Influence of Human Activity Intensity on Habitat Quality in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,China

Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.

Knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.

Integration of network pharmacology and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells experimental research to reveal the molecular mechanisms for Hai Honghua medicinal liquor against osteoporosis

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML)formula has been used in clinical practice for a long time,mainly for the treatment of freshly closed fractures,to promote osteogenesis,to increase bone mass,and thus to promote fracture healing.However,the underlying mechanisms of HHML in the treatment of osteoporosis(OP)are still unclear.Methods:Firstly,Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to screen the targets of the active compounds of HHML.At the same time,OP targets were identified through GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET,Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Human Phenotype Ontology databases.Next,protein-protein interaction and pathway networks were constructed for compound-disease common targets,and core targets and compounds were screened for molecular docking.Furthermore,rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted as model cells,and the osteogenic effects of HHML were verified via in vitro experiments.Results:Total of 343 common targets of HHML-OP and the top 10 target proteins in the protein-protein interaction network are TP53,AKT1,STAT3,HSP90AA1,ESR1,TNF,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3 and MAPK8.Enrichment analysis yielded that the key molecular pathway was the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that baicalein,erysodienone and naringenin docked with the target proteins AKT1,STAT3 and TP53,respectively,with low binding energy and high affinity.In addition,In vitro experiments demonstrated that HHML promoted the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;compared with the control group,HHML-treated cells showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining,promoted the expression of OCN,RUNX2,BSP,and COL1 mRNAs as well as the expression of PI3K and AKT phosphorylated proteins.Secondly,the expression of target proteins revealed that HHML promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein and inhibited the expression of P53.Conclusions:Our study investigated that HHML treatment with OP promotes bone formation possibly through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may involve STAT3 and TP53 target interactions.

From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West

In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi(energy), Wu Xing(five elements), and yin(feminine, dark, negative) and yang(masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu(acupuncture), Ben Cao(materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong(energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine(Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China's western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao(the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia(Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao(opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao(modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China's armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era.

Research of the molecular mechanism of Hai Honghua medicinal liquor in the treatment of fracture based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML),a famous hospital formula composed of 19 traditional Chinese medicines,has been successfully applied in treating soft tissue injury,fresh closed fracture,limb dysfunction after fracture healing,shoulder,neck and leg pain,knee joint pain and other clinical multiple diseases for 30 years in clinical.However,research on the material basis of HHML for the treatment of fracture healing-related disorders is still in a gap.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the active ingredients,core targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of HHML to promote fracture healing.Methods:We screened the core active components of each traditional Chinese medicine in formula and its action targets through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine database.The fracture related targets were retrieved from several different public databases,including GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET and Therapeutic Target Database.Bioinformatics analysis to obtain key bioactive components,underlying targets and signaling pathways,containing the Venn diagram of the intersection with components and diseases gene targets,protein–protein interaction,as well as the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and finally molecular docking.Results:A total of 249 bioactive ingredients of HHML and 325 HHML-fracture-related targets were screened.The network analysis revealed that quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,Licochalcone A,naringenin and 8-Isopentenyl-kaempferol may be potential candidate agents.Multiple targets are involved including TP53,MAPK3,STAT3,AKT1,MAPK1,HSP90AA1,ESR1 and PIK3CA may be closely linked targets.PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play a significant role of HHML in treatment of fracture.What’s more,molecular docking suggested that 8-isopentenyl kaempferol,glycyrrhiza chalcone A,and naringenin bound to AKT1,PIK3CA,and ESR1,respectively,exhibiting lower energy and more stable characteristics.Conclusions:The findings indicate the potential active ingredients,target proteins and molecular mechanisms of HHML for the treatment of fractures to provide the exact idea for the next research on the mechanism of action of HHML formula for fracture treatment.

