Survey and Recommendations for Land Use of Agricultural Machinery Service Organization Facilities in Guizhou Province

With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities land in the process of development and growth. Based on the written survey of 597 agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province, the demand and demand gap of various facilities land use in agricultural machinery service organizations were analyzed and compared. In addition, based on the field survey and policy background, the main practices and experiences of agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province in the approval and use of facility land were sorted out, and the problems and causes of large gap in facility agricultural land, lack of standards and difficulty in policy implementation were analyzed. Finally, it recommended that the site selection of agricultural machinery service organization facilities needs to be standardized, the land demand needs to be coordinated, the land scale needs to be scientifically demonstrated, and financial support should be sought to promote Guizhou agricultural machinery service organization to become bigger, better and stronger.

Spatial Characteristic Analysis of the Comparative Advantage of Watermelon and Melon Production in Hainan Province

[Objective] This study investigated the spatial characteristics of counties （cities） with comparative advantages in watermelon and melon production to provide reference bases in formulating strategies for the development of watermelon and melon industries in Hainan Province. [Method] By using the sowing area, total yield, and yield per unit area of watermelon and melon in Hainan Province as research u- nits, the yield comparative advantage （YCA）, efficiency comparative advantage （E- CA）, scale comparative advantage （SCA）, concentration ratio comparative advantage （CRCA）, comprehensive comparative advantage （CCA）, ratio of yield per unit area （RYPA）, sowing area ratio （SAR）, and distribution characteristics of watermelon and melon were systematically analyzed. By referring to the agricultural statistic data of 18 counties （cities） in Hainan Province, indexes for each research unit （i.e., the YCA index, ECA index, SCA index, CRCA index, CCA index, RYPA index, and SAR index） were established and calculated to determine the comparative advantage of watermelon and melon production in Hainan Province. A spatial expression of the research result on a map was conducted by using GIS software. [Result] Seven counties （cities） exhibited comparative advantages in watermelon production, namely, Lingshui, Wanning, Wenchang, Dongfang, Sanya, Ledong, and Changjiang. The Eastern and Southern Hainan Provinces had CCAs, and the Western and Northern Hainan Provinces could be reserved for future development. For melon production, four counties （cities） exhibited comparative advantages, namely, Ledong, Lingshui, Sanya, and Dongfang. The Southern Hainan Province had CCA, whereas the West- ern Hainan Province could be reserved for later development. [Conclusion] The result has showed that establishing watermelon and melon as dominant agricultural prod- ucts is necessary for the future development of the industry and for the formulation of a layout of regions with advantages, where key support and construction should be provided preferentially with the aim to raise the yield, quality, and market com- petitiveness of products.

Research on Coconut Germplasm Resource in Hainan Province

The researches on coconut germplasm resource of Hainan Province and its importance were reviewed in this study.The classification and characters of coconut germplasm resource in Hainan Province,as well as its development and utilization of were summarized.In addition,some of the problems in researches on coconut germplasm resource and the potential research directions were discussed.

Wild Ornamental Plant Resources and Their Application to City Gardening in Hainan Province

This paper deals with the wild ornamental plant resources which are suitable for the application to gardening in Hainan Province and with the significance and the influencing factors in the application and extension of these resources to gardening. The strategies for the application of the wild ornamental plant resources have been established as the result of this research.

Analysis on Land Cover Change and Landscape Pattern of Wuzhi Mountain in Hainan Province

Combining the integrated technology of ecological quantity analytical method with GIS technology, based on the Landsat TM images and SPOT images in 1995 and 2009, this paper made a quantitative analysis of the changing process of land use/cover. The results showed that land use/cover in study area had undergone obviously changes from 1995 to 2009. The artificial landscapes which were mainly tropical crops plantation increased dramatically, natural forest and rubber forest was substantially reduced. The major patterns of land use change in the study area were the conversions of the natural forest and rubber forest to tropical crops plantation and cultivated land, cultivated land converted to tropical crops plantation and residential area. The analysis of landscape index showed that the role of landscape structure more diverse and uniform with the diversity of landscape fragmentation increases, the dominance of natural forest and rubber forest on the overall control of landscape reduced under the influence of human activities in the study area. The driving force analysis showed that economic development, agriculture industrial structure, policy and technology factors were the dominant factors of land use/change in the study area in the short term.

