A detailed rock density model of the Hong Kong territories

We used the geological map and published rock density measurements to compile the digital rock density model for the Hong Kong territories.We then estimated the average density for the whole territory.According to our result,the rock density values in Hong Kong vary from 2101 to 2681 kg·m^(-3).These density values are typically smaller than the average density of 2670 kg·m^(-3),often adopted to represent the average density of the upper continental crust in physical geodesy and gravimetric geophysics applications.This finding reflects that the geological configuration in Hong Kong is mainly formed by light volcanic formations and lava flows with overlying sedimentary deposits at many locations,while the percentage of heavier metamorphic rocks is very low(less than 1%).This product will improve the accuracy of a detailed geoid model and orthometric heights.

A Comparative Study of the L2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and Linguistic Proficiency

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Tao Hong Si Wu Tang in mice with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND Lung cancer(LC)combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common combination of comorbidities.Anti-inflammation and modulation of oxidative/antioxidative imbalance may prevent COPD-induced LC,and are also crucial to the treatment of LC combined with COPD.Modern studies have shown that Tao Hong Si Wu Tang(THSW)has vasodilatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-fatigue,anti-shock,immunoregulatory,lipid-reducing,micronutrient-supplementing,and anti-allergy effects.AIM To observe the effects of THSW on COPD and LC in mice.METHODS A total of 100 specific pathogen-free C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into five groups:Blank control group(group A),model control group(group B),THSW group(group C),IL-6 group(group D),and THSW+IL-6 group(group E),with 20 mice in each group.A COPD mouse model was established using fumigation plus lipopolysaccharide intra-airway drip,and an LC model was replicated by in situ inoculation using the Lewis cell method.RESULTS The blank control group exhibited a clear alveolar structure.The model control and IL-6 groups had thickened alveolar walls,with smaller alveolar lumens,interstitial edema,and several inflammatory infiltrating cells.Histopathological changes in the lungs of the THSW and THSW+IL-6 groups were less than those of the model control group.The serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels and IL-6R,JAK,p-JAK,STAT1/3,p-STAT1/3,FOXO,p-FOXO,and IL-7R expression levels in lung tissues of mice in the rest of the groups were significantly higher than those of the blank control group(P<0.01).Compared with the model control group,the IL-6 group demonstrated significantly higher levels for the abovementioned proteins in the serum and lung tissues(P<0.01),and the THSW group had significantly higher serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels and IL-7R expression levels in lung tissues(P<0.01)but significantly decreased IL-6R,JAK,p-JAK,STAT1/3,p-STAT1/3,FOXO,p-FOXO,and IL-7R levels(P<0.01).CONCLUSION THSW reduces the serum IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels in the mouse model with anti-inflammatory effects.Its antiinflammatory mechanism lies in inhibiting the overactivation of the JAK/STAT1/3 signaling pathway.

Using Five Music Instructional Methods to Illustrate the Social Constructive Music Teaching Framework in Hong Kong Primary Level Music Education

Music education under the frame name of arts education has been integrated into the primary and secondary education curriculums in Hong Kong for more than 20 years,starting from 2001,the year of launching the Learning to Learn curriculum for the reconstruction of the education system for the younger generation.Music education,embedded into the arts education,was therefore regarded as one of the key subjects to cultivate and uplift student holistic development,focusing on aesthetic skill training and moral growth development.This research was an exploration study of music teaching practices from two private international and two general public school music teachers at the primary school level.The value of this study rested on borrowing the idea of Shulman’s pedagogical content knowledge(PCK)principle to create a social constructivist music teaching framework from five commonly-used instructional methods,namely,Orff,Kodaly,Dalcrozes,Suzuki,and Gordon’s approaches.Based on the evaluations of these four case studies,hypotheses on the differences in the PCK were tested with the types of schools and found to be no difference.The preliminary results suggested that music teachers in private international schools had similar pedagogical approaches to music instruction to teachers in aided-public schools.Additionally,the modeling,guiding,and training approach was identified as a grounded teaching method for music education at the primary school level regardless of different types of schools.Other implications like the further development of the framework were discussed.