HAI EB-3000XYZ型眼库内皮显微镜对供体角膜内皮的评估

目的 评价HAI EB-3000XYZ型眼库内皮显微镜对供体角膜内皮细胞检测的可靠性。方法 选取供体角膜材料35例,年龄11～50岁;按供体死亡时间分为3组:A组≤6h;B组7～12h;C组>12h。术前分别对3组行内皮显微镜检查,PKP术后对剩余角膜环行台盼蓝-茜素红联合染色。对两者所测得的内皮细胞密度进行比较;对内皮显微镜测得的内皮细胞六边形比例和染色测得的活性率行相关分析。结果 在A、B两组中,内皮显微镜检测得的内皮细胞密度与染色结果无明显差别;C组两者之间的差别有显著统计学意义(P=0.000)。3组的内皮细胞六边形比例与活性率之间均没有明显的相关性。结论 HAI EB-3000XYZ型眼库内皮显微镜对死亡时间在12h以内的供体角膜内皮细胞密度检测较为准确,而对死亡12h以上的供体材料的检测则存在一定误差。

丙型病毒性肝炎患者肝组织Fas抗原的表达与HAI积分关系的研究

目的：研究丙型病毒性肝炎患者肝组织Ｆａｓ抗原的表达状况与肝细胞病理损伤的关系，探讨细胞凋亡在丙型肝炎发病机制中的作用和意义。方法：６９例丙型肝炎患者，均为血清抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＧ阳性或ＨＣＶＲＮＡ（ＰＣＲ）阳性，肝组织均为快速肝穿，福尔马林固定，连续切片，常规ＨＥ染色，按Ｋｎｏｄｅｌ方法计算ＨＡＩ积分前三项，根据Ｋｉｙｏｓｈｉ方法进行Ｆａｓ抗原半定量分析。结果：Ｆａｓ抗原在丙肝的阳性率为７４％，其中ＣＡＨ（８４．５％）。急肝（８３．４％）明显高于ＣＰＨ（６４．９％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＨＡＩ积分与Ｆａｓ抗原半定量分析显示，肝组织病理炎症积分越高，Ｆａｓ抗原表达量越高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：Ｆａｓ抗原在丙型病毒性肝炎患者肝组织的表达与肝细胞的病理损伤明显相关。

两性抗静电剂HAI的合成

以硬脂酸、羟乙基乙二胺等为原料，以甲苯为带水剂合成羟乙基烷基咪唑啉，用氯乙酸两性化处理后，再制成两性烷基咪唑啉的钙盐。经聚丙烯中试应用。

反预期信息标记“你还别说”

“你还别说”具有标记反预期信息的功能。文章着眼于“你还别说”所连接前后两部分的语义关系类型,离析出了四类“你还别说”句,分别对它们的信息序列和语义关系进行了描写,探讨了反预期信息的内容所指和形式所指。语用功能方面,总结出“你还别说”具有篇章连贯功能和人际互动中的提醒、缓冲与交互功能。

Comparative Textual Studies on Bai Hua's Poem Xiatian Hai Hen Yuan and Its English Translations

Based on the poem Xiatian Hai Hen Yuan夏天还很远, one of the most characteristic works of the Chinese poet Bai Hua, along with its four English translations, this paper conducts comparative textual studies with regard to three aspects, including the translation of hidden personae, the selection of the tense and aspectas well as the rendition of poetic rhythms. The author holds the view that, on the one hand, different textual interpretations have gone a long way toward the dissemination of the original poem in the English-speaking world;on the other hand, the translator's proper understanding and rendition is of great significance with a view to a better presentation of the unique beauty of Chinese poetry both in the content and the form.

运用PDCA和环节质量把控提升保洁人员的HAI防控执行力

目的 探讨运用PDCA和环节质量把控的手段提升保洁人员医院感染HAI（Hospital acquired Infection）防控执行力。方法 自2012-05~2014-05根据医院内保洁人员的现状,运用PDCA和环节质量把控找出存在的问题,分析产生问题的原因,制定计划及实施方案,加强环节质量的重点把控,通过检查、处理不断循环渐进,促进保洁人员在工作环节中主动参与到HAI防控,自觉执行各项操作规程。结果 保洁人员的HAI的防控意识增强,自身防护意识逐步增强,在HAI防控的操作流程的执行力明显提升,执行力的统计学分析P值〈0.01有明显意义。结论 运用PDCA和环节质量把控对保洁人员进行管理可提高执行力,降低医院感染率,为患者创造一个安全、舒适、洁净的就医环境。