Effects and mechanism of igneous rock on selenium in the tropical soil-rice system in Hainan Province, South China

To illuminate the migration and transformation of selenium(Se)in the igneous rock-soil-rice system,285 pairs of rhizosphere soil and rice samples were collected from the granitoid and basalt areas in Hainan Province,South China.The contents of Se in soils derived from granitoid and basalt are,respectively,0.19±0.12 mg/kg and 0.34±0.39 mg/kg,which are much higher than Se contents in granitoid and basalt.Selenium shows remarkable enrichment from granitoid and basalt to soils.The mobile fraction of Se in soils derived from granitoid is 0.0100±0.0034 mg/kg,which is significantly higher than that of basalt(0.0058±0.0039 mg/kg).Although soil derived from basalt shows higher Se contents,Se contents in rice samples,mobile fractions of Se in soils,and biological concentration factor(BCF)is similar or even lower than that from granitoid.Basalt consist of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene,and are much richer in Fe,Al,and Ca than granitoid.Correspondingly,the basalt-derived soils have higher goethite,hematite,kaolinite,cation exchange capacity(CEC)content,and higher p H than the granitoid-derived soils,which result in higher adsorption capacity for Se and relatively lower Se bioavailability.Soils derived from granitoid and basalt in tropical regions are beneficial to produce Se-rich rice.

Quantitative Appraisement on Ecological Carrying Capacity in Coastal Rapid Developing Region of Hainan Province

The ecological carrying capacity,an important indica- tor to evaluate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, means the potential ability of the natural ecosystem to carry so- cioeconomic development while the ecosystem is healthy.It is limited by the carrying capacity of natural resources and environ- ment and the elasticity of the ecosystem.It will be greatly signifi- cant to study the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province, the first ecological province admitted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in China.Not only is the natural eco- system reflected,but also the effects of human activities are em- phasized by integrating the ecosystem health analysis into the ecological carrying capacity research.The research results,using the Factor Analysis tools of software SPSS,indicate that the eco- logical carrying capacity of Hainan Province fluctuated obviously from 1996 to 2005.The level of the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province was relatively high in 1996,and reached into trough from 1997 to 1999.It has steadily ascended to be above the middle level since the 21st century.The results also show that policy factors,especially the implementation of the 'Ecological Province' strategy,were important driving forces to influence the ecological carrying capacity.With the population rapidly increas- ing,the land and water resources per capita have decreased quickly.The amount of the ecological carrying capacity was pro- moted remarkably by socioeconomic development especially economic growth and technology applications.All of these will provide useful suggestions to establish and enact regional devel- opment policies,especially for protecting and reconstructing the ecology and environment of Hainan Province.

Molecular Detection and Identification of Candidatus Ehrlichia Hainanensis,A Novel Ehrlichia Species in Rodents from Hainan Province,China

Ehrlichia(Anaplasmataceae family)are obligatory intracellular bacteria that infect humans and animals.They are hosted by mammals such as canines,bovines and wild rodents,and are vectored by ticks.In this study,we collected 121 rodent samples comprising 67 Niviventer fulvescens,27 Rattus tanezumi,24 Chiromyscus sp.,2 Rattus nitidus and 1 Leopoldamys edwardsi from Hainan province,which includes the second largest island in China.The presence and genetic diversity of Ehrlichia species was evaluated and characterized by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA,groEL and gltA genes.An Ehrlichia species was detected in 5 of the 67 Niviventer fulvescens samples(7.46%).The 16S rRNA,groEL and gltA genes showed the highest identity to known Ehrlichia sequences(99.20%,89.87%and 83.86%,respectively).In the phylogenetic trees they formed a cluster distinct from all other species.We propose that this species is a putative novel Ehrlichia species,which we suggest be named Candidatus Ehrlichia hainanensis.Its pathogenicity to humans remains to be further researched,and molecular surveillance in local populations is needed.

