A road hypnosis identification method for drivers based on fusion of biological characteristics

Risky driving behaviors,such as driving fatigue and distraction have recently received more attention.There is also much research about driving styles,driving emotions,older drivers,drugged driving,DUI(driving under the influence),and DWI(driving while intoxicated).Road hypnosis is a special behavior significantly impacting traffic safety.However,there is little research on this phenomenon.Road hypnosis,as an unconscious state,is can frequently occur while driving,particularly in highly predictable,monotonous,and familiar environments.In this paper,vehicle and virtual driving experiments are designed to collect the biological characteristics including eye movement and bioelectric parameters.Typical scenes in tunnels and highways are used as experimental scenes.LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)and KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor)are employed as the base learners,while SVM(Support Vector Machine)serves as the meta-learner.A road hypnosis identification model is proposed based on ensemble learning,which integrates bioelectric and eye movement characteristics.The proposed model has good identification performance,as seen from the experimental results.In this study,alternative methods and technical support are provided for real-time and accurate identification of road hypnosis.

Augmentative effect of tetrandrine on pentobarbital hypnosis mediated by 5-HT_(1A) and 5-HT_(2A/2C) receptors in mice

It has been reported that augmentative effect of tetrandrine on pentobarbital hypnosis in mice may be related to serotonergic system. The present study was undertaken to investigate the interaction of tetrandrine and different 5-HT receptors on pentobarbital-induced sleep by using the loss-of-righting reflex method. The results showed that augmentative effect of tetrandrine on pentobarbital hypnosis in mice were potentiated by the p-MPPI （5-HT1A receptor antagonist） （1 mg/kg, i.p.） and ketanserin （5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist） （1.5 mg/kg, i.p.）, respectively. Pretreatment with either 8-OH-DPAT （5-HT1A receptor agonist） （0.1 mg/kg, s.c.） or DOI （5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist） （0.2 mg/kg, i.p.） significantly decreased pentobarbital-induced sleep time, and tetrandrine （60 mg/kg, i.g.） significantly reversed this effect. These results suggest that both the 5-HTLA and 5-HT2A/2C subfamily may be involved in the potentiating mechanism of tetrandrine＇s effects on pantobarbital hypnosis.

Use of hypnosis in foreign language teaching

Hypnosis is more and more used in many fields in modern society. The article suggests hypotheses and some problems about the use of hypnosis in foreign language teaching from 7 aspects： application of hypnosis in attention; application of hypnosis in keeping best study state; application of hypnosis in English teaching; application of hypnosis in avoiding mother tongue influence; application of hypnosis in memorizing; application of hypnosis in inputting knowledge; application of hypnosis in mentality hint.

Hypnosis and upper digestive function and disease

Hypnosis is a therapeutic technique that primarily involves attentive receptive concentration. Even though a small number of health professionals are trained in hypnosis and lingering myths and misconceptions associated with this method have hampered its widespread use to treat medical conditions hypnotherapy has gained relevance as an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome not responsive to standard care. More recently, a few studies have addressed the potential infl uence of hypnosis on uppe digestive function and disease. This paper reviews the efficacy of hypnosis in the modulation of uppe digestive motor and secretory function. The presen evidence of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy as a treatment for functional and organic diseases o the upper bowel is also summarized, coupled with a discussion of potential mechanisms of its therapeutic action.

Comparing Overall Success Rates of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy,Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Hypnosis

This study is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of four psychotherapeutic treatment modalities:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy(CBT),Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR),Dialectical Behavior Therapy(DBT),and Hypnotic methods(HYP).The aim of this study was to determine the independent effectiveness of the four treatment modalities by reviewing the available literature.A total of 26,724 studies were identified by ProQuest search and screened to eliminate studies that did not permit computation of the success rates of their use.Of that total,648 studies included objective data in some form,with 207 studies qualifying for inclusion in the analysis.The“Success Rate”measure was used as the standard of measurement,and was obtained by comparing the pre-treatment scores with post-treatment scores as published in the qualifying studies.Analysis revealed the most effective treatment modality to be EMDR,with a success rate of 49.4%.CBTwas the second most effective at 40.5%,and the success rates of Hypnosis and DBT were 39.2%and 22.4%respectively.The clinical question in therapy should probably be,“How effective can I expect this method of treatment to be?”The findings of this study reveal CBT to be less effective than EMDR and equally effective as Hypnosis;and with DBT being significantly less effective,we are left with the implication that we must expand what we know.

