The Preliminary Study on the Distribution of Halothane Gene in Breeding Pigs from Beijing Area

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the distribution of the halothane （Haln） gene in breeding pig group in Beijing area.[Method] PCR-RFLP method was used to determine Haln genotype of 609 breeding pigs from boar stations and pig breeding farms in Beijing.[Result] The Haln gene frequencies of Large White,Landrace,Duroc and Pietrain pigs of the boar stations were 0,17.11%,5.56% and 18.75%,respectively; and the Haln gene frequencies of Large White,Landrace and Duroc pigs of pig breeding farms were 4.52%,11.68% and 23.33%,respectively.[Conclusion] The result provided a basis for the rational use of Haln gene.

工程教育中心何以推动科教融合——荷兰4TU工程教育中心的探索性单案例研究

工程教育中心作为建立在大学或研究机构中的跨学科交叉合作平台,是连接科学研究与教育实践的纽带,在高质量工程人才培养中发挥着重要作用。荷兰4TU工程教育中心利用4所顶尖理工大学在工程学科和教育领域的独特优势,积极与研发单位、教育单位、企业部门合作,通过将前沿科学研究彻底融入工程课程设计、教学模式等多个方面,形成了独具一格的科教融合工程人才培养模式。文章从战略目标、组织架构、运行机制、质量保障4个维度详实分析了4TU工程教育中心推动科教融合的内在机制,总结归纳其在主题项目设置、教育共同体形成、课程体系迭代、创新网络构建、内外部质量保障等方面的核心特征,期望对我国科教融合的工程教育改革与建设有所启示。

沉默TUFM通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬对肺源性心脏病模型大鼠肺动脉高压的影响

目的探讨线粒体翻译延伸因子Tu(TUFM)通过线粒体自噬促进肺动脉高压(PAH)血管重塑的作用机制。方法2022年1月—2023年6月于辽宁省人民医院中心实验室进行实验。将36只健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为空白对照(Ctrl)组、模型(PAH)组、TUFM过表达(OE)组、OE阴性对照(OE-NC)组、短发夹RNA(Sh)敲除TUFM(Sh)组和Sh-NC阴性对照(Sh-NC)组,每组6只。除Ctrl组外,其余大鼠均一次性腹腔注射1%野百合碱(60 mg/kg)诱导心源性肺水肿PAH大鼠模型;大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)在低氧(3%O 2)条件下培养24 h模拟体内肺动脉高压微环境,分为常氧(Norm)组、低氧(Hyp)组、小干扰RNA(SiRNA)-1组、SiRNA-2组、Si-NC组、OE-NC组和OE组。右心导管插管和脉冲多普勒超声检测大鼠肺血流动力学;苏木素-伊红染色检测肺小动脉病理结构;免疫荧光共染检测TUFM组织定位;细胞计数法检测细胞增殖;透射电镜观察线粒体结构和自噬小体;蛋白免疫印迹检测TUFM、自噬、凋亡和磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路相关蛋白表达。结果与Ctrl组比较,PAH组大鼠TUFM蛋白表达升高,且主要与PASMC标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)在肺小动脉内膜存在共定位,而与内皮细胞标志物CD31无共定位,肺动脉收缩压(PASP)升高,肺动脉血流加速时间(PAAT)缩短,远端肺小动脉管壁呈向心性增厚,管腔狭窄几乎堵塞,TUFM、苄氯素1重组蛋白(BECN1)、人微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)II/I和B淋巴细胞瘤2(Bcl2)蛋白表达升高,P62、Bcl2相关X蛋白(Bax)和凋亡酶激活因子(Apaf)蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与PAH组比较,OE组PASP升高,PAAT缩短,肺小动脉管壁厚度升高,肺动脉TUFM、BECN1、LC3II/I和Bcl2表达升高,P62、Bax和Apaf表达降低(P<0.05);与PAH组比较,Sh组PASP降低,PAAT延长,肺小动脉管壁厚度和管腔狭窄度有所改善,TUFM、BECN1、LC3II/I和Bcl2表达降低,P62、Bax和Apaf表达升高(P<0.05)。与Norm组比较,Hyp组PASMC细胞TUFM蛋白表达升高;与Si-NC组细胞相比,SiRNA-1和SiRNA-2组P62、Bax蛋白表达升高,BECN1、LC3II/I、Bcl2、TUFM表达降低,线粒体结构完整,PASMC细胞增殖活性降低,细胞p-AMPK表达降低,p-mTOR表达升高(P<0.05);与OE-NC组比较,OE组细胞P62和Bax蛋白表达降低,BECN1、LC3II/I、Bcl2和TUFM表达升高,部分线粒体损伤崩解,嵴断裂消失,PASMC细胞增殖活性明显升高,细胞p-AMPK表达升高,p-mTOR表达降低(P<0.05)。结论沉默TUFM可通过激活AMPK/mTOR信号通路促进线粒体自噬加速PAH肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡。

