Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic ...Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan,sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site,Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers,at Qinhuangtai site,Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi,Linzi City. In Rizhao city,parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and AutumnWarring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces,which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis.展开更多
The transcription of the Suanshu Shu算數書(a bamboo book of mathematics)in simplified Chinese characters offers a new opportunity to explore the history of Chinese mathematics in ancient times.This paper analyzes the ...The transcription of the Suanshu Shu算數書(a bamboo book of mathematics)in simplified Chinese characters offers a new opportunity to explore the history of Chinese mathematics in ancient times.This paper analyzes the style and structure of the Suanshu Shu and makes comparisons with the Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures and a number of other texts in various social contexts.It will be shown that the Suanshu Shu was compiled from at least two sources,and that no direct textual interplay exists between the Suanshu Shu and the Nine Chapters,although both share the same origins in the Pre-Qin period when the major mathematical methods in the Nine Chapters came into being.It will also be shown that the Suanshu Shu was accomplished with the methods used in certain mathematical books in the Pre-Qin period or their results,which later led to the Nine Chapters,and by accommodating the actual conditions of the lower government administration.The Suanshu Shu is significant for establishing the evolution of algorithmic mathematics from the Warring States period to the Han dynasty.展开更多
The upright and outspoken ethos of the well\|known elites under the disaster of Party Sanction was usually regarded as the representative of East Han’s common practice. In fact, East Han ’s general mood of elites ha...The upright and outspoken ethos of the well\|known elites under the disaster of Party Sanction was usually regarded as the representative of East Han’s common practice. In fact, East Han ’s general mood of elites had got several alternations. The occurrence of its change was based on deep social and political background. In later period of the dynasty, while the quantity of Confucian scholars increased sharply, the influence of eunuch class inflate as well so that the fight for political resources between these two paties became more fierce. The conflict enhanced the self\|consciousness of the elites and changed their ethos to upright and outspoken fashion from an attitude to shirk principled struggle so as to protect one’s interest and safety . As the result of the conflict, the Party Sanction incident occurred. The horrible disaster of the Party Sanction made the elites ethos changed, the upright and outspoken fashion disappeared. Most of the elites chose the attitude to evade politic so as to protect their lives first, or in a tactful way to continue their struggle.展开更多
基金supported by the Anhui Public Welfare Geological Project(No.2015-g-25)the Special Research Project of CEA(No.TYZ20160101)
文摘Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan,sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site,Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers,at Qinhuangtai site,Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi,Linzi City. In Rizhao city,parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and AutumnWarring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces,which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis.
基金Prof.Guo Shuchun and Prof.Chen Meidong陈美东assisted with the completion of the Chinese version of this paper.In addition,Prof.Joseph W.Dauben has guided its revision in English.John Moffett copyedited the English translation.The author would like to express his heartfelt appreciation to all of them.
文摘The transcription of the Suanshu Shu算數書(a bamboo book of mathematics)in simplified Chinese characters offers a new opportunity to explore the history of Chinese mathematics in ancient times.This paper analyzes the style and structure of the Suanshu Shu and makes comparisons with the Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures and a number of other texts in various social contexts.It will be shown that the Suanshu Shu was compiled from at least two sources,and that no direct textual interplay exists between the Suanshu Shu and the Nine Chapters,although both share the same origins in the Pre-Qin period when the major mathematical methods in the Nine Chapters came into being.It will also be shown that the Suanshu Shu was accomplished with the methods used in certain mathematical books in the Pre-Qin period or their results,which later led to the Nine Chapters,and by accommodating the actual conditions of the lower government administration.The Suanshu Shu is significant for establishing the evolution of algorithmic mathematics from the Warring States period to the Han dynasty.
文摘The upright and outspoken ethos of the well\|known elites under the disaster of Party Sanction was usually regarded as the representative of East Han’s common practice. In fact, East Han ’s general mood of elites had got several alternations. The occurrence of its change was based on deep social and political background. In later period of the dynasty, while the quantity of Confucian scholars increased sharply, the influence of eunuch class inflate as well so that the fight for political resources between these two paties became more fierce. The conflict enhanced the self\|consciousness of the elites and changed their ethos to upright and outspoken fashion from an attitude to shirk principled struggle so as to protect one’s interest and safety . As the result of the conflict, the Party Sanction incident occurred. The horrible disaster of the Party Sanction made the elites ethos changed, the upright and outspoken fashion disappeared. Most of the elites chose the attitude to evade politic so as to protect their lives first, or in a tactful way to continue their struggle.
