Weaknesses of Chomsky's Theory of Language

As seemingly persuasive as Chomsky's theory is, it is significantly flawed in four aspects: 1. ignoring a much fundamental creative force in early infancy; 2. equation of first-language learning with second-language learning; 3. methodology; 4. employment of terms.

S.D. Krashen's Language Acquisition Theory and the Teaching of Business English Reading

This paper first illustrates S.D. Krashen's language acquisition theory, especially two of his five hypotheses as well as the guidance of these theories towards the teaching of business English reading for students majored in business English.

Anderson's Cognitive Theory and Learning Strategy Studies in Second Language Acquisition

Second language acquisition can not be understood without addressing the interaction between language and cognition. Cognitive theory can extend to describe learning strategies as complex cognitive skills. Theoretical developments in Anderson’s production systems cover a broader range of behavior than other theories, including comprehension and production of oral and written texts as well as comprehension, problem solving, and verbal learning.Thus Anderson’s cognitive theory can be served as a rationale for learning strategy studies in second language acquisition.

The Implications of Krashen’s Second Language Acquisition Theory on College English Teaching

Krashen's second language acquisition theory consists of language input theory,emotion filtering theory and languageoutput theory.In order to apply Krashen's second language acquisition theory to college English teaching,it is suggested to commence from the acquisition and learning theories to optimize the teaching environment and methods.On the basis of language input theory,emotional filtering theory and language output theory,English input quality could be improved,students'learning interests could be stimulated and English practical teaching could be accelerated respectively.

Wittgenstein’s Picture Theory in the Quantum Mechanical Worldview

Recently we proposed the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation (or, quantum language), which has a great power to describe both classical and quantum systems. Thus we think that quantum language can be viewed as the language of science. Therefore, it makes sense to study, from the quantum linguistic point of view, Wittgenstein’s picture theory, since he must have wanted to create a language of science. In this paper, we show that the proposition that Wittgenstein studied in his book “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus” can be regarded as a binary projective measurement in classical quantum language. And thus, we conclude that Wittgenstein’s language (i.e., the language that he supposed in his book) is realized by classical quantum language. Hence, now we can fully understand Wittgenstein’s picture theory since the reason his book is incomprehensible is that he did not define his language.

The Mathematical and Physical Theory of Rational Human Intelligence: Complete Empirical-Digital Properties;Full Electrochemical-Mechanical Model (Part I: Mathematical Foundations)

The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)

An Analysis of Problematic C-E Translations of Signs in Light of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory

Based on Nida’s Functional Equivalence theory,this article makes an analysis of the problems in C-E translations ofsigns in China.The author will discuss respectively the problematic C-E translations from two respects:1)not being equivalent tosource-language message,and 2)not being natural for target language.If translators work hard with the help of Nida’s functionalequivalence theory,the defects and imperfections will be discovered,and standard signs in English will be read more and more inpublic places.

用基于矩阵的D-S证据理论方法判定目标属性

D-S证据理论在多传感器数据融合中具有广泛的应用前景。其中Dempster综合规则可对可信度函数进行融合计算,当目标命题的个数很多时,融合计算容易造成漏项,引起计算错误。针对该问题,提出建立关于目标命题的关系矩阵以计算各目标命题的可信度分配值。通过关系矩阵,就可以利用计算机和Matlab语言编程实现自动计算,自动遍历所有项,避免漏项,保证结果的正确性。最后给出算法示例和应用Matlab程序计算的结果。

Halliday语言符号理论探讨

从Halliday语言符号理论的构成要素,语义、层次、体现之间的关系和语言符号的社会意义三个方面对Halliday的理论进行了探讨,以期深化对语言符号理论的认识。

Higher Variations of the Monty Hall Problem (3.0, 4.0) and Empirical Definition of the Phenomenon of Mathematics, in Boole’s Footsteps, as Something the Brain Does