Energy consumption,indoor environmental quality,and benchmark for office buildings in Hainan Province of China

With rapid economy growth,building energy consumption in China has been gradually increased.The energy consumption and indoor environmental quality of 51 office buildings in Hainan Province,a hot and humid area,were studied through collection of verified data in site visits and field tests.The result revealed that,electricity accounted for 99.79% of the total energy consumption,natural gas 0.17%,and diesel 0.04%.The air conditioning dominated the energy use with a share of 43.18%,equipment in the particular areas 26.90%,equipment in the office rooms 11.95%,lighting system 8.67%,general service system 7.57%,and miscellaneous items 1.73%.Statistical method including six indicators obtained the energy consumption benchmark with upper limit of 98.31 kW-h/m2 and lower limit of 55.26 kW-h/m2.According to ASHRAE standard(comfortable standard) and GB/T 18883-2002(acceptable standard),the indoor environmental quality of 51 sampled office buildings was classified into three ranks:good,normal and bad.With benchmark of building energy consumption combined with indoor environmental quality,it was found that only 3.92% of sampled buildings can be identified as the best performance buildings with low energy consumption and advanced indoor environmental quality,and the buildings classified into normal level accounted for the maximum ratio.

Investigation of mental health status of medical staff from Hainan who aided Hubei province to fight against COVID-19

Objective:To analyze the mental health status of Hainan Provincial medical staff who aided Hubei Province to combat COVID-19.Methods:The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20(SRQ-20)and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C)were used to evaluate the mental health status of 243 medical staff who aided Hubei Province to combat COVID-19.Results:A total of 221 persons have completed the psychological assessment.The survey showed that 9.05%of the medical staff had different degrees of anxiety,16.29%had different degrees of depression,13.12%were abnormal in Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20,and 9.05%were abnormal in PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version.There were difference in scores of Self-Rating Depression Scale across different genders,age groups,profession and educational levels,But Regression analysis rejects the correlation.Conclusions:The mental health status of Hainan Provincial medical staff who aided Hubei Province to fight against COVID-19 was abnormal,regardless of gender,age,profession or education background.Preventative measures at an early stage are warranted to alleviate the psychological problems.

Legislation,challenges and solutions for the"Dream of the Island Owner"--Review of the application and approval measures on the development and utilization of uninhabited islands in Hainan Province

China's legislation relating to islands categorizes the latter into inhabited and uninhabited ones.Between the two different types,only uninhabited islands can be acquired by those who aspire to be private island owners.In an effort to promote the development and utilization of uninhabited islands in China,a succession of laws and regulations have been formulated,including the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Offshore Islands,and the Application and Approval Measures on the Development and Utilization of Uninhabited Islands,among others.As the only tropical province in China,Hainan province boasts a large number of uninhabited islands,many of which are desired by prospective island owners.In order to promote the development of uninhabited islands,the Application and Approval Measures on the Development and Utilization of Uninhabited Islands in Hainan Province had been promulgated.Based on a detailed introduction on the main contents of the Measures,it is found that the Measures has set an innovative example for its kind in terms of the real estate publicity system,the construction permit and acceptance systems,solutions to using the islands before the issue of Island Protection Law,and verification systems.Nevertheless,the actual implementation of the Measures still brings a host of challenges with it.These relate to aspects of the Measures such as supply regulation premised on regulatory equilibrium,spatial planning with"Multiple-plan Coordination",and coordination between regulations on sea areas and islands.This paper proposes to maximize efforts to refine and coordinate general planning,to innovate systems and procedures regarding the use of islands and to promote the development and utilization of uninhabited islands through protective development in line with international standards.

