Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Uygur and Han Chinese adults in Urumqi

AIM:To investigate the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and its related risk factors in Uygur and Han Chinese adult in Urumqi,China.METHODS:A population-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in a total of 972 Uygur(684 male and 288 female) aged from 24 to 61 and 1023 Han Chinese(752 male and 271 female) aged from 23 to 63 years.All participants were recruited from the residents who visited hospital for health examination from November 2011 to May 2012.Each participant signed an informed consent and completed a GERD questionnaire(GerdQ) and a lifestyle-food frequency questionnaire survey.Participants whose Gerd Q score was ≥ 8 and met one of the following requirements would be enrolled into this research:(1) being diagnosed with erosive esophagitis(EE) or Barrett's esophagus(BE) by endoscopy;(2) negative manifestation under endoscopy(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD) with abnormal acid reflux revealed by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring;and(3) suffering from typical heartburn and regurgitation with positive result of proton pump inhibitor test.RESULTS:According to Gerd Q scoring criteria,340 cases of Uygur and 286 cases of Han Chinese were defined as GERD.GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese(35% vs 28%,χ2 = 11.09,P < 0.005),Gerd Q score in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese(7.85 ± 3.1 vs 7.15 ± 2.9,P < 0.005),and Gerd Q total score in Uygur male was higher than in female(8.15 ± 2.8 vs 6.85 ± 2.5,P < 0.005).According to normalized methods,304(31%) cases of Uygur were diagnosed with GERD,including 89 cases of EE,185 cases of NERD and 30 cases of BE;256(25%) cases of Han Chinese were diagnosed with GERD,including 90 cases of EE,140 cases of NERD and 26 cases of BE.GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese(31% vs 25%,χ2 = 9.34,P < 0.005) while the incidences were higher in males of both groups than in females(26% vs 5% in Uygur,χ2 = 35.95,P < 0.005,and 19.8% vs 5.2% in Han,χ2 = 5.48,P < 0.025).GERD incidence in Uygur male was higher than in Han Chinese male(26% vs 19.8%,χ2 = 16.51,P < 0.005),and incidence of NERD in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese(χ2 = 10.06,P < 0.005).Occupation(r = 0.623),gender(r = 0.839),smoking(r = 0.322),strong tea(r = 0.658),alcohol drinking(r = 0.696),meat-based diet(mainly meat)(r = 0.676) and body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.567) were linearly correlated with GERD in Uygur(r = 0.833,P = 0.000);while gender(r = 0.957),age(r = 0.016),occupation(r = 0.482),strong tea(r = 1.124),alcohol drinking(r = 0.558),meat diet(r = 0.591) and BMI(r = 0.246) were linearly correlated with GERD in Han Chinese(r = 0.786,P = 0.01).There was no significant difference between Gerd Q scoring and three normalized methods for the diagnosis of GERD.CONCLUSION:GERD is highly prevalent in adult in Urumqi,especially in Uygur.Male,civil servant,smoking,strong tea,alcohol drinking,meat diet and BMI are risk factors correlated to GERD.

Relationship between the -455G/A and -148C/T polymorphisms in the beta-fibrinogen gene and cerebral infarction in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han Chinese populations

We sought to investigate the correlation between the -455G/A and -148C/T polymorphisms of the β-fibrinogen gene and plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with cerebral infarction and in healthy subjects among the Xinjiang Uygur and Han Chinese populations, by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme digestion analysis. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of the -455G/A genotype and allele frequency between the Uygurs and the Han. Plasma fibrinogen levels in cerebral infarction patients among the Uygurs and the Han were higher than those among healthy subjects. In particular, the frequencies of the -455G/A AA and -148C/T TT genotypes were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Individuals carrying the A or T allele had a higher incidence of cerebral infarction compared with those carrying the G or C allele. Our experimental findings indicate that the -148C/T and -455G/A polymorphisms are associated with cerebral infarction in Xinjiang Uygur and Han Chinese subjects. The susceptibility- conferring alleles are -148T and -455A, and the susceptibility-conferring genotype is -455G/A ＋ AA.

Prognostic analysis and comparison of colon cancer in Han and Hui patients

AIM: To investigate the relevant prognostic factors and their differences between colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of Chinese Han and Hui ethnicities in the Beijing region.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Han and Hui Ethnicity

