Construction Technology and Safety Risk Control Measures of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation

Deep foundation pit excavation is a basic and key step involved in modern building construction.In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits,this paper takes a project as an example to analyze deep foundation pit excavation technology,including the nature of this construction project,the main technical measures in the construction of deep foundation pit,and the analysis of the safety risk prevention and control measures.The purpose of this analysis is to provide scientific reference for the construction quality and safety of deep foundation pits.

ANTICIPATED BACKWARD STOCHASTIC VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATIONS WITH JUMPS AND APPLICATIONS TO DYNAMIC RISK MEASURES

In this paper, we focus on anticipated backward stochastic Volterra integral equations(ABSVIEs) with jumps. We solve the problem of the well-posedness of so-called M-solutions to this class of equation, and analytically derive a comparison theorem for them and for the continuous equilibrium consumption process. These continuous equilibrium consumption processes can be described by the solutions to this class of ABSVIE with jumps.Motivated by this, a class of dynamic risk measures induced by ABSVIEs with jumps are discussed.

Risk Measure and Premium Distribution on Catastrophe Reinsurance

In this paper, we propose a new risk measure which is based on the Or- licz premium principle to characterize catastrophe risk premium. The intention is to develop a formulation strategy for Catastrophe Fund. The logarithm equivalent form of reinsurance premium is regarded as the retention of reinsurer, and the differential earnings between the reinsurance premium and the reinsurer＇s retention is accumu- lated as a part of Catastrophe Fund. We demonstrate that the aforementioned risk measure has some good properties, which are further confirmed by numerical simu- lations in R environment.

Risk measurement of international oil and gas projects based on the Value at Risk method

International oil and gas projects feature high capital-intensity, high risks and contract diversity. Therefore, in order to help decision makers make more reasonable decisions under uncertainty, it is necessary to measure the risks of international oil and gas projects. For this purpose, this paper constructs a probabilistic model that is based on the traditional economic evaluation model, and introduces value at risk(VaR) which is a valuable risk measure tool in finance, and applies Va R to measure the risks of royalty contracts, production share contracts and service contracts of an international oil and gas project. Besides, this paper compares the influences of different risk factors on the net present value(NPV) of the project by using the simulation results. The results indicate:(1) risks have great impacts on the project's NPV, therefore, if risks are overlooked, the decision may be wrong.(2) A simulation method is applied to simulate the stochastic distribution of risk factors in the probabilistic model. Therefore, the probability is related to the project's NPV, overcoming the inherent limitation of the traditional economic evaluation method.(3) VaR is a straightforward risk measure tool, and can be applied to evaluate the risks of international oil and gas projects. It is helpful for decision making.

CASH SUBADDITIVE RISK MEASURES FOR PORTFOLIO VECTORS

In this paper, from the viewpoint of the time value of money, we study the risk measures for portfolio vectors with discount factor. Cash subadditive risk measures for portfolio vectors are proposed. Representation results are given by two different methods which are convex analysis and enlarging space. Especially, the method of convex analysis make the line of reasoning and the representation result be simpler. Meanwhile, spot and forward risk measures for portfolio vectors are also introduced, and the relationships between them are investigated.

Risk measures with comonotonic subadditivity or convexity on product spaces

In this paper, by an axiomatic approach, we propose the concepts of comonotonic subadditivity and comonotonic convex risk measures for portfolios, which are extensions of the ones introduced by Song and Yan （2006）. Representation results for these new introduced risk measures for portfolios are given in terms of Choquet integrals. Links of these newly introduced risk measures to multi-period comonotonic risk measures are represented. Finally, applications of the newly introduced comonotonic coherent risk measures to capital allocations are provided.

The measure and decision of technical risk in the development of naval vessels

The risks in development of navy vessels were explored, The resources of technical risk in the design and development of vessels were mentioned, It was pointed that technical risk dominated the other risk components. Based on the writers＇ understanding and experience from risk analysis and risk ,nanagement to the development of a navy vessel, four measure indexes of technical risk were presented. The decision criteria and the rules corresponding to the indexes were estahlished by the statistic information,