Drivability of Large Diameter Steel Cylinders During Hammer-Group Vibratory Installation for the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge(HZMB)involved the installation of 120 mega-cylinders with a diameter of 22 m,weights up to 513 t,and penetration depths up to 33 m using an eight-vibratory hammer group.Due to the lack of engineering experience on the drivability of large-diameter cylinders under multiple vibratory hammers,predicting the penetration rate and time of steel cylinders is an open challenge that has a considerable impact on the construction control of the HZMB.In this study,the vibratory penetration of large-diameter steel cylinders in the HZMB is investigated based on geological surveys,field monitoring,and drivability analysis.The vibratory penetration rate,installation accuracy,and dynamic responses of the steel cylinders at both the eastern and western artificial islands are analyzed.The dynamic soil resistance has a great influence on the cylinder drivability.However,the current design methods for estimating the vibratory driving soil resistance are proven inaccurate without considering the scale effects.Therefore,a modified method with a normalized effective area ratio A_(r,eff)is proposed in this study to calculate the vibratory soil resistance for open-ended thin-wall cylinders under unplugged conditions.Considering the scale effects on the vibratory driving soil resistance,the proposed method leads to closer results to the measured data,providing a reference for future engineering practice.

Predicting Carpark Prices Indices in Hong Kong Using AutoML

The aims of this study were threefold:1)study the research gap in carpark and price index via big data and natural language processing,2)examine the research gap of carpark indices,and 3)construct carpark price indices via repeat sales methods and predict carpark indices via the AutoML.By researching the keyword“carpark”in Google Scholar,the largest electronic academic database that coversWeb of Science and Scopus indexed articles,this study obtained 999 articles and book chapters from 1910 to 2019.It confirmed that most carpark research threw light on multi-storey carparks,management and ventilation systems,and reinforced concrete carparks.The most common research method was case studies.Regarding price index research,many previous studies focused on consumer,stock,press and futures,with many keywords being related to finance and economics.These indicated that there is no research predicting carpark price indices based on an AutoML approach.This study constructed repeat sales indices for 18 districts in Hong Kong by using 34,562 carpark transaction records from December 2009 to June 2019.Wanchai’s carpark price was about four times that of Yuen Long’s carpark price,indicating the considerable carpark price differences inHong Kong.This research evidenced the features that affected the carpark price indices models most:gold price ranked the first in all 19 models;oil price or Link stock price ranked second depending on the district,and carpark affordability ranked third.

Effects of Manganese on the Antioxidant System and Related Gene Expression Levels in the “Hong Yang” Kiwifruit Seedlings

To explore how manganese affects the antioxidant system and the expression levels of related genes of“Hong yang”seedlings,the leaves of its tissue cultured seedlings were taken as test materials,and single factor treatment was performed by changing the manganese chloride(MnCl_(2)·4H_(2)O)solution concentration when spraying the leaves.The expression levels of Mn-SOD,POD64 and POD27 genes in leaves were quantitatively analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)at different determination times.Meanwhile,the contents of malondial-dehyde(MDA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD).The results showed that the SOD,CAT,POD,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and reduced glutathione(GSH)activities in leaves were the highest at 12 h post-treatment with 50μM MnCl_(2)·4H_(2)O.Furthermore,the contents of MDA and H_(2)O_(2) in leaves also peaked when the concentration of H_(2)O_(2) is 50μM,which is the minimum value.Additionally at 50μM Mn^(2+),the Mn-SOD and POD27 expression was up-regulated as compared to the control,which promoted the expression of their respective enzyme activities.However,POD64 expression increased with the increasing Mn^(2+) concentration.Therefore,50μM is the optimal concentration of Mn when exogenously applied on“Hong yang”,which improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and regulate the plant’s physiological and biochemical functions.

基于SSA-BP网络模型的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉时延测量研究及其在量子陀螺仪中的应用

作为航空航天导航系统的重要器件,高灵敏度的光学陀螺仪一直是国内外科研工作者的研究重点.经典光学陀螺仪因真空零点波动使其灵敏度受到散粒噪声极限的制约,无法满足日益发展的量子导航需求.本文提出了基于频率纠缠源及Hong-Ou-Mandel(HOM)干涉的量子陀螺仪方案,利用SSA-BP神经网络模型模拟不同的泵浦光和非线性晶体参数,以预测HOM干涉图谱的特性参量干涉可见度及干涉宽度.结合量子Fisher信息理论,获得时延差的最大量子Fisher信息可达1.999,计算得出时延差的不确定度与散粒噪声极限的最小比值为0.707,并依据量子陀螺仪时延差与旋转角速度的关系,验证出旋转角速度的测量灵敏度较经典光学陀螺仪提高了2个数量级.证明上述方案可以实现超越散粒噪声极限的测量灵敏度,能为后续量子陀螺仪的实验验证提供理论支持.