Nenropsychiatric symptoms are common in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)and they are likely to outweigh the motor symptoms and become a major factor affecting the quality of life of PD patients.However,the studies focusing on the non-motor symptoms in Chinese PD patients from different ethnicity are scarce.The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in Chinese PD patients from Han and Hui populations from central China.Seventy-two Han Chinese PD patients(Han PD group)and 71 age-and sex-matched Hui Chinese PD patients(Hui PD group)were enrolled from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between Sept.2011 and Aug.2014 in the study.The neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment were assessed using Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI)and Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).We found that the proportion of depression,anxiety,apathy,irritability,euphoria and night time behavior disturbances were higher in the Han PD group than in the Hui PD group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).But the proportion of delusion,hallucination,agitation,disinhibition,aberrant motor behavior and change in appetite were not significantly different between the Han PD group and the Hui PD group(P>0.05).The total mean scores of the MMSE from patients in the Han PD group were similar to those in the Hui PD group(P>0.05).However,the subscale scores of recall domain and language domain in the Han PD group were significantly different from those in the Hui PD group(P<0.05).No significant difference was noted in the orientation,memory and calculation domains between the two PD groups(P>0.05).This study first showed the recall domain and language domain were different between the Han PD patients and the Hui PD patients.Depression,anxiety,apathy,irritability,euphoria and night time behavior disturbances were less presented in the Hui PD patients.All these differences may be related to the different ethnicity,which would be helpful for clinical physicians to recognize the different non-motor symptoms in Chinese PD patients with different ethnicity.

Uygur and Han Students Unite against Mobs

When Han rioters came crashing through the gates of the Xinjiang Medical University （XMU） in the region＇s capital, students and teachers from the same ethnic group formed a wall to protect their Uygur fellows from the mob.

Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in Uygur and Han populations from the Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang, China

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV) is the infectious etiologic agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma(KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. It has been shown that high KSHV prevalence and high incidence of both classic KS and AIDSassociated KS are found mostly among people of Uygur ethnicity in Xinjiang, while people of Han ethnicity in Xinjiang have a higher KSHV seroprevalence than those of other Han populations in China's Mainland. However, it is still unclear why there is such geographical and population variation in KSHV distribution in China. In this work, we focused on the populations in the Kashgar region and Urumqi area, where a total of 1294 research subjects were randomly selected to investigate the potential correlation between KSHV prevalence and different ethnicities in endemic areas of Xinjiang, and to determine risk factors that may affect KSHV infection rates or KS incidence. We identified a high seroprevalence of KSHV and high peripheral blood DNA infection in the general Uygur and Han populations in both Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang, and determined that advancing age, low education level, and stationary population status affect KSHV infection rates. Further, KSHV-positive Uygur participants were shown to have higher prevalence of neutralizing antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers than KSHV-positive Han participants.

吕诲与濮议之争

濮议之争是发生在北宋英宗时期的一个重要的政治事件。从表面上看这只是对于英宗生父濮安懿王赵允让尊号问题的争论,而实际上这个事件对北宋的政治等方面产生了深远的影响。对于在位时间仅四年的英宗来说,这场濮议之争耗费了其大量的时间和精力。而吕诲在濮议之争中的言行,亦对这场争论的变化起着一定的作用。从吕诲的角度入手,探讨其在濮议之争中的作为和影响,有助于揭示濮议之争背后更深层面的问题。

10—14世纪丝绸之路上的佛教思想与汉文化认同——以高昌回鹘佛教文献为中心的考察

10—14世纪高昌回鹘国的佛教思想以中原大乘佛教思想文化为主体,体现在对心性论思想的重视、对净土信仰的推崇、“三教合一”和佛教世俗化、简易化思潮的流行等方面。高昌回鹘的佛教文化在整体上是宋元中国佛教文化及汉文化的重要组成部分,高昌回鹘对中原佛教文化的认同极大推进了其与中原地区的民族和文化认同,以及多元一体中华文化的进一步发展。同时,高昌回鹘佛教思想及其文化认同也是10—14世纪丝绸之路佛教文化的重要特征。

《于陵子》版本源流考

《于陵子》托名战国时期齐国隐士陈仲子所撰,虽出自后人伪撰,但书中保存了陈仲子的诸多资料,对其文献价值应给予关注。《于陵子》现存最早版本为明《秘册汇函》本,乃《于陵子》后世各版本之祖本。文章对《秘册汇函》本及后世诸本进行梳理、考证,以明晰《于陵子》版本源流。

回汉民族交往交流交融的互嵌格局和三重进路——基于晋南北关村调查

散杂居民族关系,一直是学界经久不衰的话题。铸牢中华民族共同体背景下,继续探讨族际关系是实现社会稳定的基本保障。晋南北关是管窥回、汉民族交往交流交融的典型样本,是中华民族多元一体格局的微观叙事表达。基于北关村的田野调查,回、汉民族在居住格局、经济交往、文化交融、社会交流、心理认同等方面,表现出高度的融合性。北关回、汉民族交往交流交融的路径主要在于打造族际经济活动交往物质基础、构建民族交流的物理精神场域、深化民族交融促进中华民族共同体由自在走向自觉。新时代党的民族工作以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线,要以加强各民族交往交流交融为着力点,对此,北关回、汉民族交往交流交融的地方经验对于铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要现实价值。