In Advances in Pure Mathematics (www.scirp.org/journal/apm), Vol. 1, No. 4 (July 2011), pp. 136-154, the mathematical structure of the much discussed problem of probability known as the Monty Hall problem was mapped in detail. It is styled here as Monty Hall 1.0. The proposed analysis was then generalized to related cases involving any number of doors (d), cars (c), and opened doors (o) (Monty Hall 2.0) and 1 specific case involving more than 1 picked door (p) (Monty Hall 3.0). In cognitive terms, this analysis was interpreted in function of the presumed digital nature of rational thought and language. In the present paper, Monty Hall 1.0 and 2.0 are briefly reviewed (§§2-3). Additional generalizations of the problem are then presented in §§4-7. They concern expansions of the problem to the following items: (1) to any number of picked doors, with p denoting the number of doors initially picked and q the number of doors picked when switching doors after doors have been opened to reveal goats (Monty Hall 3.0;see §4);(3) to the precise conditions under which one’s chances increase or decrease in instances of Monty Hall 3.0 (Monty Hall 3.2;see §6);and (4) to any number of switches of doors (s) (Monty Hall 4.0;see §7). The afore-mentioned article in APM, Vol. 1, No. 4 may serve as a useful introduction to the analysis of the higher variations of the Monty Hall problem offered in the present article. The body of the article is by Leo Depuydt. An appendix by Richard D. Gill (see §8) provides additional context by building a bridge to modern probability theory in its conventional notation and by pointing to the benefits of certain interesting and relevant tools of computation now available on the Internet. The cognitive component of the earlier investigation is extended in §9 by reflections on the foundations of mathematics. It will be proposed, in the footsteps of George Boole, that the phenomenon of mathematics needs to be defined in empirical terms as something that happens to the brain or something that the brain does. It is generally assumed that mathematics is a property of nature or reality or whatever one may call it. There is not the slightest intention in this paper to falsify this assumption because it cannot be falsified, just as it cannot be empirically or positively proven. But there is no way that this assumption can be a factual observation. It can be no more than an altogether reasonable, yet fully secondary, inference derived mainly from the fact that mathematics appears to work, even if some may deem the fact of this match to constitute proof. On the deepest empirical level, mathematics can only be directly observed and therefore directly analyzed as an activity of the brain. The study of mathematics therefore becomes an essential part of the study of cognition and human intelligence. The reflections on mathematics as a phenomenon offered in the present article will serve as a prelude to planned articles on how to redefine the foundations of probability as one type of mathematics in cognitive fashion and on how exactly Boole’s theory of probability subsumes, supersedes, and completes classical probability theory. §§2-7 combined, on the one hand, and §9, on the other hand, are both self-sufficient units and can be read independently from one another. The ultimate design of the larger project of which this paper is part remains the increase of digitalization of the analysis of rational thought and language, that is, of (rational, not emotional) human intelligence. To reach out to other disciplines, an effort is made to describe the mathematics more explicitly than is usual.

The Monty Hall Problem and beyond: Digital-Mathematical and Cognitive Analysis in Boole’s Algebra, Including an Extension and Generalization to Related Cases

The Monty Hall problem has received its fair share of attention in mathematics. Recently, an entire monograph has been devoted to its history. There has been a multiplicity of approaches to the problem. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The design of the present paper is to add one more approach by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem in digital terms. The structure of the problem is described as much as possible in the tradition and the spirit—and as much as possible by means of the algebraic conventions—of George Boole’s Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), the Magna Charta of the digital age, and of John Venn’s Symbolic Logic (second edition, 1894), which is squarely based on Boole’s Investigation and elucidates it in many ways. The focus is not only on the digital-mathematical structure itself but also on its relation to the presumed digital nature of cognition as expressed in rational thought and language. The digital approach is outlined in part 1. In part 2, the Monty Hall problem is analyzed digitally. To ensure the generality of the digital approach and demonstrate its reliability and productivity, the Monty Hall problem is extended and generalized in parts 3 and 4 to related cases in light of the axioms of probability theory. In the full mapping of the mathematical structure of the Monty Hall problem and any extensions thereof, a digital or non-quantitative skeleton is fleshed out by a quantitative component. The pertinent mathematical equations are developed and presented and illustrated by means of examples.

一种中国手语单手词汇识别系统

利用数据手套、视觉设备和肘部弯曲传感器作为输入设备,提出了一种基于特征匹配和信息融合的中国手语单手词汇识别系统。首先利用手姿信息和手势信息的类型判别来确定待识词所属类别,并选择相应的词库;然后根据所属类别将待识词和库中词的相应特征按一定的规则进行匹配;最后利用D-S证据理论将各特征的匹配结果进行融合,选择具有最大基本概率赋值的词汇作为输出。实验结果表明,该系统不但具有较好的实时性和灵活性,而且识别率比较高。