Tillage and straw mulching impacts on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northern Huang–Huai–Hai Valley

A two-year field experiment(2012–2013) was conducted to investigate the effects of two tillage methods and five maize straw mulching patterns on the yield, water consumption,and water use efficiency(WUE) of spring maize(Zea mays L.) in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China. Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%. Chopped straw mulching led to higher yield,soil water content, and WUE as well as lower water consumption than prostrate whole straw mulching. Mulching with 50% chopped straw had the largest positive effects on maize yield, soil water content, and WUE among the five mulching treatments. Tillage had greater influence on maize yield than straw mulching, whereas straw mulching had greater influence on soil water content, water consumption, and WUE than tillage. These results suggest that 50% chopped straw mulching with subsoil tillage is beneficial in spring maize production aiming at high yield and high WUE in the Huang–Huai–Hai valley.

RPHAI与HAI两种方法检测麻疹抗体水平的对比分析

目前国内检测麻疹抗体水平广泛应用血凝抑制试验(HAI),该方法需新鲜猴血球,有些实验室不易获得。而反向血凝抑制试验(RPHAI)可用人“O”型红血球冻干的抗体致敏血球代替新鲜猴血球,为麻疹的监测开辟了一条新的途径。本文对RPHAI与HAI方法进行了对比分析。现将结果报告如下。

Effect and Mechanism of Hai Tong-pi Decoction Ointment on Antiinflammation and Analgesia by Transcutaneous Administration in Mice

Objectve:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Hai Tongpi decoction ointment on analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice after transdermal administration.Methods:The hot plate method and the acetic acid writhing experiment were used to verify the analgesic effect of Hai tong-pi extract on pain model mice;the xylene-induced auricular swelling model and the carrageenan-induced right foot swelling model were used,combined with the ELISA method to determine the analgesic effect.The levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in the serum of mice were observed.Anti-inflammatory effect of Haitongpi Tang decoction ointment on inflammation model mice.Results:In terms of analgesia,compared with the model group,both the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 2 can significantly prolong the hot plate pain threshold and the latency of the writhing response(P<0.05),and significantly reduce the writhing in the mice.The number of times(P<0.001),and the effect of process 1 is more obvious(P<0.05);In terms of antiinflammatory,compared with the blank group,the swelling degree and swelling rate of the right hind paw of the mice in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),indicating that the acute inflammation model was successfully established in the mice.Compared with the model group,both the process group 1 and the process group 2 can significantly reduce the swelling degree and swelling rate of the mice feet(P<0.05),and reduce the auricle swelling degree of the mice,and increase the swelling inhibition rate(P<0.05),and the effective effect of process 1 group was more significant(P<0.05).At the same time,compared with the blank group,the contents of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the process group 2,the process group 1 had a more significant decrease in the content of IL-1β(P<0.05),and IL-6 content of the two had no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusion:The Hai tong-pi decoction ointment prepared by two different processes have good analgesic and antiinflammatory effects on mice after transdermal administration.inflammatory cytokine expression.The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of process group 1 was better than that of process group 2,which may be related to the separate extraction and storage of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine,which ensured the long-term pharmacological activity of volatile oil.

Chronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of Haizi Bimodal Intrusive Bodies in Wuding District, Central Yunnan

The Haizi diabase-granite porphyry composite rock mass is located in the Wuding-Yanjing taphrogenic trough within the Paleoproterozoic Kangdian fault-uplift zone. According to field observations, the diabase is divided into two types: central facies and marginal facies;the granite porphyry directly contacts the central facies of diabase without transitional intermediate rock. In order to disclose its geological and petrological significances, this paper carried out the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical investigation on both masses of Haizi diabase and granite porphyry. The results showed that the207Pb/206Pb weighted average age of granite porphyry is 1764 ± 18 Ma and diabase 1765 ± 5.4 Ma. The geochemical investigations revealed that the Haizi diabase is a kind of high-potassium alkaline basalt and the granite porphyry a kind of low-potassium rhyolite, both enriched with high field intensity elements and depleted in large-ion lithophile elements;there is obvious component intermittence between the diabase and the granite porphyry, both being bimodal and showing characteristics of continental rift valley magmatite. The?in situ?Hf isotope of dating zircon showed that mantle materials participated in the formation and emplacement of Haizi granite porphyry and crust materials participated in the formation of diabase. This meant that crustal remelting and accretion of new crust occurred in this region in the 1.7 Ga period. It can be therefore inferred that the Haizi bimodal intrusive rock came into being due to the breakup of Kunyang rift valley and rapid ascent of mantle materials in the 1.7 Ga period, which echoed the global Columbia supercontinent breakup and was the first petrological record of that breakup found at the southwest margin of Yangtze platform.

Assessing Vulnerability of Food Availability to Climate Change in Hai District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Climate change has a large effect on agriculture sector and, consequently, on the food available for residents of Hai District and other regions of Tanzania. Based on four decades of climate data, this study assessed the impacts of climate change and its potential vulnerability on food availability in Hai District, Kilimanjaro region. The results from this study suggest an association between food crop production and variation in climate (temperature and rainfall) in Hai District. Considering the aspect of rainfall and temperature, we demonstrate that rainfall and temperature have significant relationship with maize and bean outputs. The rainfall had a strong positive association with maize and beans production and whereas temperature had inverse relationship with maize and beans yields. With the annual loss $0.04 million and $0.01 million per year from cattle and goats/sheep respectively and the additional annual loss of $29 million and $10.8 million from maize and bean crops respectively in Hai District during years of severe and prolonged droughts, our study highlighted how severe droughts can dramatically affect agriculture production and food security in the area. To mitigate climate change and provide effective adaptation measures, it is imperative to develop a broader research framework, which integrates bio-physical and socioeconomic aspects of food systems which addresses its vulnerability and thereby improve food security.

Autonomous Adaptive Agent with Intrinsic Motivation for Sustainable HAI

For most applications of human-agent interaction (HAI) research, maintaining the user’s interest and continuation of interaction are the issues of primary importance. To achieve sustainable HAI, we proposed a new model of intrinsically motivated adaptive agent, which learns about the human partner and behaves to satisfy its intrinsic motivation. Simulation of interaction with several types of other agents demonstrated how the model seeks new relationships with the partner and avoids situations which are not learnable. To investigate effectiveness of the model, we conducted a comparative HAI experiment with a simple interaction setting. The results showed that the model was effective in inducing subjective impressions of higher enjoyability, charm, and sustainability. Information theoretic analysis of the interaction suggested that a balanced information transfer between the agent and human partner would be important. The participants’ brain activity measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) indicated higher variability of activity at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the interaction with the proposed agent. These results suggest that the intrinsically motivated adaptive agent successfully maintained the participants’ interest, by affecting their attention level.

Shan Hai Dan——A Sovereign Remedy for Coronary Heart Disease

Asovereign remedy for coronary heart disease, the traditional Chinese patent medicine Shan Hai Dan, in the form of tablets, capsules, oral jelly, drinks and health wine, and produced by the Shan Hai Dan Industrial Enterprise Group. is a discovery made by Zhao Guoxin, professor at the Si’an Traditional Chinese Medicine and

Medical Reform Should Follow Market Rules——Exclusive interview with Professor Hai Wen,Vice President of Peking University

Hai Wen, economist and vice president of Peking University, has for many years been involved in in-depth investigation and research of China's medical reform, earning a reputation as one of the foremost economists in the field of medical reform. However, in the recent debate on medical reform policy, Hai Wen deliberately decided to keep a low profile. In his view, some of the ideas coming out of academic circles these days are "too short-sighted and political-motivated." During this interview, he talks about this recent round of medical reform debate, its challenges, and prospects for future reform.