中国西北地区汉、回、维、藏民族HLA-DRB基因多态性的研究

按照第11届国际组织相容性抗原研讨会（11IHW）I作会议HLAⅡ类PCR-SSO分型标准和美国国立骨髓供者计划组织（NMD）对HLADRB位点等位基因分型要求，设计合成1对引物，扩增HLADRBDNA片段，长度为256bp，设计合成不同片段大小探针27种，可检出DRB座位上DRB1的39种等位基因，DRB3的3种等位基因，DRB4的1种等位基因和DRB5的3种等位基因。对西安地区汉（183份）、宁夏回（169份）、新疆维（2O0份）及西藏藏（188份）民族DRB的46种等位基因进行多态性分析，建立了4个民族正常群体DRB基因的遗传学参数，分析了他们在等位基因分布上的差异，结果表明：回族与北方汉族HLA遗传分布上没有较大差异，DRB1·02（16.9％）、·07（13．1％）和·09（12．0％）为高频基因：藏族检出等位基因数较前两者多，但没有显著的高频基因；维族等位基因分布整体接近高加索人种，但DRB1·07（23．8％）基因频率异常显著，暗示民族有遗传选择。

我国西北地区49例Hb G Coushatta的分布——东北亚古代游牧民族的遗传标志

本文报道49例Hb G Coushatta在我国西北部的分布情况。新疆和甘肃的发生率为0.57‰和0.43‰,高于陕西的发生率0.07‰。维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜和回族的发生率为0.66‰—1.74‰,高于汉族的发生率0.45‰。Hb G Coushatta基因流呈由北向南和向西漂移和特点,结合国内外有关资料进行分析,这种变异体起源于东北亚地区,为古代游牧民族的遗传标志。

新疆血脂异常患者ABCB1 C3435T与ABCB1 T2677G基因多态性分析

目的分析ATP结合盒转运蛋白B1(ABCB1)C3435T与T2677G位点基因型和等位基因在新疆维吾尔族、汉族及回族血脂异常患者中的分布特征。方法采用荧光染色原位杂交方法检测311例维吾尔族、409例汉族及53例回族血脂异常患者的ABCB1 C3435T与ABCB1 T2677G基因多态性,分析不同民族间基因型频率和等位基因频率是否存在差异性。结果维吾尔族与汉族血脂异常患者ABCB1 C3435T基因型频率及等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),维吾尔族与回族血脂异常患者ABCB1 C3435T等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);维吾尔族与汉族血脂异常患者ABCB1 T2677G基因型频差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新疆不同民族血脂异常患者ABCB1基因多态性分布具有差异性。在研究ABCB1与他汀类药物疗效相关的机制时,民族差异是不容忽视的重要因素。

我国大陆主要少数民族HLA多态性聚类分析和频率分布对中华民族起源的启示

本文是1991年11月6—13日横滨第11届国际组织相容性会议(IHWC)协作科研中我国主要少数民族(苗族、布依族、蒙古族、满族、回族、藏族、维吾尔族)和南北汉族样本HLAⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类抗原多态性分析的联合报告。聚类分析表明,苗、布依与南方汉族聚类,蒙、满、回、藏与北方汉族集群,提示中华民族包含南北两大群体。维吾尔族非常疏远地共聚于高加索人种。高加索人种起源的HLA抗原基因频率(A3、B8等)由西向东又由北向南递减。东南亚蒙古人种起源的HLA抗原基因频率(B46等)由南向北递减。HLA抗原基因频率的这种梯度分布反映我们祖先自远古史前时期以来的不断迁移和相互融合的过程。本文讨论了中华民族包含南北两大群体这一事实对于中华民族起源的启示。

宁夏回族和汉族群体指长比的研究

目的研究宁夏回、汉族群体指长比,比较分析宁夏两种不同民族、不同性别群体左右手及不同民族指长比均值的分布特点。方法采用体质测量法,研究宁夏回族412例(男:219例,女:193例)、汉族439例(男:241例,女:198例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D)。结果指长比均值呈现2D:3D<2D:4D<3D:4D<2D:5D<4D:5D<3D:5D的趋势;同一民族左右手指长比均数女性高于男性,且2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D有显著性差异(P<0.05);同一性别不同民族左右手指长比无显著性差异。结论指长比在性别间存在差异,2D:4D具有明显的性别差异。

应用PCR-SSOP技术研究中国汉族、维吾尔族HLA-A基因座基因多态性(英文)