秦川牛宰后成熟过程中线粒体翻译延长因子Tu与能量代谢的关联性分析

目的:线粒体翻译延长因子Tu(mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor,TUFM)已被证明参与秦川牛宰后成熟过程中的细胞自噬活动,实验探究该过程中TUFM表达与能量代谢变化的关系。方法:以秦川牛背最长肌为研究对象,测定4℃不同成熟时间(0、2、12、24、48、96、144、192 h)TUFM表达量及含量、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、乳酸(lactic acid,LA)、腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)、单磷酸腺苷(adenosine monophosphate,AMP)6种物质含量以及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)、磷酸丙糖异构酶(triose phosphate isomerase,TPI)、苹果酸脱氢酶(malate dehydrogenase,MDH)、细胞色素c氧化酶(cytochrome c oxidase,COX)5种酶活性的变化情况。结果:在秦川牛宰后成熟期间,GLU、ATP、ADP、AMP含量和LDH、SDH、TPI活性均呈下降趋势,TUFM表达量、MDH活性及LA和TUFM含量均呈先上升后下降趋势,COX活性呈先下降后上升再下降趋势。能量代谢各指标和TUFM蛋白主要在宰后初期发挥作用,对宰后初期及宰后中后期分别进行Pearson相关性分析,结果表明,在宰后初期牛背最长肌中TUFM表达量与MDH、LA呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与ATP、ADP、AMP、LDH、SDH、TPI、COX、GLU呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。在宰后中后期,TUFM表达与所有指标(GLU、LA、ATP、ADP、AMP、LDH、MDH、SDH、TPI、COX)均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:在宰后初期TUFM表达量逐渐增加,可为肌肉细胞提供能量从而用于能量代谢途径,该过程可能是TUFM正向参与细胞自噬所致。在宰后中后期能量短缺时,TUFM可能抑制细胞自噬,优先将能量用于除细胞自噬外的其他重要途径(如能量代谢途径)以维持细胞稳态。综上,在宰后成熟过程中TUFM具有双重作用,可调节细胞自噬为能量代途径提供能量,有助于维持宰后能量代谢持续的时间。

绵羊肺炎支原体EF-Tu蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

[目的]克隆绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae,Mo)EF-Tu基因,原核表达获得EF-Tu蛋白,制备抗EF-Tu蛋白的兔源多克隆抗体,为研究肺炎支原体EF-Tu蛋白的结构和功能奠定基础。[方法]采用重叠延伸PCR方法将pET-28a-EF-Tu质粒中EF-Tu基因中间的TGA密码子突变为TGG,并对测序结果与其他支原体参考株进行相似性比对和遗传进化分析,利用在线软件对其推测的蛋白序列进行生物信息学分析。将突变后的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞进行原核表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定,利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化,以纯化的EF-Tu融合蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,采用间接ELISA和Western blotting检测多克隆抗体效价及免疫反应性。[结果]试验成功突变了EF-Tu基因中TGA位点,并构建了融合表达His标签pET-28a-EF-Tu′原核表达载体。生物信息学分析表明,克隆的EF-Tu基因与绵羊肺炎支原体MoGH3-3菌株相似性最高,亲缘关系最近;编码387个氨基酸,无N-糖基化位点和跨膜区域,存在10个丝氨酸、20个苏氨酸、4个酪氨酸磷酸化位点,二级结构由无规则卷曲(35.14%)、α-螺旋(26.87%)、延伸链(26.87%)及β-转角(11.11%)构成。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,目的蛋白大小约为43 ku,蛋白纯化浓度为0.615 g/L。ELISA和Western blotting结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体效价可达1∶128 000,能够特异性识别EF-Tu融合蛋白,具有良好的免疫反应性。[结论]本研究成功突变了EF-Tu基因的TGA密码子,原核表达并纯化获得EF-Tu融合蛋白,制备其多克隆抗体效价为1∶128 000,为后续研究肺炎支原体EF-Tu蛋白结构和生物学功能及其疫苗研发提供了试验基础。