Influencing factors and prevention measures of casing deformation in deep shale gas wells in Luzhou block,southern Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on structural distribution and fault characteristics of the Luzhou block,southern Sichuan Basin,as well as microseismic,well logging and in-situ stress data,the casing deformation behaviors of deep shale gas wells are summarized,and the casing deformation mechanism and influencing factors are identified.Then,the risk assessment chart of casing deformation is plotted,and the measures for preventing and controlling casing deformation are proposed.Fracturing-activated fault slip is a main factor causing the casing deformation in deep shale gas wells in the Luzhou block.In the working area,the approximate fracture angle is primarily 10°-50°,accounting for 65.34%,and the critical pore pressure increment for fault-activation is 6.05-9.71 MPa.The casing deformation caused by geological factors can be prevented/controlled by avoiding the faults at risk and deploying wells in areas with low value of stress factor.The casing deformation caused by engineering factors can be prevented/controlled by:(1)keeping wells avoid faults with risks of activation and slippage,or deploying wells in areas far from the faulting center if such avoidance is impossible;(2)optimizing the wellbore parameters,for example,adjusting the wellbore orientation to reduce the shear force on casing to a certain extent and thus mitigate the casing deformation;(3)optimizing the casing program to ensure that the curvature radius of the curved section of horizontal well is greater than 200 m while the drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs is not impaired;(4)optimizing the fracturing parameters,for example,increasing the evasive distance,lowering the single-operation pressure,and increasing the stage length,which can help effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation.

On the generalized risk measures

In this paper, new risk measures are introduced, tation results are also given. These newly introduced risk introduced by Song and Yan （2009） and Karoui （2009）. and the corresponding represen- measures are extensions of those

Fire risk evaluation research on fully mechanized coalface based on the uncertainty measure theory

A relatively perfect coalmine fire risk-evaluating and order-arranging model that includes sixteen influential factors was established according to the statistical information of the fully mechanized coalface ground on the uncertainty measure theory. Then the single-index measure function of sixteen influential factors and the calculation method of computing the index weight ground on entropy theory were respectively established. The value assignment of sixteen influential factors was carried out by the qualitative analysis and observational data, respectively, in succession. The sequence of fire danger class of four experimental coalfaces could be obtained by the computational aids of Matlab according to the confidence level criterion. Some conclusions that the fire danger class of the No.l, No.2 and No.3 coalface belongs to high criticality can be obtained. But the fire danger class of the No.4 coalface belongs to higher criticality. The fire danger class of the No.4 coalface is more than that of the No.2 coalface. The fire danger class of the No.2 coalface is more than that of the No.1 coalface. Finally, the fire danger class of the No.1 coalface is more than that of the No.3 coalface.

Safety Risks and Preventive Measures for Construction Supervision of Construction Projects

Based on the analysis of construction project safety risk and its preventive measures, it is first necessary to clarify the safety risks and existing problems of construction project supervision and to formulate effective construction procedures. It is necessary to check the production safety of the construction unit, strengthen the company's own safety production management, and reasonably control the risk to familiarize with the construction drawings, and make a special construction plan for the work of the bottom line. Finally, an elective solution is drawn to comprehensively expound the importance of construction project construction safety risk and its preventive measures.

Pricing Catastrophe Options with Credit Risk in a Regime-Switching Model

In this paper,we consider the price of catastrophe options with credit risk in a regime-switching model.We assume that the macroeconomic states are described by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space.By using the measure change technique,we derive the price expressions of catastrophe put options.Moreover,we conduct some numerical analysis to demonstrate how the parameters of the model affect the price of the catastrophe put option.

Intermediate to Long-term Estimation of Strong Earthquake Risk Areas in the Chinese Mainland Based on Geodesic Measurements

Based on previous research results,present-day crustal deformation and gravity fields in the Chinese mainland are analyzed using the GPS data,leveling,gravity and cross-fault deformations. We analyzed strain accumulation of the major faults,and identified locked or high strain accumulation segments. Combining the effects of large earthquakes in the study area,the long-term (decade) probability of large earthquakes in the Chinese mainland is estimated.

Optimal Adiposity Measurement and Risk Stratification in Established Ischaemic Stroke

Background: Prevention strategies post-stroke should target risk factor reduction which includes consideration of weight, diet and lipoprotein profiles. Limited data informs the optimal adiposity measurement post-stroke to target those at highest recurrent risk. This study aims to identify adiposity measurement/s post-stroke that best predict cardiovascular and co-morbid risk. Subjects and Methods: 142 stroke patients (100 males, 42 females;mean age 63 years) participated. Adiposity and metabolic profiles included BMI, waist circumference, waist to height ratio (WHR), triglyceride levels and hypertriglyceridemic waist. The predictive ability of these measures with indices of cardiovascular risk (Cardiovascular Risk Score) and co-morbidity (Charlson’s co-morbidity index) were examined. Results: In hierarchical multiple regression models, age and gender controlled, waist (p = 0.002), triglyceride levels (p = 0.006), BMI and WHR (p = 0.014), uniquely and significantly contributed to the variance in cardiovascular risk, in their models. Only one combination of measures (waist and triglyceride levels) improved the predictive ability of waist in cardiovascular risk stratification (p = 0.001). In men, waist (p = 0.013) and in women triglyceride levels (p = 0.012) performed as the best predictors of cardiovascular risk respectively. No combination of measures was superior to triglyceride levels in women or waist circumference measures in men in predicting cardiovascular risk. With Charlson’s co-morbidity index as the dependent variable, triglyceride levels significantly contributed to variance of the model with age and gender influences controlled (p = 0.047). No combination of measures improved the predictive ability of triglyceride levels for co-morbidity. Conclusion: Waist circumference and triglyceride levels should form a minimum dataset for adiposity when considering cardiovascular and comorbid risk post-stroke.