人类白细胞抗原 (HumanLeukocyteAntigen ,HLA)基因复合物位于 6p2 1.3,有 2 2 0多个不同的功能基因 ,是人类基因组最复杂的遗传多态系统。HLA等位基因的变异在医学、法医学、人类学等领域具有重要的意义。自从 196 4年以来 ,HLA分型一直采用经典的微量淋巴细胞毒实验 ,但该方法是血清学水平的分型 ,不能识别很多特异性的等位基因 ,而且高质量的抗体也不易获得。从 2 0世纪 90年代起 ,在国家自然科学基金的资助下 ,首先开展HLAⅡ类位点基因分型研究及大规模群体多态性调查 ,所获得的中国主要民族基因数据已应用于多个领域。相比之下 ,HLAⅠ类基因数量更丰富 ,包含了A、B、C、E、F、G和假基因H、J、K、L等 10个位点 ;基因分子结构更复杂 ,更具多态性。因此 ,HLAⅠ类DNA分型比HLAⅡ类分型有许多困难。直至目前中国人群HLA A基因座基因多态性和分布频率的研究尚未充分进行。而任何DNA标记用于遗传分析、法医鉴定等领域之前 ,必须先进行群体调查 ,建立不同民族基因数据库 ,这是不可逾越的基础工作。鉴于此 ,采用灵敏而非同位素污染的PCR SSOP基因分型技术 ,对 16 5个汉族和 16 2个维吾尔族个体的HLA A基因座多态性进行调查。结果在汉族群体中发现 2 2种等位基因 ,频率最高的是HLA A 110 1(19.7% ) 。

早期宫颈癌患者预后影响因素研究

目的探讨维吾尔族(维族)和汉族早期宫颈癌患者的临床病理特点、预后及其影响因素。方法纳入在新疆医科大学第一附属医院2005年1月—2009年12月收治的138例早期宫颈癌患者,并随访5年后以死亡为结局,回顾性分析影响预后的因素。结果 138例宫颈癌患者的5年生存率为78.2%,其中汉族和维族患者5年生存率分别为85%和73%,产次<3次与产次≥3次患者5年生存率分别为8.1%和59.5%。维族和汉族宫颈癌患者在产次(χ2=21.953,P=0.000)、病理类型(2χ=5.353,P=0.021)、临床分期(u=1512,P=0.000)间差异有统计学意义。单因素分析显示不同的产次、病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小(国际妇产科联盟分期)和治疗方式对5年生存率的影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示产次、病理类型、临床分期、治疗方式对5年生存率的影响有统计学意义(P值分别为0.004、0.000、0.000和0.018)。结论维族腺癌发病率低于汉族,且肿瘤分期相对较早。产次、病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小和治疗方式是维汉早期宫颈癌预后的影响因素,其中产次、病理类型、临床分期、治疗方式为重要的预后影响因素。维汉早期宫颈癌患者产次≥3次、临床分期越晚以及术后单纯放疗生存率低、预后差。

汉族和维吾尔族居民血尿酸及高尿酸血症分析

目的了解新疆乌鲁木齐市汉族和维吾尔族健康体检人群高尿酸血症发病水平。方法采用现况研究方法，调查乌鲁木齐市20～80岁汉族和维吾尔族健康体检者5560名，采用尿酸酶法检测血尿酸水平，比较不同人群高尿酸血症检出率。结果汉族人群血尿酸值平均为（344．23±103．22）μmol／L，其中男性、女性分别为（393．08±86．97），（259．83±68．89）μmol／L；维吾尔族人群平均为（310．23±106．85）μmol／L，其中男性、女性分别为（364．09±99．52），（246．42±75．44）μmol／L。汉族高于维族，男性高于女性，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高尿酸血症检出率汉族人群27．3％（男性37．7％，女性9．5％），维吾尔族人群为17．58％（男性27．4％，女性5．7％）。汉族男女性平均患病年龄分别为38．26和42．94岁，维吾尔族男女性平均患病年龄分别为46．42和51．83岁。结论乌鲁木齐市汉族人群血尿酸值和高尿酸血症患病检出率均高于维吾尔族，也高于国内其他地区调查结果；汉族男女的发病年龄均低于维吾尔族。

宁夏回族、汉族皮纹学研究——Ⅰ指纹

目的报道指纹各参数在宁夏回族、汉族群体中的分布特点。方法采用随机整体抽样方法分析宁夏回族、汉族指纹样本共计614份,回族262人(男性129人,女性133人),汉族352人(男性206人,女性146人)。结果两民族间尺侧箕型纹和桡侧箕型纹存在显著性差异;同名指各组合频率按由高到低排序均为W/W>L/L>L/W>A/L>A/A>A/W;男性汉族TFRC为137.34±2.0l,女性123.60±1.75;男性回族为137.36±2.25,女性120.58±1.91。结论1.两民族TFRC不存在明显民族间差异,但有显著性别差异;2.两民族间一手五指指端花样类型的递减频率次序除U存在差异外,其他3项无显著性差异;3.A/W具有不相容性;4.不同地区回族群体指纹参数差异显著;5.弓形纹的分布具有明显种族差异。