异氟烷麻醉对小鼠自发肌电及TUS/TMAS诱发肌电的影响

经颅超声刺激(TUS)和经颅磁声耦合刺激(TMAS)调控运动皮层效果明显,但受限于清醒状态动物难以束缚,已有研究大多在麻醉状态下进行,对麻醉减弱调控效果的分析集中于中枢神经系统。本研究记录了异氟烷麻醉下24只小鼠的肢体自发肌电和TUS/TMAS诱发肌电,定量分析了麻醉对自发肌电和诱发肌电发放率、潜伏期、时长和幅值的影响。结果显示,随着异氟烷输出浓度从0.40%增加至0.75%,每周期内小鼠自发肌电频次减少约50%,肌电发放时长变短,呈抑制状态;TUS/TMAS诱发肌电的成功率分别降低约50%和70%、潜伏期均延长约0.1 s、时长分别缩短约0.3和0.5 s,表明TUS/TMAS对运动皮层的调控效果随麻醉程度的加深而减弱。肢体自发和诱发肌电在发放率和时长上存在关联性特征,提示麻醉状态下小鼠自发肌电抑制状态可能是刺激效果减弱的影响因素之一。

Genetic Screening of Halothane Gene on Selected Philippine Native Pig Herds

The establishment of nucleus herds (NHs) of Native Pigs (NPs) at various R&D stations in the Philippines is currently being undertaken for food security and genetic conservation advocacy. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is being utilized to identify individuals carrying favorable alleles of genes associated with production traits and screen out genetic defects (GD) for breeding purposes. Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) caused by a mutation in Halothane (HAL) gene is a GD frequently found in commercial breeds that when expressed, causes pale, soft, exudative (PSE) meat. PSE is inferior quality meat undesirable in the market causing economic losses to the swine industry. Thus, this study was conducted to screen the HAL gene through mutagenically separated-polymerase chain reaction (MSPCR) in selected NP herds and assessed its repeatability in local breeds. Results showed that out of 577 screened individuals, 543 (94.11%) were normal (NN), 0 (0%) were homozygous mutant (nn) and 34 (5.89%) were heterozygous carriers (Nn). Therefore, the optimized PSS screening protocol using MSPCR is also applicable to local breeds. As such, the availability of genetic tests for PSS could be useful in improving the Philippine NPs breeding selection and inhibiting or eliminating PSS mutant incidence within its nucleus herd.

An Investigation of Moxibustion Treatment for Abscesses in the Song Dynasty:Focusing on the“Jiu Ai Tu”

Jiu Ai Tu(The Moxa Treatment)from the Song dynasty is the earliest surviving painting that focuses on the subject of acupuncture and moxibustion.This paper takes the medical activities depicted in the artwork as its research object and systematically analyzes the external treatment methods for abscesses during the Song dynasty reflected in Jiu Ai Tu.By examining the understanding of abscesses during that period,the paper explores the level of development in external medicine techniques.By analyzing the medical awareness and behaviors of patients when facing such severe illnesses,it aims to explore the societal cognition and experiences regarding health and disease.The paper attempts to present the folk medical ecology of the Song dynasty represented by Jiu Ai Tu.