中文文本语义错误侦测方法研究

中文文本语义错误侦测一直以来都是中文文本自动查错的难点.该文针对中文文本语义错误,提出了一种基于语义搭配知识库和证据理论的语义错误侦测模型.讨论了三层语义搭配知识库的构建以及基于该知识库和证据理论的语义错误侦测算法.三层语义搭配知识库的构建主要分为两步:(1)根据《现代汉语实词搭配词典》中的实词搭配框架构建词语搭配规则集,从训练语料中抽取词语搭配,并利用互信息和共现频次进行筛选,构建词语搭配知识库;(2)利用《HowNet》抽取词语的义原信息,生成词语-义原和义原-义原搭配知识库,并利用聚合度进行二次筛选.在三层语义搭配知识库的基础上,首先对知识库采用自顶向下的搜索模式确定可能错误的语义搭配,然后使用语义搭配的互信息量MI和聚合度PD作为证据,采用统计的方法建立证据信任分配函数,结合证据的冲突处理和加权分配D-S规则进行不确定性推理,获取词语的语义搭配关联强度,以判定是否存在语义错误.实验结果显示,该文所提出的查错模型和算法的F-Score值比其他文献中的最好值提高了14.02%.

一种单手动态手指语的识别方法

本文利用数据手套CAS—Glove作为输入设备,在将各手指关节的运动状态进行模糊划分的基础上,提出了一种基于多特征匹配和D—S证据理论的单手动态手指语识别方法.该方法以初始状态向量、状态概率分布和周期特征向量作为词汇的特征描述,通过特征匹配确定候选词的基本概率赋值,根据D—S证据理论将这些信息进行融合,确定出最终的识别结果.实验结果表明该方法具有比较好的识别率和实时性,证实了该方法的有效性.

人类自然语言不确定性及粗集理论的表示

在现实世界中,人们对事物的推理、判断、预测和决策等智力行为大多数是在问题领域的息不完全、不确定、不精确或者模糊的条件下进行的。为了完成这些智力行为。

Wittgenstein语言哲学思想对Halliday意义理论的启示

Wittgenstein和Halliday分别是当代语言哲学和系统功能语言学的领军人物。Wittgenstein语言哲学中的逻辑图像、意义用法论、语言游戏论、意义的不可言说性和Halli day意义理论体系中的概念基块、意义的适用性、语域、语法范畴的不可言说性具有相通之处,且前者对后者具有启示作用,从而也证实了系统功能语言学中所蕴含的语言哲学思想。

用言语行为理论分析教师语言的语用功能

文章先借助语料库研究教师语言的形式和特征,再以言语行为等理论为指导,分析教师语言的语言形式和语用功能,然后提出其对外语教学的启示,帮助教师调节和规范自己的语言,使教学事半功倍,收到更好的效果。

大学英语网络平台教学资源模块的构建

基于克拉申第二语言习得理论及教师和学生的需求分析,从等级题库、视听英语及文化之旅等八个方面设计了网络平台教学资源模块,探讨了资源汲取方法.通过满意度评估,表明该资源模块适用性强,资源丰富,能使大学英语的教与学双方受益匪浅,有助于实现各自既定的目标.

关联视角下手机短信的言语幽默与反讽

本文从语用学的角度,运用关联理论对手机短信中的言语幽默进行分析研究,并进一步探讨了幽默手机短信中的言语反讽与民生问题。幽默言语对关联理论的有意无意的违反解释了幽默的产生过程和致笑机理。方寸之间,让人们感受到语言的美感,体会到手机短信语言的独特魅力。

戴维森的后期意义理论及其对话辩证法思想

较之其早期的成真条件意义理论,戴维森在20世纪90年代构建的后期意义理论尚未受到应有的关注。戴维森的后期意义理论不是对其早期意义理论所做的无关宏旨的修补,而是体现了完全不同的理论旨趣和形态。对戴维森的后期意义理论进行分析探讨有助于我们更为全面地理解戴维森的哲学思想,在某种意义上对于我们更好地把握当代西方哲学的动态发展也不无裨益。戴维森通过引入解释者这一要素将解释活动置于解释者、说话者以及共同世界三者的互动关系之中。戴维森所构建的人—他人—世界三元互动的三角测量解释模式,旨在表明语言理解依赖主体间的语言交流互动,意义不是预先设定的,它是交流互动的产物,是解释行动的结果。戴维森的后期意义理论拒斥语言交流和意义的约定论,强调语言理解的主体间性,彰显对话性和动态生成性,蕴含了对话辩证法的思想。