A New Species of the Genus Sinomicrurus Slowinski,Boundy and Lawson,2001 (Squamata:Elapidae) from Hainan Province,China

A new species of the coral snake genus Sinomicrurus is described based on four specimens from southern Hainan Island （three specimens from Tianchi, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, one specimen from Diaoluoshan National Nature Reserve）, Hainan Province, China. Morphologically, the new species is rather similar to Sinomicrurus kelloggi. However, it is distinct from S. kelloggi by the pattern on the head, the head length, head length/width, the number of infralabial scales, number of bands on dorsal body, and number of blotches on the belly.

DEA Analysis of Agricultural Production Efficiency in Hainan Province

On the basis of summarizing some literatures regarding research of agricultural production efficiency by using DEA at home,we conduct empirical analysis on agricultural production efficiency in 18 cities or counties of Hainan Province in the year 2002,2005 and 2008 by using DEA model.The results show that in 2005 Hainan Province suffered from unusual drought and windstorm,which made the effective value of agricultural production in all cities or counties relatively low;the regions with DEA effectiveness of agricultural production in the year 2002,2005 and 2008 were Qionghai City,Tunchang County,Lingao County,Danzhou City,Qiongzhong County and Baisha County.Haikou City,Wuzhishan City and Baoting County in the year 2002,Lingshui County in the year 2005,and Sanya City and Dongfang County in the year 2008 were also regions with DEA effectiveness,indicating that the input-output of these regions in the corresponding years is in optimal state.Finally,we conduct projection analysis on six cities and counties with non-DEA effectiveness in the year 2008 in Hainan Province,and based on this,find out the approach of improving agricultural production efficiency in these regions.

Developmental Strategies of Betel Nut Industry in Hainan Province

The developmental status of the betel nut industry is introduced, including cultivation situation, processing and development situation, and consumer market situation. The result shows that the cultivation of betel nut in Hainan Province develops rapidly and the primary processing of betel nut has formed certain scale, but the deep processing of betel nut is backward. Except for the mino amount of the betel nuts consumed by Hainan Island, a large majority of the betel nuts are processed into dry fruit to sell to Hunan Province to reprocess. The problems exist in the development of betel nut industry in Hainan Province are analyzed, covering blind cultivation, extensive management, backward processing, lagged new product development and the single and concentrated consumer market. The strategic choice of developing the betel nut industry of Hainan Province is analyzed as well. Hainan Province should carry out the green, sustainable, diversified, cooperative and export-oriented industrial developmental strategy.

Application of Lead Isotopes to Geochemical Exploration of Gold Deposits in Baoban,Hainan Province, China

Lead isotopes have been widely applied in geochemical explora tion and evaluation of ore deposits, as well as in ascertaining the age of miner alization and the source of ore fluids. Long-term practice showed that the meth od of lead isotope targeting is somewhat efficient for macroscopic evaluation of forecasting areas, but not powerful enough for forecasting concealed orebodies. As the contents of U and the variation of U/Pb ratio sharply decrease with dept h in the lithosphere, U-Th-Pb isotopic differentiation must have occurred duri ng the crust-mantle evolution. Lead isotopic ratios show a wide variation range , varying in the front of mineralization and shallow-derived ores, but maintain ing very stable in the major orebody and being usually close to the average isot opic composition of the crust and mantle of the continent block from which the o res were derived. Therefore, the lead isotopic composition can serve as a measur e for identifying the position of mineralization. The lead isotope geochemistry was applied to the exploration and evaluation of the Baoban gold deposits of Hai nan Province, China. The analytical results of ore veins and adjacent rocks show ed that there is a correlation between the lead isotope data and the position of orebody. Based on the experience from the Baoban gold deposits and other ore de posits in Yunnan Province, an exploration principle has been established, that i s, positive anomalies of lead isotope eigenvectors for prospecting deep-seated orebodies and negative anomalies of eigenvectors for enlarging lateral explorati on surrounding the known deposit. The ore beds in the Erjia and Beiniu mining di stricts should be assigned to the deep part of the orebody and those in the Tuwa ishan mining district should be the shallow part, so ore beds corresponding to t hose in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts may be found in the Tuwaishan mini ng district.