The water-soluble TF3 component from Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker promotes tibial fracture healing in rats by promoting osteoblast proliferation and angiogenesis

Objective:To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods: A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat tibial fracture model.Progression of bone healing was assessed using radiological methods.Safranin O/fast green and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the growth of bone cells and angiogenesis at the fracture site.Methylthiazoletetrazolium blue and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell viability and migration.The Transwell assay was used to explore the invasion capacity of the cells.Tubule formation assays were used to assess the angiogenesis capacity of human vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs).qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the changes in gene transcription levels.Results: Tu Bie Chong fraction 3(TF3)significantly shortened the fracture healing time in model rats.X-ray results showed that on day 14,fracture healing in the TF3 treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P=.0086).Tissue staining showed that cartilage growth and the number of H-shaped blood vessels at the fracture site of the TF3 treatment group were better than those of the control group.In vitro,TF3 significantly promoted the proliferation and wound healing of MC3T3-E1s and HUVECs(all P<.01).Transwell assays showed that TF3 promoted the migration of HUVECs,but inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells.Tubule formation experiments confirmed that TF3 markedly promoted the ability of vascular endothelial cells to form microtubules.Gene expression analysis revealed that TF3 significantly promoted the expression of VEGFA,SPOCD1,NGF,and NGFR in HUVECs.In MC3T3-E1 cells,the transcript levels of RUNX2 and COL2A1 were significantly elevated following TF3 treatment.Conclusion: TF3 promotes fracture healing by promoting bone regeneration associated with the RUNX2 pathway and angiogenesis associated with the VEGFA pathway.

Stereological and cytochemical study on the pathogenesis of hepatitis induced by halothane in rats

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between hepatotoxicity of halothane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats by means of Ca2+ cytochemical location and EDX microanalysis combined with stereology of liver and ultrastructural analysis by computer. It was found that more calcium precipitated in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of liver than that in the controls following halothane exposure. This alteration appears to be the result of accelerated uptake of Ca2+ by hepatocytes and decreased output of loaded Ca2+ on the one hand, and increased release of reserved Ca2+ on the other hand. These results suggest that change in cullular Ca2+ balance plays an important role in the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by halothane exposure.

Study on Relationship Between Halothane Gene and Behavioral Stereotypies in Pregnant Sows

A simple preparation using the ear tissue for PCR amplification was established for diagnosis of genotypes for halothane in 181 sows.3 halothane heterozygous pigs were detected.The behaviors of the sows that have different genotypes were observed.The heterozygous sows expressed seem more behavioral stereotypies than halothane resistant.But there is no difference in two genotypes.The behaviour directed trough in heterozygous sows is higher than halothane resistant.

Role of cellular immunity in halothane hepatitis: an in vitro study

Objective: To explore the effect of cellular immunity in halothane hepatitis. Methods: Hepatotoxicity model was established by exposing male Hartley guinea pigs to 1% halothane via inspiration for 4 h each time for 1 or 3 times within a 42-day interval. Then their hepatocytes and lymphocytes were collected and divided into 2 parts for different cultures. Hepatocytes were cultivated with or without 1% halothane for 4 h and lymphocytes were cultivated with or without 12.5 μg/ml trifluoroacetylated guinea pig serum albumin (TFA-GSA). Then the 2 kinds of hepatocytes were co-cultivated with lymphocytes (1:100) with or without TFA-GSA induction respectively and the supernatant fluid was taken after 24, 48 and 72 h to determine the concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The halothane cultivated hepatocytes were co-cultivated with various proportion of TFA-GSA antigen induced lymphocytes and ALT was determined after 48 h to determine the proper proportion of hepatocytes and lymphocyte. Results: Lymphocytes of 3 times halothane induced guinea pigs caused a significant increase of ALT in hepatocytes with or without halothane induction. But the lymphocytes of 1 time halothane induced guinea pigs only caused a significant increase of ALT in hepatocytes with induction of halothane. The increase of ALT was only seen after 48- and 72-hour co-culture. The proper proportion of hepatocytes and lymphocytes was 1:100 for lymphocytes cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Lymphocytes is sensitized after inhalation of halothane and generates cytotoxicity to hepatocytes. The immune response of lymphocytes to hepatocytes will be enhanced by repeated inhalation of halothane. The cellular immunity may be one of the mechanisms of halothane induced hepatotoxicity.

