Development of a Low-cost Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System as a Test Bench for Anti-lock Braking System

Nowadays validation of anti-lock braking systems（ABS） relies mainly on a large amount of road tests.An alternative means with higher efficiency is employing the hardware-in-the-loop simulation（HILS） system to substitute part of road tests for designing,testing,and tuning electronic control units（ECUs） of ABS.Most HILS systems for ABS use expensive digital signal processor hardware and special purpose software,and some fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speeds cannot be evaluated since artificial wheel speed signals are usually provided.In this paper,a low-cost ABS HILS test bench is developed and used for validating the anti-lock braking performance and tuning control parameters of ABS controllers.Another important merit of the proposed test bench is that it can comprehensively evaluate the fail-safe functions with regard to wheel speed signals since real tone rings and sensors are integrated in the bench.A 5-DOF vehicle model with consideration of longitudinal load transfer is used to calculate tire forces,wheel speeds and vehicle speed.Each of the four real-time wheel speed signal generators consists of a servo motor plus a ring gear,which has sufficient dynamic response ability to emulate the rapid changes of the wheel speeds under strict braking conditions of very slippery roads.The simulation of braking tests under different road adhesion coefficients using the HILS test bench is run,and results show that it can evaluate the anti-lock braking performance of ABS and partly the fail-safe functions.This HILS system can also be used in such applications as durability test,benchmarking and comparison between different ECUs.The test bench developed not only has a relatively low cost,but also can be used to validate the wheel speed-related ECU design and all its fail-safe functions,and a rapid testing and proving platform with a high efficiency for research and development of the automotive ABS is therefore provided.

Realization of nonlinear PID with feed-forward controller for 3-DOF flight simulator and hardware-in-the-loop simulation

As friction, intrinsic steady-state nonlinearity poses a challenging dilemma to the control system of 3-DOF （three degree of freedom） flight simulator, a novel hybrid control strategy of nonlinear PID （proportionalintegral-derivative） with additional FFC （feed-forward controller） is proposed, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation results are also given. Based on the description of 3-DOF flight simulator, a novel nonlinear PID theory is well introduced. Then a nonlinear PID controller with additional FFC is designed. Subsequently, the loop structure of 3-DOF flight simulator is also designed. Finally, a series of hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiments are undertaken to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear PID controller with additional FFC for 3-DOF flight simulator.

Studyon hardware-in-the-loopsimulation of beer fermentation system

Beer fermentation process is a complex biochemical reaction process.It is the most important to control temperature of the wort in fermentation tank in accordance with the beer fermentation temperature curve so as to ensure the completion of fermentation.The controlled object is characterized by large inertia,long time delay and mutual coupling of three temperature areas.Based on this,a temperature control method for beer fermentation system is designed.Using digital incremental proportion integration differentiation （PID） control algorithm,the controlled quantity is transmitted to the controlled object after diagonal matrix decoupling.This simulation system can be completed in laboratory using VB and Kingview software,so it has the features of good security and low cost.It is very suitable for experimental teaching.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation System for Space Manipulator Docking: Model,Stability and Experimental Evaluation

A manipulator-type docking hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulation system is proposed in this paper,with further development of the space docking technology and corresponding requirements of the engineering project.First,the structure of the manipulator-type HIL simulation system is explained.The mass and the flexibility of the manipulator has an important influence on the stability of the HIL system,which is the premise of accurately simulating actual space docking.Thus,the docking HIL simulation models of rigid,flexible and flexible-light space manipulators are established.The characteristics of the three HIL systems are studied from three important aspects:the system parameter configuration relation,the system stability condition and the dynamics frequency simulation ability.The key conclusions obtained were that the system satisfies stability or reproduction accuracy.Meanwhile,the influence of different manipulators on the system stability is further analyzed.The accuracy of the calculated results is verified experimentally.

SPACECRAFT DOCKING SIMULATION USING HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATOR WITH STEWART PLATFORM

A ground-based hardware-in-the-loop （HIL） simulation system with hydraulically driven Stewart platform for spacecraft docking simulation is presented. The system is used for simulating docking process of the on-orbit spacecraft. Principle and structure of the six-degree-of-freedom simulation system are introduced. The docking process dynamic of the vehicles is modeled. Experiment results and mathematical simulation data are compared to validating the simulation system. The comparisons of the results prove that the simulation system proposed can effectively simulate the on-orbit docking process of the spacecraft.