Endogenous Risk Measures

We present a methodology that allows endogenous derivation of the moments of the probability distributions. In doing so, we, present an alternative objective function and alternative concept of risk aversion. In addition, we show that the risk measure depends on the preferences. Moreover, we show that a higher level of risk aversion yields higher values of the risk measure.

Best Bounds on Measures of Risk and Probability of Ruin for Alpha Unimodal Random Variables When There Is Limited Moment Information

This paper presents explicit formulae giving tight upper and lower bounds on the expectations of alpha-unimodal random variables having a known range and given set of moments. Such bounds can be useful in ordering of random variables in terms of risk and in PERT analysis where there is only incomplete stochastic information concerning the variables under investigation. Explicit closed form solutions are also given involving alpha-unimodal random variables having a known mean for two particularly important measures of risk—the squared distance or variance, and the absolute deviation. In addition, optimal tight bounds are given for the probability of ruin in the collective risk model when the severity distribution has an alpha-unimodal distribution with known moments.

Recent emergence and outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Samoa:A scoping review of risk factors,containment measures and public health preparedness

Diarrheal diseases have been known to cause death in many children below the age of five years,and rotavirus infection represents a major health problem in the world today,particularly in developing countries.The recent outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Samoa led to the introduction of her debut national immunization program on rotavirus vaccination for infants.Despite the introduction of anti-viral and anti-emetic drugs as of the containment approaches towards the virus,risk factors,preventive measures and public health preparedness against rotavirus infection are poorly understood in Samoa.This review aims to use available evidence on rotavirus literature to elucidate and map preventive strategies for the recently emerged rotavirus infections in Samoa.We conducted a search strategy using online medical literature databases and retrieval systems.A designated set of keywords such as rotavirus,gastroenteritis,outbreak,risk factors,containment measures,vaccination and Samoa were inserted in electronic databases to retrieve articles.The databases included Pub Med,Google Scholar,MEDLINE,Scinapse,and EBSCO host.Findings from this review addressed the impact of rotavirus infection,associated threats and other preventive measures.Introducing useful health frameworks in pursuing possible methods such as improved water quality,exclusive breast feeding,improved laboratory diagnostics and outbreak surveillance,may be essential in addressing alternate approaches towards containment of the disease in Samoa and other Pacific Island Countries and Territories.

Clear Measures Set to Control Financial Risks

China’s top financial regulators have warned about risks in complicated financial products and banks’off-balance sheet business,in a bid to prevent cross-market risk contagion,according to senior officials recently.

Some Implications of Theoretical Relation between RAW and RRW Measures on Risk Reduction Strategies

In using risk-informed approaches for ensuring safety of operating NPPs(nuclear power plants),risk importance measures obtained from PRAs(probabilistic risk assessments)of the plants are integral elements of consideration in many cases.In PSA models and applications associated with NPPs the risk importance of a particular feature(e.g.function,system,component,failure mode or operator action)can be,most generally,divided into two categories:importance with respect to risk increase potential and importance with respect to risk decrease potential.The representative of the first category,as used for practical purposes,is RAW(risk achievement worth).Representative of the second category,as mentioned in consideration of risk importance,is RRW(risk reduction worth).It can be shown that the two risk importance measures,RAW and RRW,are dependent on each other.The only parameter in this mutual dependency is probability of failure of the considered feature.The paper discusses the relation between RAW and RRW and some of its implications,including those on the general strategies for the reduction of risk imposed for the operation of the considered facility.Two general risk reduction strategies which are considered in the discussion are:a)risk reduction by decreasing the failure probability of the considered feature;and b)risk reduction while keeping the failure probability of the considered feature at the same level.Simple examples are provided to illustrate the differences between two strategies and point to main issues and conclusions.

Performance of Risk Measures in Portfolio Construction on Central and South-East European Emerging Markets

Aim of this paper is to characterize different risk measures in portfolio construction on seven Central and South-East European stock markets;Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Chez Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. Selected countries are members of EU, except Croatia and Turkey which have candidate status. Empirical part of this paper consists of three stages;at first descriptive statistic on stock returns was performed, afterwards different risk measures were employed in portfolio construction and in the last part, portfolios were tested in the out-of-sample period. Results indicate presence of extreme kurtosis and skewness in stock return series. Resulting portfolios incorporate stocks with extremely high kurtosis and stocks with negative skewness. Portfolio construction based only on risk and return results in major exposure to extreme returns and unsatisfactory portfolio out of sample results.