2D Coupled 3D:A New Numerical Model for Dual - Structured - Aquifer System

This paper points out that a successful numerical simulation is to construct a correct conceptional model which is very dose to the natural condition. A new model, two dimensional coupled three dimensional model (2D -3D ) is presented in the Present paper,which is the most suitable one for the dual - structured - aquifer system. An example of Wenyinghu area is shown.By using the 2D-3D model, a satisfied result of the simulated area is achieved.

The adjustment of γ-aminobutyric acid_A tonic subunits in Huntington＇s disease：from transcription to translation to synaptic levels into the neostriatum

γ-Aminobutyric acid（GABA）,plays a key role in all stages of life,also is considered the main inhibitory neurotransmitter.GABA activates two kind of membrane receptors known as GABAA and GABAB,the first one is responsible to render tonic inhibition by pentameric receptors containing α4-6,β3,δ,or ρ1-3 subunits,they are located at perisynaptic and/or in extrasynaptic regions.The biophysical properties of GABAA tonic inhibition have been related with cellular protection against excitotoxic injury and cell death in presence of excessive excitation.On this basis,GABAA tonic inhibition has been proposed as a potential target for therapeutic intervention of Huntington＇s disease.Huntington＇s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a genetic mutation of the huntingtin protein.For experimental studies of Huntington＇s disease mouse models have been developed,such as R6/1,R6/2,Hdh Q92,Hdh Q150,as well as YAC128.In all of them,some key experimental reports are focused on neostriatum.The neostriatum is considered as the most important connection between cerebral cortex and basal ganglia structures,its cytology display two pathways called direct and indirect constituted by medium sized spiny neurons expressing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors respectively,they display strong expression of many types of GABAA receptors,including tonic subunits.The studies about of GABAA tonic subunits and Huntington＇s disease into the neostriatum are rising in recent years,suggesting interesting changes in their expression and localization which can be used as a strategy to delay the cellular damage caused by the imbalance between excitation and inhibition,a hallmark of Huntington＇s disease.

Influence of uniaxial tensile pre-strain on forming limit curve by using biaxial tensile test

This paper focused on the effect of pre-strain on forming limit curves(FLC)of 5754-O aluminum alloy sheet through utilizing biaxial tensile approach.Based on Swift model and Yld2000-2 d yield criterion,the dimensions of cruciform specimen was optimized through applying finite element method for increasing the strain at specimen center.After that,with the recommended specimen size,the cruciform specimen was tested under various stroke ratios to experimentally characterize the limit strains under different pre-strain levels.Subsequently,the biaxial tensile tests were simulated by Abaqus to obtain the limit strains and validate the material models.It can be observed in both experiments and simulations that the pre-strained uniaxial tension followed by plane tension or equi-biaxial tension can improve the formability of sheet metals.Besides,the strain path change affects the trend of first derivative of strain rate difference between neighboring points with respect to time.An early increase occurred and then fell back to the stable value,the steady evolution continued until to a new increase reaching the critical value.The M–K prediction approach was simulated to verify the influence of pre-strain on FLC.It can be found that the early increase peaks of the major strain incremental ratio rose with the amplitude of pre-strain.Finally,the phenomenon of pseudolocalization caused by the strain path change was explained through evolution of stress state inside the groove.