Objective: To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipop...Objective: To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipoprotein E gene knockout(ApoE^(-/-)) mice. Methods: Thirty-six ApoE^(-/-) mice were fed with a high-fat diet starting at the age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table including model group, hawthorn extract group, and simvastatin group, 12 mice in each group. Twelve 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a basic diet and served as control. The mice in the control and model groups were administered 0.2 mL saline daily, the mice in the hawthorn extract and simvastatin groups were administered with 50 mg/kg hawthorn extract or 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, plasma lipids including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined by an enzymatic assay. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were observed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), adiponectin(APN), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Protein and mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the aorta were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qR T-PCR), respectively. Results: Compared to the control group, the plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased and HDL-C were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract significantly decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the plasma level of HDL-C in ApoE^(-/-)mice(P<0.01). The levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, and hs-CRP in the model group were significantly increased and APN was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract decreased the levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, and hs-CRP and increased the APN level(P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the protein and mR NA expression of Bax in the model group were significantly increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Hawthorn extract also reduced the protein and mR NA expression of Bax and increased the Bcl-2 expression in the aorta(P<0.01). Conclusion: Hawthorn extract has anti-atherosclerosis and stabilizing unstable plaque effects. The mechanism may be related to the inflammation and apoptosis signaling pathways.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from hawthorn fruit. [ Method] By single-factor and orthogonal experi- ments, effects of different technological conditions on extraction ...[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from hawthorn fruit. [ Method] By single-factor and orthogonal experi- ments, effects of different technological conditions on extraction efficiency of flavonoids from hawthorn fruit were analyzed to investigate the optimal extraction process and relevant parameters. [ Result] Percolation extraction was the most appropriate method for extracting flavonoids from hawthorn fruit. The optimal techno- logical conditions were ： 50% ethanol as the solvent, solid-liquid ratio 1 ： 8 （ g/ml）, soaking time 72 h, moderate flow rate （3 ml/min）. [ Conclusion ] The extrac- tion process is simple, low-cost, high-efficiency without the need for heating or harmful residues, which is suitable for mass extraction and production of hawthorn flavonoids.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573821)General Financial Grant from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M600176)Special Financial Grant from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017T100147)
文摘Objective: To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipoprotein E gene knockout(ApoE^(-/-)) mice. Methods: Thirty-six ApoE^(-/-) mice were fed with a high-fat diet starting at the age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table including model group, hawthorn extract group, and simvastatin group, 12 mice in each group. Twelve 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a basic diet and served as control. The mice in the control and model groups were administered 0.2 mL saline daily, the mice in the hawthorn extract and simvastatin groups were administered with 50 mg/kg hawthorn extract or 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, plasma lipids including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined by an enzymatic assay. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were observed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), adiponectin(APN), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Protein and mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the aorta were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qR T-PCR), respectively. Results: Compared to the control group, the plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased and HDL-C were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract significantly decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the plasma level of HDL-C in ApoE^(-/-)mice(P<0.01). The levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, and hs-CRP in the model group were significantly increased and APN was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract decreased the levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, and hs-CRP and increased the APN level(P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the protein and mR NA expression of Bax in the model group were significantly increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Hawthorn extract also reduced the protein and mR NA expression of Bax and increased the Bcl-2 expression in the aorta(P<0.01). Conclusion: Hawthorn extract has anti-atherosclerosis and stabilizing unstable plaque effects. The mechanism may be related to the inflammation and apoptosis signaling pathways.
基金Supported by Project of Chuxiong Medical College(2013)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from hawthorn fruit. [ Method] By single-factor and orthogonal experi- ments, effects of different technological conditions on extraction efficiency of flavonoids from hawthorn fruit were analyzed to investigate the optimal extraction process and relevant parameters. [ Result] Percolation extraction was the most appropriate method for extracting flavonoids from hawthorn fruit. The optimal techno- logical conditions were ： 50% ethanol as the solvent, solid-liquid ratio 1 ： 8 （ g/ml）, soaking time 72 h, moderate flow rate （3 ml/min）. [ Conclusion ] The extrac- tion process is simple, low-cost, high-efficiency without the need for heating or harmful residues, which is suitable for mass extraction and production of hawthorn flavonoids.