TU1无氧铜/316L不锈钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能

采用真空电子束焊分别对2mm、3mm、5mm不同厚度的TU1无氧铜板材和316L不锈钢板材进行异种材料焊接,并对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:焊缝区和热影响区呈现波浪形状,焊缝区存在不同程度的混合组织,接头母材区及热影响区的晶粒大小随铜钢板材厚度的增加而增加。TU1热影响区的晶粒明相比母材区,明显增大。焊缝区的硬度高于母材区。在电子束电流为10mA,加速电压为150kV,焊接速度为15mm/s的焊接参数下,2mm、3mm、5mm厚的接头抗拉强度分别是263MPa、174MPa、141MPa。2mm厚的拉伸式样断裂发生在TU1热影响区,而3mm和5mm厚拉伸式样断裂发生在焊缝处,即2mm厚的TU1无氧铜板材和316L不锈钢板材焊接接头抗拉性能最好。

Experimental research on phospholipids variation of halothane on liver mitochondria

AIM To study the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity of halothane. METHODS The effect of different concentration of halothane and sevoflurane on mitochondrial membrane phospholipids composition of rat liver were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology. RESULTS Halothane at low concentration could degrade mitochondrial membrane major phospholipids and increase lysophosphatidylcholine. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of halothane hepatotoxicity was the phospholipids variation on liver mitochondria.

Ca^(2+) cytochemical changes of hepatotoxicity caused by halothane and sevoflurane in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats

AIM： To investigat the relation between hepatotoxicity of halothane and sevoflurane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats. METHODS： Forty-eight rats were pretreated with phenobarbital and randomly divided into six groups （eight in each group） and exposed to O2/N2/1.2 MAC anesthetics for 1 h： normal control （NC）, 21% O2/79% N2; hypoxic control （HC）, 14% O2/86% N2; normal sevoflurane （NS）, 21% O2/ N2/1.2MAC sevoflurane; hypoxic sevoflurane （HS）, 14% O2/N2/1.2MAC sevoflurane; normal halothane （NH）21%O2/79%N2/1.2MAC halothane; hypoxic halothane （HH）, 14%O2/N2/1.2MAC halothane. Liver specimens and blood were taken 24 h after exposure to calcium and determined by EDX microanalysis. RESULTS： The liver of all rats given halothane （14% O2） had extensive centrilobular necrosis and denaturation. Morphologic damage was accompanied with an increase in serum glutarnic pyruvic transminase. In groups NH and HH, more calcium was precipitated in cytoplasm and mitochondria. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that halothane increases cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration in hepatocytes. Elevation in Ca^2＋ concentration is implicated in the mechanism of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity. sevoflurane is less effective in affecting hepatic calcium homeostasis than halothane.

Expression and distribution of c-fos oncogene within central nervous system of the rat following halothane anesthesia

Objective: To study the distribution of c fos oncogene expression within central nervous system (CNS) of the rat during halothane anesthesia. Methods: c-fos oncogene immunohistochemical technique (ABC method) was employed. Results: When halothane concentration was 0.75%,1.5%or2.0%, most of the Fos-like immunore- active neurons (FLNs) appeared in telencephalon, diencephalon and brain stem, including cerebral cortex, amygaloid nucleus, accumbens nucleus, lateral keptal nucleus. bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, field CA1 of Ammon’s horn, islands of Calleja, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, central medial thalamic nucleus, reuniens thalamic nucleus, rhomboid thalamic nucleus. ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(ventral part). periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus. medial and lateral habenular nucleus. midbrain periaqueductal gray and Edinger-Westphal nucleus.In the present stude. we have also found that the number of FLN registered stable increase along with the increaseof the concentration of halothane. Conclusion: It has been indicated that FLNs participate in the process ofhalothane anesthesia. which should necessitate and pave the way for a further study of the patterns of linkage andthe mechanism of interaction between functional nuclei.