Biological Characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.niveum Isolated from Watermelon Cultivated in Plastic Greenhouse and Indoor Toxicity Determination of Different Fungicides in Hainan Province of China

[ Objective] The paper was to study biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province of China and to determine indoor toxicity of fungicides. [ Method] Effects of various factors on mycelial growth and spore germination were stud- ied, and the lethal temperature of spores and indoor toxicity of fungicides were also determined. [Result] The fungal mycelium had a better growth rate on water- melon juice medium than the others. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and spore germination were 28 ℃ and 30 ℃, and the optimum pH values were 7 - 8 and 7 - 9, respectively. Light-dark alternation was conducive for mycelial growth. The lethal temperature of spore was 60 ℃ for 5 min. The fungal mycelium grew better while taking fructose and glucose as carbon sources and yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Toxicity determination showed that 50% pro- chloraz-manganese chloride complex WP had the greatest inhibition effect on mycelial growth, with the ECso value of 0.730 9 μg/mL; followed by 32.5% benzoic azoxystrobin SC, 30% benzoylate· propieanazol EC, 10% difenoconazole WG, 25% bromothalonil · carbendazim WP and 25% bromothalonil WP, with the ECso values from 1.884 7μg/mL to 8. 161 0μg/mL. [Conclusion] The study provided basic data for field control against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum on watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province.

Petrology and geochemistry of the Shilu Fe-polymetallic ore deposit in Hainan Province of South China: Implications for the origin of Neoproterozoic BIFs

