fe(NO3)3 loading produced a lower graphitization degree.HNO3 modification formed various new oxygen-containing functional groups and few nitrogen-containing groups.Based on the cover,FeSO4 and Fe(NO3)3 modification could decrease the oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups.These results could optimize the modification condition and improve physical and chemical properties of carbon-based sorbents.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(2182040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674026,U1802253)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TT-19-001)the China Scholarship Council(201906465004)。
文摘Single-phaseα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers were directly synthesized from waste Ca(NO3)2 solution using a hydrothermal method,and HNO3 was synchronously regenerated.The effects of reaction temperature and Ca^2+concentration on the phase composition and morphology of products were determined by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy.On the basis of the experimental results,the formation diagram ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O was plotted within the range of 5–35 g·L^-1 Ca^2+and 115°C–150°C.In addition,the conditions of the direct synthesis ofα-CaSO4·0.5H2O were determined.Well-crystallized,single-phaseα-CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers with high aspect ratios(length,1785μm;diameter,10.63μm;aspect ratio,168)and HNO3(70.25 g·L^-1)were obtained at the optimal conditions of 25 g·L^-1 Ca^2+and 125°C.