A Comparative Study of Hong Lou Meng and Moment in Peking

Hong Lou Meng and Moment in Peking are both well know noves home and abroad.Based on a comparative analysis,it can be found that these two noves have many similarities in the arrangement of structure,plot,chracterization,and language style.Through a detailed analysis of these two noves,this paper explored the smilarities and also discussed the factors for this phenominon.

Investigation on the Integration of “Gao” in Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin

From the diachronic dimension,this paper makes a two-way interactive investigation on the integration of Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin.“Gao”is a delexical verb in contemporary Chinese.In different words and expressions related to“gao”character,there are mutual absorptions between Chinese mainland and Hong Kong,which is characterized by starting from nothing to something and from less to more.

On the“Past and Present”of Hong Kong’s Finance

Finance is vital to a country,and Hong Kong,as a special part of the large economy of China,has unique advantages and development history.And Hong Kong’s growth from a small fishing village to a financial centre has its inevitable factors:historical,geographical and policy advantages.After nearly a century of rapid development,Hong Kong has achieved many proud accomplishments in the following fields:economy,medicine,education,etc.In the process,the cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland has become increasingly close,and the two sides of the Strait have become excellent“partners”.In recent years,due to the COVID-19 epidemic and the rise of China as a big economy,Hong Kong is facing an unavoidable dilemma.In view of this,the authors suggest that Hong Kong can develop financial technology,enhance financial security,implement green finance,and promote corporate innovation.At the same time,Hong Kong should also strengthen the relationship with the mainland.Generally speaking,under the current circumstances,Hong Kong will continue to exist as an important financial center of China,but Hong Kong should also actively face the challenges of the times and explore new developments directions in the future.

Three New Species of the Genus Caenis from Hong Kong, China (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae)

Three new species of the genus Caenis (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae), Caenis aspera sp nov , Caenis bicornis sp nov and Caenis lubrica sp nov , are described from Hong Kong, China. All type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, China.

海拉尔盆地Hong-5井早白垩世孢粉组合及其地质意义

依据内蒙古自治区海拉尔盆地北部Hong-5井1631~2270m井段8块样品的孢粉鉴定数据,建立了Cicatricosisporites-Protoconiferus-Perinopollenites孢粉组合,其特征为裸子植物花粉百分含量(82.29%~93.08%)远高于蕨类植物孢子百分含量(6.92%~17.71%),Protoconiferus和Perinopollenites百分含量高是本组合的突出特征,出现了下伏塔木兰沟组没有的早白垩世孢粉类型Cicatricosisporites、Aequitriradites、Pilosisporites、Maculatisporites、Fixisporites、Exesipollenites、Jiaohepollis、Erlianpollis和Parvisaccites等,可作为邻井地层对比的孢粉地层学标准。组合中早白垩世孢粉特征分子数量虽然较低,但类型较丰富,同时古松柏类花粉类型多样,百分含量高(6.62%~24.22%),海金砂科分子类型尚未达到多样化且百分含量低,可确定其地质时代为Berriasian—Valanginian期。Hong-5井1631~2270m井段孢粉组合特征可与Hong-6井铜钵庙组上部的孢粉组合对比,因此该井段可划归到铜钵庙组,解决了该井段地层层位归属问题。

Preserving the literary past, looking to the future: the first Hong Kong Literature Database

In the last two decades of the 20th century, there has been an increasing interest in and emphasis on the study of the Hong Kong literature in both the academic and general public in Hong Kong. Recognizing the emergent need of the resources on Hong Kong literature, the University Library System of the Chinese University of Hong Kong set up the Hong Kong Literature Database （the “Database”）, which was the first Chinese literature database in the Internet in 2000. The paper will examine how the database is constructed using XML technology andometadata schema, The database also employs Unicode UTF-8 as the internal code. A mapping table for traditional and simplified Chinese characters was created based on Unihan and is used behind the scene so that a user can either input traditional or simplified Chinese characters and retrieval will give both traditional and simplified Chinese characters. Currently 65% of journals use OCR technology so that full-text searching is possible. The Chinese OCR technology will be examined in greater detail. Special features of the Database such as, page-by-page browse mode, position-highlight for full-page newspaper, linking Table-Of-Contents and book jackets from the Library catalogue, etc. are described. The paper will also bring out the problem of massive downloading and compare the state-of-the-art technology and their shortcomings. This paper shows how the Hong Kong Literature Database facilitates future collaboration and data exchange by using open standard, shareable structure and the latest technology.