The Shilu Fe-polymetallic ore deposit,a famous hematite-rich Fe-ore deposit,is situated at the western Hainan Province of south China.The deposit characterizes the upper Fe ores and the lower Co-Cu ores,which are mainly hosted within a low-grade to medium-grade,dominantly submarine metamorphosed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary succession of the Neoproterozoic Shilu Group.Three facies types of metamorphosed BIFs,i.e.the oxide facies,the silicate-oxide facies and the sulfide-carbonate facies BIFs,are identified within the sixth sequence of the Shilu Group.The oxide facies BIF(i.e.the Fe-rich itabirites or ores)consists of alternating hematite-rich microbands with quartz-rich microbands;the silicate-oxide facies BIF(i.e.the Fe-poor itabirites or ores)comprises alternating millimeter-to a few tens meter-scale,magnetite-hematite-rich bands with calcsilicate-rich(garnet+actinolite+diopside+epidote+quartz)meso-to microbands;and the sulfide-carbonate facies BIF(i.e.the Co-Cu ores)contains alternating macro-to mesobands of Co-bearing pyrite and pyrrhotite,and chalcopyrite with mesobands of dolomite+calcite+diopside+quartz and/or chlorite+sericite+quartz.The blastooolitic,blastopelletoid blastocolloidal and blastopsammitic textures,and blasobedding structures which most likely represent primary sedimentation are often observed in these BIF facies.The interbedded host rocks with the BIFs mainly are the pyroxene-amphibole rocks and the banded or impure dolostones,and also contain banded or laminated structures,and lepido-gra-noblastic,nematoblastic and/or blastoclastic textures.Compositionally,the main host rocks,the pyroxene-amphibole rocks contain basic-intermediate SiO_2(~54.00 wt.%),CaO(~14.19 wt.%),MgO(~9.68 wt.%)and Al_2O_3(~8.49 wt.%)with a positive correlation between Al_2O_3 and TiO_2.The UCC-like Zr and Hf abundances,high Ba content andεNd(t)value(^-5.99)as well as the ratios of La/YbPAAS(0.17~1.00),δEuPAAS(0.88~1.12)andδCePAAS(0.93~1.13)commonly reveal that the protoliths to this type rocks are hydrogenic with a large contribution of terrigenous sediments and minor hydrothermal input.The high CaO+MgO+LOI contents and the extremely low trace element and REEconcentrations as well as the ratios of Y/Ho(44~45),δEuPAAS(1.13~1.57)andδCePAAS(0.69~0.98)reflect a marine origin with minor terrigenous materials for the banded or impure dolostones.Moreover,this type rocks also account for a negativeεNd(t)value(^-7.49).The oxide facies BIF is dominated by Fe_2O_3+FeO(~75.59wt.%)and SiO_2(~20.47 wt.%)with aεNd(t)value of^-6.10.The variable contents in Al_2O_3,TiO 2,K2O,Na2O,Zr,Hf and∑REE,and variable ratios of Y/Ho(24~39)andδEuPAAS(0.86~11.07)suggest the precursor sediments to this facies BIF are admixtures of sea-floor hydrothermal fluids and seawaters with minor involvement of detrital components.Compared to the oxide facies BIF,the silicate-oxide facies BIF is lower in Fe_2O_3+Fe O(~39.81wt.%)and Ba but higher in SiO_2(~42.54 wt.%),Al2O3(~3.60 wt.%),TiO_2(~0.19 wt.%),MgO(~1.12 wt.%),CaO(~9.06 wt.%),K_2O(~0.98 wt.%),Mn and Zr.The ratios of Y/Ho(25~34),La/YbPAAS(0.14-0.74)andδEuPAAS(0.91~1.12)most likely are linked to higher degree of detrital contamintants.While the sulfide-caronate facies BIF is main but variable in Fe_2O_3+Fe O(15.79~57.91 wt.%),SiO 2(0.54~61.52 wt.%),MgO(0.12~16.09wt.%),CaO(0.17~23.41 wt.%)and LOI(8.28-30.06 wt.%).The generally low contents in trace elements(including REE)except for an obvious enrichment in Pb,and the positive Ce anomalies(δCePAAS=1.04~1.95)and negative Pr anomalies(δPrPAAS=0.67~0.93),as well as the variable ratios ofδEuPAAS(0.72~1.71),La/YbPAAS(0.26~1.60)and Y/Ho(26~57)suggest that the precursors to the sulfide-carbonate facies BIF mainly are metalliferious sediments from deep-marine hydrotheral source with minor detrital components.The T2DM ages(ca.2.0 Ga)imply that the Shilu BIFs and interbedded host rocks contain a component with Paleoproterozoic crustal residence age due to a significant crustal accretion event at ca.2.0 Ga in Hainan Island.In connection with the petrographical and mineralogical relationship,we conclude that the precursor precipitates to the Shilu BIFs are variable degree of admixtures of the Fe-Co-Cu-(Si)-rich hydrothermal fluids and detrital components from seawater and fresh water carring continental landmass;whereas the protolith to the main interbedded host rocks,i.e.the pyroxene-amphibole rocks,most likely was terrigenous,fine-grained clastic-sediments but with significant input of hydrothermal fluids in a seawater environment.As a result,a continent marginal marine basin is proposed for deposition of the Shilu BIFs and interbedded host rocks.Sea-level fluctuations caused by marine transgression–regressions possibly contributed to changes in the composition and varied input of the terrigenous sediments.

LAND USE STRATEGIES IN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES OF CHINA:THE CASE STUDY OF HAINAN PROVINCE

Special economic zones are important bridges between Chinaand intemational market. Their economic structure is being transformed andnew land use strategies should be taken correspondingly. HainanProvince, as the biggest special economic zone, has great superiorities andpotentialities for the development of land use. In order to realize the goal,the present land use decision should be mainly guided by market, moreattention should be paid to tropical agriculture and aquatic productindustry, the principle of sustainable development should be strengthened,and the area of farmland for grain production should be stabilized.

Studies on Characteristics of Fracture Lithofaciesin Wenxipo W-Cs-Rb Polymetallic Deposit,Hainan Province,China

1 Introduction Wenxipo W-Cs-Rb polymetallic depositis located in Fengshou rubidium-cesium polymetallic prospecting area in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,China.The hornstone facies,a thermal metamorphic facies,

Mineral-geochemical analysis on the Danzhou tungsten-cesium polymetallic deposit, Hainan Province

In the previous geological exploration,the distribution range and mineralization characteristics of rubidium-cesium mineralized bodies were preliminarily found in Danzhou rubidium-cesium polymetallic mining