Randomized trial estimating effects of hypnosis versus progressive muscle relaxation on medical students’test anxiety and attentional bias

BACKGROUND Test anxiety is prevalent among medical students and leads to impaired academic performance.Test-related attentional bias has been identified as an important maintaining factor in test-anxious individuals.AIM To evaluate whether hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation(PMR)could modify medical college students’test anxiety and attentional bias.METHODS A total of 598 medical students were screened.The participants were divided into higher and lower test anxiety groups according to their scores on the test anxiety scale(TAS).Ninety medical college students with high TAS score were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or PMR group.Another 45 students with low TAS score were included,forming a baseline control group.The intervention was conducted weekly for 6 wk,and each session lasted approximately 30 min.The total intervention time and the number of intervention sessions for the hypnosis and PMR groups were equal.Data were collected at the pretest,posttest,and 2-mo follow-up.RESULTS Hypnosis group participants had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-21.827,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-14.824,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.PMR group participants also had a significantly lower TAS score at posttest(t=-10.777,P<0.001)and at follow-up(t=-7.444,P<0.001),compared to that at pretest.At the posttest level,the hypnosis group had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-3.664,P<0.001).At the follow-up level,the hypnosis group also had a significantly lower TAS score than the PMR group(t=-2.943,P=0.004).Clinically significant improvement was found in both the hypnosis and PMR groups(hypnosis=64.0%;PMR=62.22%).Hypnosis was more effective than PMR in reducing test anxiety among medical college students.Hypnosis could modify attentional bias toward threatening stimuli,but PMR could not.CONCLUSION These results suggest that attentional bias plays an important role in test anxiety treatment.

Applications of fuzzy similarity index method in processing of hypnosis

The brain is a highly complex system. Under-standing the behavior and dynamics of billions of interconnected neurons from the brain signal requires knowledge of several signal- process-ing techniques, from the linear and non-linear domains. The analysis of EEG signals plays an important role in a wide range of applications, such as psychotropic drug research, sleep studies, seizure detection and hypnosis proc-essing. In this paper we accomplish to analyze and explore the nature of hypnosis in Right, Left, Back and Frontal hemisphere in 3 groups of hypnotizable subjects by means of Fuzzy Simi-larity Index method.

Hypnosis for burn-related pain:Case studies and a review of the literature

Burn injuries create severe pain and psychological distress that are highly variable between patients. Distinct types of pain during various stages of injury and recovery make treatment complex. Standard pharmacological treatment of pain can have adverse effects and is not effective in treating anxiety and other psychological issues. Researchers have proposed that integrating clinical hypnosis as a complementary therapy can be highly beneficial to burn patients and their healthcare providers. The existing literature is reviewed and specific hypnosis techniques are discussed. Evidence exists indicating that adjunctive hypnosis is effective at reducing pain and procedural anxiety. Implementing a multidisciplinary burn care team that includes clinical hypnosis and focuses on the patients' psychological health as well as pain reduction is likely to result in faster healing and reduced distress for patients and caregivers alike.

A Narrative Review Unravelling the Historical Roots of Myths Surrounding Hypnosis and Discerning Facts

Hypnosis,one of the earliest mind-body treatments,has been the subject of renewed interest in the last decade with research indicating its effectiveness for varied physiological and psychological ailments including pain,distress,and psychosomatic disorders.However,the adoption and acceptance of hypnosis are still hindered by myths and misconceptions that prevail among the general public and clinicians.Considering their significant role in promoting the successful delivery and acceptance of interventions,informing clinicians about hypnosis is crucial to promote balanced views,and thereby the adoption of this intervention when warranted.This narrative review traces the historical roots of myths surrounding hypnosis,while unravelling related misconceptions that have impeded its adoption in clinical and research settings.We hope that this review enhances the general public’s views and clinicians’understanding of hypnosis in historical,theoretical and research contexts to promote its adoption in research and clinical settings and steer research toward an evidence-based practice of hypnosis.