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of communication networks

To enhance the fidelity and accuracy of the simulation of communication networks,hardware-in-the-loop（HITL） simulation was employed.HITL simulation methods was classified into three categories,of which the merits and shortages were compared.Combing system-in-the-loop（SITL） simulation principle with high level architecture（HLA）,an HITL simulation model of asynchronous transfer mode（ATM） network was constructed.The throughput and end-to-end delay of all-digital simulation and HITL simulation was analyzed,which showed that HITL simulation was more reliable and effectively improved the simulation credibility of communication network.Meanwhile,HLA-SITL method was fast and easy to achieve and low-cost during design lifecycle.Thus,it was a feasible way to research and analyze the large-scale network.

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Vibration Control of Stay Cables with Damper Based on dSPACE System

A simple and economical method based on dSPACE system is developed to measure the effect of cable vibration control.The experiments,numerical simulation and hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)simulation are carried out for the vibration control of stay cables with dampers.Firstly,the test results of solid cable vibration under harmonic excitation are compared with the numerical simulation results of cable vibration to ensure the correctness of the simulation of cable module.Then,the vibration test results of solid cable with damper under harmonic excitation are compared with the numerical simulation results of solid cable with damper to ensure the correctness of the relevant modules.Finally,the external load and the cable are imported into the real-time simulation system to simulate the control effect of the damper under the current excitation in real time.The results show that the simulation is correct and the HIL simulation is feasible in the bridge engineering.

New Solution on Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Radar System Simulation on HLA

In the large-scale distributed hardware-in-the-loop radar simulation system based on HLA, a new solution of processing after acquisition is proposed, which separates the software subsystem from the hardware jammer subsystem by a response database, so as to settle the problem, that the software subsystem can not meet the real-time need of the hardware, with very little increment of code. And the data completeness and feasibility of this solution are discussed.

Control strategies and hardware-in-the-loop simulation for bus signal priority

It is considered as an important and effective means to give priority to the development of public transit which can improve the efficiency of transportation resources utilization and alleviate traffic jams. Public transit signal priority belongs to the "time priority" among the right-of-way priorities. After reviewing the existing bus priority signal control strategies and the advances in related technologies at home and abroad, this article analyzed the breakthrough direction of the bus signal priority design technologies suitable for China's conditions, and then proposed the hardware and software systems and the modules for the bus priority signal control system. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) was introduced to evaluate bus priority signal control programs in order to optimize the control strategies.

重卡AMT控制系统HIL仿真设计与应用研究

文章首先介绍AMT控制系统的基本原理,然后基于dSPACE实时仿真系统搭建AMT控制系统输入输出对象模型以及整车动力学模型,应用仿真的环境模拟驾驶员的各种驾驶工况,对AMT控制软件进行全面的测试验证,有效地缩短开发周期,降低开发成本,提高软件成熟度。

HIL Simulation of a Mixed Islanded Power Network with External DSP Regulator

The present paper deals with the development of a modular, flexible and structured block to block approach for the study of regulators by implementing the different blocks on a DSP （digital signal processor）. The proposed low-cost approach has been applied and validated by the implementation of an industrial regulator in a real time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a mixed islanded power network including precise models of the hydraulic system. The studied network is constituted of three different types of electrical power generation systems and a consumer.

基于车载以太网的HIL实时仿真测试平台的研究及应用

利用以太网配置工具生成同时支持CAN/CANFD通信和SOME/IP通信的Simulink模型服务接口,采用MATLAB软件创建HIL仿真模型,应用Python语言开发支持车载以太网DoIP诊断的上位机,并基于Dspace实时仿真平台搭建HIL实时仿真测试平台。结果表明:该平台可以模拟基本驾驶操作测试,同时支持CAN/CANFD通信和SOME/IP通信测试,并可以对车载以太网报文进行E2E校验;利用诊断上位机可以进行CAN/CANFD通信和DoIP通信的UDS诊断操作。

发动机HILS系统中曲轴转速与凸轮相位信号模拟

为了实现发动机HILS系统中曲轴转速信号与凸轮轴相位信号的精确模拟与同步,在了解这2种传感器工作原理的基础上,针对某四缸多点电控燃油喷射汽油机进行标定实验,测得曲轴与凸轮轴传感器信号随转速的变化规律及相互间的同步关系.在基于xPC Target的双机系统开发环境中,利用Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow等工具建立这2种信号的模拟及同步模型,针对不同转速下发动机台架测试数据和模型平台仿真结果进行对比实验验证.结果表明,该模型设计方法简单,信号模拟精度高,信号同步关系精确,具有很强的通用性,可以很好地满足发动机ECU HILS系统开发平台的需求.

Hardware in Loop Simulation for Emergency Communication Mobile Ad Hoc Network

For the research of mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) is introduced to improve simulation fidelity. The architectures and frameworks of HILS system are discussed. Based on HILS and QualNet network simulator, two kinds of simulation frameworks for MANET multicast emergency communication network are proposed. By running simulation under this configuration and doing experiments with on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP), unicast and multicast functions of this protocol are tested. Research results indicate that HILS method can effectively reduce the difficulty of system modeling and improve precision of simulation, and can further accelerate transition from design to system deployment.