Halothane hepatitis in Iran:A review of 59 cases

AIM:To study halothane hepatitis (HH) in Iran and its associated risk factors. METHODS: We retrospectively studied files of all cases diagnosed with HH referred to three referral hospitals and four private centers in Iran from April 1994 to September 2006. Information on age at surgery, gender, medications history, obesity, history of previous exposure, previous reaction to halothane, familial history, type of surgery, perioperative hypoxia or sepsis, morbidity and mortality were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 59 cases were identifi ed. Forty- eight (81%) were women. The median age at the time of surgery was 44 years (range, 18 to 80 years). Sixty percent of patients were above 40-year-old. Obesity was observed in 22.2%. Previous history of exposures to halothane was noted in 61% of which 50% had history of post-exposure reaction. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), cholecystectomy, and cosmetic surgeries (mainly weight reduction) were the most frequent surgeries. The mortality rate was 12.2%. In patients developing encephalopathy, it was as high as 50%. CONCLUSION: HH remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in centers still using this anesthetic. However, a large percentage of these casescould have been avoided. To lessen occurrence of further cases of HH, the authors suggest that in female patients having a history of surgery (or delivery) with general anesthesia, the use of halothane should be absolutely avoided. Utilization of proper substitutes in adults’ anesthesia is advocated.

Low-dose Simvastatin Increases Skeletal Muscle Sensitivity to Caffeine and Halothane

Objective To determine whether the myotoxic side effects of statin simvastatin affect skeletal muscle's sensitivity to caffeine and halothane. Methods Primary cultured neonate rat skeletal myotubes were treated with 0.01-5.0 μmol/L simvastatin for 48 hours. MTT was used to evaluate cellular viability. The gross morphology and microstructure of the myotubes were observed with a light and electron microscope, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentrations([Ca^(2+)]i) at rest and in response to caffeine and halothane were investigated by fluorescence calcium imaging. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA) test. Results Simvastatin(0.01-5.0 μmol/L) decreased myotube viability, changed their morphological features and microstructure, and increased the resting [Ca^(2+)]i in a dose-dependent manner. Simvastatin did not change myotube's sensitivity to low doses of caffeine(0.625-2.5 mmol/L) or halothane(1.0-5.0 mmol/L). In response to high-dose caffeine(10.0 mmol/L, 20.0 mmol/L) and halothane(20.0 mmol/L, 40.0 mmol/L), myotubes treated with 0.01 μmol/L simvastatin showed a significant increase in sensitivity, but those treated with 1.0 μmol/L and 5.0 μmol/L simvastatin showed a significant decrease. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+) storage peaked in the myotubes treated with 0.01 μmol/L simvastatin, but it decreased when cells were treated with higher doses of simvastatin(0.1-5.0 μmol/L).Conclusions The myotoxic side effect of simvastatin was found to change the sensitivity of myotubes in response to high-dose caffeine and halothane. When dose was low, sensitivity increased mainly because of increased Ca^(2+) content in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which might explain why some individuals with statin-induced myotoxic symptoms may show positive caffeine-halothane contracture test results. However, when the dose was high and the damage to the myotubes was severer, sensitivity was lower. It is here supposed that the damage itself might put individuals with statin-induced myotoxic symptoms at greater risks of presenting with rhabdomyolysis during surgery or while under anesthesia.

延伸因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2功能研究进展

延伸因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2(elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing protein,EFTUD2)是剪接体复合物U5小核糖核蛋白的核心组件,通过调节剪接体的剪接功能进而调控相关基因的表达。本文旨在总结EFTUD2在免疫调节、胚胎发育和肿瘤进展等方面的重要作用。

New Photometric Investigations of G-type Contact Binary TU Boo

Two sets of CCD photometric observations for contact binary TU Boo were obtained in 2020 and 2021.Different from its asymmetric light curves published from the literature,our BVRcIc-band curves show that the heights of maximum are almost equal.These distortions of light curves possibly indicate that the components were active in past 25 yr,but they were stable in the last two years.For total-eclipse binary TU Boo,due to some star-spots on the surface of the components,the physical structure obtained by many investigators are different.Therefore,the symmetric multi-color light curves in 2020,2021 are important for understanding configuration and evolution of this system.By using the Wilson–Devinney program,it is confirmed that TU Boo is an A-type shallow-contact binary with the temperature difference ofΔT=152 K and fill-out of f=14.67%.In the O−C diagram of orbital period analysis,a cyclic oscillation superimposed on a continuous decrease was determined.The long-term decreasing is often explained by the mass transfer from the more massive star to less massive one,this system will evolve into a deeper contact binary with time.The cyclic oscillations computed from much more CCD times of light minimum maybe result from the light-travel time effect via the presence of a third body.These characters of structure,evolution and ternary belong to typical A-type W UMa binaries with spectral G.