L’hypnose en oncologie pédiatrique Hypnosis in Pediatric Oncology

Hypnosis is a modified state of consciousness which showed its benefits to decrease different symptoms,mainly pain.During the last decade,this technique has also been proposed to adults with cancer to improve other symptoms,such as emotional distress,fatigue,or sleep difficulties.In pediatric oncology,hypnosis is also used to decrease disease-,treatment-,and procedure-related pain and anxiety.The learning of self-hypnosis and self-care techniques also improves the well-being of adults or children with cancer,their parents,and their siblings.Through several clinical cases,we will illustrate how hypnosis and self-care techniques have been implemented in the pediatric haemato-oncology department of the CHC MontLégia(Liège,Belgium)and will describe their benefits.

Importance of methodological considerations in documenting psychological trauma

The documentation of psychological trauma is obviously a challenge to clinicians while they are diving deep into remote events related to their clients or patients.The potential role of psychological trauma in the early developmental stages,and even the existence of adverse childhood experiences,is important to prove,yet it is difficult to do so.A diverse range of methods have been applied,all of which presumably benchmark a big therapeutic step;however,these enthusiastic methods frequently do not last for long.While hypnosis supporters,Freudian and Neo-Freudian disciples can be acute enough to enhance and uncover suppressed memories,modern psychiatry relies mostly on diversely structured interviews.Functional magnetic resonance and its related subtleties might help,but the questions that remain unanswered are numerous and confusing.Connecting early experiences with long-term memory while identifying psychological trauma its importance for the individual’s growth trajectory;thus,it remains an intriguing issue.

A New Technique for Attention Management and Somatosensory Processing in Hypnotherapy: Mental Access/Somatosensory Access (MASSA)

The author introduces a new hypnotherapeutic technique termed “Mental Access/Somatosensory Access” (MASSA). MASSA is designed to utilize an external somatosensory stimulus in the context of hypnotherapy, based on a Bottom-Up/Top-Down Paradigm, which complements and mutually reinforces hypnotic inductions by using imbedded suggestions. The intervention’s algorithm includes a combination of real-time stimulation through one of the following somatosensory modalities: sensorimotor activation of the palms, visual, auditory, vibration, thermal, olfaction or oropharyngeal. These modalities are accompanied by guided hypnotic dissociation and suggestions. Somatosensory stimulation amplifies patients’ engagement in the procedure, focusing their attention on a stimulus and on the hypnotic experience during the intervention. A stream of closed questions with imbedded suggestions, presented by the therapist, is designed using suggestive presuppositions, termed by the author “The Create and Verify Principle” (CVP). This principle facilitates effective pacing and helps transform patients’ sensory and mental experiences. Imbedded suggestions followed by real-time stimulation, maintain a focus on the somatosensory content, boost the hypnotic experience, and gradually combine awareness of the somatosensory stimulation experience (Bottom-Up regulation) with memory, imagination, emotions and meanings, for mental access of resources and adaptive coping (Top-Down regulation). In the first part of this article, the author briefly introduces the neurophysiological mechanism behind the suggestive, somatosensory, attention-management intervention and provides an example of a basic algorithm of the MASSA technique. The second part includes clinical samples with scripts of successfully treated patients, who experienced tension headache, psychogenic balance disorder, tinnitus. .

Sedative and Hypnotic Effects of Tartary Buckwheat Ethanol Extract

[Objective]The aim was to study the sedative and hypnotic effects of Tartary Buckwheat ethanol extract and lay a foundation for further expanding the application of Tartary Buckwheat. [Method]The effects of Tartary Buckwheat ethanol extract on pentobarbital sodium and mice spontaneous action times were recorded. [Result]Ethanol extract of Tartary Buckwheat could prolong mice sleep duration caused by pentobarbital sodium （suprathreshold dosage）,increase mice sleep number caused by pentobarbital sodium （subthreshold dosage）,and obviously inhibit mice spontaneous action times. [Conclusion]Ethanol extract of Tartary Buckwheat has a function of sedation.

Non-pharmacological treatments in the irritable bowel syndrome

INTRODUCTIONThe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder characteried by chronic lower abdominal pain and disordered defaecation associated with bloating ,tenesmus and extra-intestinal symptoms including and functional upper gastrointestinal symptoms .Currently there is nounifying hypothesis which adepuately explains the pathogenesis of the disorder although a number of physiological and psychological abmormalites have been described.

A Simple Way of Revealing the Magic:Guesses and Interpretations about Memorizing

In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebuilding, which are the two main courses in mem- orizing.

Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of the methanol root bark extracts of Annona senegalensis

Objective:To investigate the potentials of the root bark of Annona（A.） senegalensis in the control of seizure and related hypnotic and motor incoordination effects in mice using experimental models.Methods:The methanol extract（ME） of the root bark of A.senegalensis was studied in mice using pentylenetetrazole（PTZ） induced convulsions,phenobarbitone induced sleeping time and motor coordination test on rota-rod performance.Acute toxicity and lethality（LD50） lest as well as phytochemical analysis were also carried out.Results:The extract（200,400,800 mg/ kg） exhibited a non- dose dependent significant（P【0.05） delay in the onset of both tonic and clonic phases of seizure induced by PTZ（60 mg/kg,s.c.） as well as offered a 100%protection （200 mg/kg） in mice from PTZ induced seizures.The extract significantly（P【0.05） decreased the latency and increased the duration of phenobarbitone induced sleeping time.At 200 mg/kg, the extract exhibited a significant（P【0.05） motor incoordination.The acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD50 of 1 2%mg/kg,while the phytochemical studies showed the presence of alkaloids, resins,glycosides,carbohydrate,reducing sugar,flavonoids,terpenoids,saponins and tannins. Conclusion:The extract of A senegalensis possessed anticonvulsant activity with pronounced hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects.

Chaotic features analysis of EEG signals during hallucination tasks of waterloo-stanford standard

The present study looks carefully at EEG (Electroen-cephalograph) signals of people after the hypnosis inductions. Subjects were in three different categories of hypnotizability based on Waterloo-Stanford crite-ria;low, medium and high. Signals recorded during hallucination tasks of Waterloo-Stanford standard were applied to study the underlying dynamics of tasks and investigate the influence of hypnosis depth and concentration on recorded signals. To fulfill this objective, chaotic methods were employed;Higuchi dimension and correlation dimension. The results of the study indicate channels whose chaotic features are significantly different among people with various levels of hypnotizability. Moreover, a great consis-tency exists among channels involved in each task with brain's dominant hemisphere and brain lobes' functions. Another considerable result of the study was that the medium hypnotizable subjects were mostly affected by inductions and instructions of the hypnotizer (more than low or high hypnotizable sub-jects). The present study demonstrates a remarkable innovation in the analysis of hypnotic EEG;investi-gating the EEG signals of the hypnotized as doing hallucination tasks of Waterloo-Stanford standard orders.

Ways of Destructive Cults to Steal Religious Affections

Religious affection is a kind of emotional experience that religious believers have to the gods after they have participated in religious activities and experienced religious rituals. Religious experience is what connects individuals and the gods. It can lead people to believe in religion and strengthen people＇s religious beliefs and is the basis of the establishment, dissemination and consolidation of religions. This article reveals that extreme cults create illusions for believers by conducting information and time control, making them exhausted physically and mentally and using ＂social hypnosis＂ and that they have stolen traditional religious affection and religious experience for their own usage by inducing believers religious affection through self-praise, intimidation and deception and wide insinuation.

Higher cortical modulation of pain perception in the human brain:Psychological determinant

Pain perception and its genesis in the human brain have been reviewed recently. In the current article, the reports on pain modulation in the human brain were reviewed from higher cortical regulation, i.e. top-down effect, particularly studied in psychological determinants. Pain modulation can be examined by gene therapy, physical modulation, pharmacological modulation, psychological modulation, and pathophysiological modulation. In psychological modulation, this article exam- ined （a） willed determination, （b） distraction, （c） placebo, （d） hypnosis, （e） meditation, （f） qi-gong, （g） belief, and （h） emotions, respectively, in the brain function for pain modulation. In each, the operational definition, cortical processing, neuroimaging, and pain modulation were systematically deliberated. However, not all studies had featured the brain modulation processing but rather demonstrated potential effects on human pain. In our own studies on the emotional modulation on human pain, we observed that emotions could be induced from music melodies or pictures perception for reduction of tonic human pain, mainly in potentiation of the posterior alpha EEG fields, likely resulted from underneath activities of precuneous in regulation of consciousness, including pain perception. To sum, higher brain functions become the leading edge research in all sciences. How to solve the information bit of thinking and feeling in the brain can be the greatest challenge of human intelligence. Application of higher cortical modulation of human pain and suffering can lead to the progress of social humanity and civilization.