Design of an Integrated SITL and HITL Simulation System for the Control of a Loitering Aerial Vehicle

An investigation into the aircraft flight simulation and control system is presented in this paper. The study was firstly focused on the establishment of an integrated hardware-in-the-loop（HITL） platform for aircraft flight simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink ＋ dSPACE. The platform combines the abundant software and hardware resources of dSPACE simulation platform to simulate the flight attitude of an aircraft in six-DOF （ degree of freedom） motion. Based on the platform, the study was then focused on the flight numerical simulation by taking a loitering aerial vehicle as an example. An aircraft mathematical model was created for a modular design and off-line numerical simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the study was focused on the control system design of the loitering aerial vehicle and conduct of an HITL simulation experiment for the vehicle pitch control. The experiment verifies the system design and control effectiveness. Research results show that the dSPACE simulation system provides a real time good experimental platform to improve the efficiency of study and development of a flight control system.

FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converter HVDC Systems

AC-HVDC-AC energy conversion systems using MMC （modular multilevel converters） are becoming popular to integrate distributed energy systems to the main grid. Such multilevel converters pose a serious problems for HIL （hardware in the loop） simulators required for control, protection design and testing due to the large number of cells that must be simulated individually using very small time steps. This paper demonstrates the advantages of using a very small time step to simulate a MMC topology. The MMC is implemented on FPGA （fiel-programmable gate array） to simulate fast transient with a time step of 250 ns. The AC network and HVDC bus is simulated on the PC, with a slower time step of 10 μs to 20 μs. The simulator architecture and the components simulated on the FPGA and on the PC will be discussed, as well as the method allowing the interconnection of this slow and fast system.

FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation of Renewable Energy Source Power Converters

Developing the control of modem power converters is a very expensive and time-consuming task. Time to market can take unacceptable long. FPGA-based real-time simulation of a power stage with analog measured signals can reduce significantly the cost and time of testing a product. This new approach is known as HIL （hardware-in-the-loop） testing. A general power converter consists of two main parts： a power level （main circuit） and a digital controller unit, which is usually realized by using some kind of DSP. Testing the controller HW and SW is quite problematic： live tests with a completely assembled converter can be dangerous and expensive. A low-power model of the main circuit can be built under laboratory conditions, but it will have parameters （e.g. time constants and relative losses） differing from the ones of the original system. The solution is the HIL simulation of the main circuit. With this method the simulator can be completely transparent for the controller unit, unlike other computer based simulation methods The subject of this paper is to develop such a real-time simulator using FPGA. The modeled circuit is a three-phase inverter, which is widely used in power converters of renewable energy sources.

基于Simulink与veDYNA联合仿真平台的AMT硬件在环试验研究

开发了包括测试系统硬件、AMT车辆实时仿真模型和试验管理软件的AMT硬件在环测试平台,构建了基于Simulink与veDYNA联合仿真平台的AMT人车路闭环系统实时仿真模型,进行AMT控制系统换挡性能硬件在环测试,并与AMT样车试验结果进行定性与定量对比分析。结果表明,硬件在环仿真试验结果与样车测试结果基本一致,具有较好的换挡品质,验证了所开发的硬件在环测试平台的可信性与准确性。

无人机飞行控制原型实验设计与实践

针对航空航天类专业课程理论教学与课程实践相结合的需要,对无人机飞行控制系统半实物仿真实验技术进行了研究,设计了无人机半实物仿真实验平台。该实验平台将三轴转台、姿态传感器等作为实物部分,基于Simbox仿真计算机建立无人机飞行控制模型,通过仿真框架软件设计、半实物仿真硬件设备搭建实现无人机姿态控制。该实验平台可应用于无人机飞行控制及科学研究等领域,具有良好的实用价值。

基于Simulink和RTX的导弹半实物仿真技术研究

针对导弹半实物仿真中的快速模型构建与实时仿真问题,给出了综合运用Simulink和RTX的解决方法。利用Simulink图形化建模环境构建导弹模型并进行数学仿真验证,通过Coder工具生成模型的C/C++代码,嵌入RTX环境下的RTSS实时进程,进行半实物仿真。应用结果表明,该方法可以实现导弹模型的快速开发和实时运行,满足半实物仿真实时性需求;同时还实现了数学仿真和半实物仿真的无缝对接,通过数学仿真预测半实物仿真试验结果,可以进一步优化试验方案,提高仿真试验效率。