Minority Subjectivities in Maxine Hong Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book

Seeking the legitimacy of representing themselves is one of the major missions that Chinese American writer Kingston sends on her main characters in her novels. To voice his minority subjectivities, Wittman Ah Sing, the protagonist in Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book, needs to protest the emasculated stereotype culturally applied to him, a Chinese American man, in a way of changing his identities. This multiple-faced Wittman Ah Sing manifests Kingston's objection to any singular or fixed subjectivity of Chinese Americans in her anti-racist posture.

Cultural Identity and Translator's Style: Case Study of Translation of Tea Relevant Acts in Hong Lou Meng

From the methodological perspective, the thesis summarized leisure tea act, judging-time tea act to map translator's style. Through investigations on all these, the thesis succeeded in confirming the translator's styles and pinpointing cultural identity as essential factors influencing their styles. Hopefully, this could help to provide a new angle of view to make research on translator's style. Moreover, the thesis wishes that with analysis of tea culture in Hong Lou Meng the translation of tea relevant acts receive greater priority in the Chinese Classics Translation.

Toward a more open and collaborative climate change policy framework in Hong Kong and Macao within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao enjoy a high degree of autonomy from the national policy system in devising their local policies,including measures related to climate change.Hong Kong and Macao each have their own climate change policies,some aspects of which are more advanced than policies in China's Mainland.While their high degree of policy autonomy has advantages,this has also isolated them from China's larger environmental management and practices that continue to advance at scale.This paper reviews the climate change policies of the two special administrative regions and analyzes their strengths and innovations,particularly in adaptation.It also identifies areas where there could be closer engagement,collaboration,and capacity-building with the China's Mainland,which has the potential for greater positive impacts,especially on a regional basis.

纠缠光子对的级联Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉研究及其在多时延参数测量中的应用

基于纠缠光子对的Hong-Ou-Mandel(HOM)干涉仪在量子精密测量等领域有着重要应用.本文提出了利用一个级联HOM干涉仪实现多个独立时延参数的同时测量方案.通过理论分析得出纠缠光子对经过多个50:50分束器级联传输后,其HOM二阶量子干涉图谱中凹陷位置与各级传输路径间独立时延参数的对应关系,因此可通过记录各个凹陷位置的时延值实现多个独立时延参数的同时测量.在此基础上搭建了基于频率一致纠缠光子对的二级级联HOM干涉测量装置,通过实验上得到的具有两个对称凹陷的二阶量子干涉图谱,实现了两级传输路径间两个独立时延参数τ1和τ2的同时测量,并分别获得了109 fs和98 fs的测量精度.上述研究结果为HOM干涉仪在多参量量子精密测量系统中的扩展应用奠定基础.

The Dynamics of Hong Kong Identity： A Sociolinguistic Perspective

This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis （as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012）. The ＂bi-literacy and tri-lingualism language policy＂ of Hong Kong is discussed. The use of the three language varieties, namely Cantonese, English and Mandarin are discussed in relation to Hong Kong people＇s proclaimed cultural identity. The emergence of mixed code （juxtaposing English into Cantonese utterances） also marks the link between language and proclaimed cultural identity. With the several social issues happened in Hong Kong 2010-2012, Hong Kong citizens＇ sense of belonging with an ethnic Hong Kong identity reached the highest according to the Public Opinion Program launched by one of the universities in Hong Kong. Language use in one of the recent television drama series magnifies the issue of ＂Hongkongness＂ which is closely linked to the use of Cantonese and mixed code.

两个独立全光纤多通道光子纠缠源的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉

独立光子源的干涉是实现复杂量子体系应用(比如多光子纠缠态产生和量子隐形传态等)的核心技术.利用100 GHz密集波分复用技术,实现了1.55μm全光纤多通道独立纠缠光子源的Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉,在不去除暗符合(随机符合计数)的情况下,可见度为53.2%±8.4%,去除暗符合可见度可达到82.9%±5.3%.给出了关于色散位移光纤中基于自发四波混频过程产生的单光子光谱纯度严格的理论描述,模拟了抽运脉冲宽度和滤波器带宽对单光子光谱纯度的影响,并给出了理论上的最佳条件(最佳的抽运脉冲宽度为8 ps,高斯滤波器带宽为40 GHz及以下).在测量Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉之前,先测量了液氮冷却状态下的色散位移光纤关联光子源的符合和随机符合比率,在抽运功率为23μW的情况下,最大比率可以达到131.Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉在高精度光学测量、测量装置无关的量子密钥分配等应用中扮演着极为重要的角色.