A reliable and robust communication network is essential to exchange information between distributed generators(DGs)and accurately calculate their control actions in microgrids(MGs).However,the integration of the comm...A reliable and robust communication network is essential to exchange information between distributed generators(DGs)and accurately calculate their control actions in microgrids(MGs).However,the integration of the communication network and MGs poses challenges related to the flexibility,availability,and reliability of the system.Furthermore,random communication disorders such as time delays and packet loss can negatively impact the system performance.Therefore,it is essential to design a suitable secondary controller(SC)with a fast dynamic response to restore voltage and appropriate powersharing,while ensuring that the effects of random communication disorders are eliminated.In this regard,an optimal distributed hybrid model predictive secondary control method is presented in this paper.Realistic simulations are carried out in a mixed simulation environment based on MATLAB and OMNET++,by considering IEEE 802.11(Wi Fi)using the recently developed Internet networking(INET)framework.In the implemented application layer,the recovery Unit is responsible for reducing the impact of random communication disorders.The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method in comparison with a conventional model predictive control are verified by simulation results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cluster headache(CH)is a severe incapacitating headache disorder.By definition,its diagnosis must exclude possible underlying structural conditions.AIM To review available information on CLH caused by struc...BACKGROUND Cluster headache(CH)is a severe incapacitating headache disorder.By definition,its diagnosis must exclude possible underlying structural conditions.AIM To review available information on CLH caused by structural lesions and to provide better guides in the distinguishing process and to ensure that there is not a potentially treatable structural lesion.METHODS We conducted a systematic review of 77 published cases of symptomatic CH and cluster-like headache(CLH)in PubMed and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS Structural pathologies associated with CH were vascular(37.7%),tumoral(32.5%)and inflammatory(27.2%).Brain mass-like lesions(tumoural and inflammatory)were the most common diseases(28.6%),among which 77.3%lesions were at the suprasellar(pituitary)region.Cases of secondary CH related to sinusitis rose dramatically,occupying 19.5%.The third most common disease was internal carotid artery dissection,accounting for 14.3%.Atypical clinical features raise an early suspicion of a secondary cause:Late age at onset and eye and retroorbital pains were common conditions requiring careful evaluation and were present in at least one-third of cases.Abnormal neurological examination was the most significant red flag for impaired cranial nerves.CLH patients may be responsive to typical CH treatments;therefore,the treatment response is not specific.CLH can be triggered by contralateral structural pathologies.CLH associated with sinusitis and cerebral venous thrombosis required more attention.CONCLUSION Since secondary headache could perfectly mimick primary CH,neuroimaging should be conducted in patients in whom primary and secondary headaches are suspected.Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans is the diagnostic management of choice,and further examinations include vessel imaging with contrast agents and dedicated scans focusing on specific cerebral areas(sinuses,ocular and sellar regions).Neuroimaging is as necessary at follow-up visits as at the first observation.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate a new therapeutic approach that may permanently address excessive involuntary muscle activity which causes temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: A cohort of 69 TMD patients(33 men and 36 women, a...AIM: To evaluate a new therapeutic approach that may permanently address excessive involuntary muscle activity which causes temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: A cohort of 69 TMD patients(33 men and 36 women, age range 14-71 years) was treated with Subconscious Temporomandibular Dysfunction(STe Dy) therapy. A thick awareness splint assisted patients to gradually recognize the interdependence between psychological pressure and subconscious muscle activity. The STe Dy therapy lasted for one year and involved three stages:(1) data collection including medical history, clinical examination and psychological evaluation;(2) application of the awareness splint and consultation on a monthly basis; and(3) final evaluation.RESULTS: About 10% of patients(3 men and 4 women) quit the STe Dy therapy within the first 3-6 modue to severe health problems or psychosocial reasons. Based on the absence of objective and subjective clinical symptoms as well as on radiographic findings, the temporomandibular dysfunction treatment was successful in all remaining 62 patients that completed the year-long therapy. Symptoms, including recurrent headache, morning fatigue, clicking sound or painful temporomandibular joint disorders, were eliminated in all patients within the first six months. By completion of the STe Dy therapy, all patients had learned to recognize stressful conditions and cognitively avoided displaying excessive bruxism or other subconscious activity of the stomatognathic muscles. A follow-up after at least one year indicated the permanent nature of the cognitive treatment in all patients, illustrating the fact that subconscious muscle activity due to stress plays a principal role in the great majority of TMD, at least in adults.CONCLUSION: The STe Dy therapy successfully and permanently resolved TMD problems of all patients that completed the year-long treatment.展开更多
Background: The botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in a wide range of neurological diseases. We aimed to study the overall patients/caregivers’ satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment in different neurological condit...Background: The botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in a wide range of neurological diseases. We aimed to study the overall patients/caregivers’ satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment in different neurological conditions. Methods: Prospective study included patients who had received at least two BoNT-A treatment sessions. They were asked to rate overall treatment satisfaction at the peak of treatment effect on a 1 to 10 scale (1 = not at all satisfied;10 = fully satisfied). Subjects with a rating of 1to3 were classified as not at all satisfied, those with a rating of 4 to7 as somewhat satisfied, and those with a rating of 8 to10 as very satisfied. Treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medicine (TSQM) was assessed at the end of observational period. Quality of life QOL was assessed before BoNT-A treatment and at the last visit. Results: The study was conducted from first April 2014 to August 2021. 548 patients were identified with mean age 43.66 ± 14.50. Most of participants 389 (71%) were female. At the end of observational period, the mean satisfaction was 7.28 ± 1.78. There was a highly significant difference (P P P = 0.001). Conclusion: Satisfaction with BoNT-A therapy for different neurological disorders is overall good. The highest patient satisfaction was observed with primary focal HH, and the least satisfaction was observed in writer’s cramp. BoNT-A therapy improved QOL.展开更多
文摘A reliable and robust communication network is essential to exchange information between distributed generators(DGs)and accurately calculate their control actions in microgrids(MGs).However,the integration of the communication network and MGs poses challenges related to the flexibility,availability,and reliability of the system.Furthermore,random communication disorders such as time delays and packet loss can negatively impact the system performance.Therefore,it is essential to design a suitable secondary controller(SC)with a fast dynamic response to restore voltage and appropriate powersharing,while ensuring that the effects of random communication disorders are eliminated.In this regard,an optimal distributed hybrid model predictive secondary control method is presented in this paper.Realistic simulations are carried out in a mixed simulation environment based on MATLAB and OMNET++,by considering IEEE 802.11(Wi Fi)using the recently developed Internet networking(INET)framework.In the implemented application layer,the recovery Unit is responsible for reducing the impact of random communication disorders.The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method in comparison with a conventional model predictive control are verified by simulation results.
文摘BACKGROUND Cluster headache(CH)is a severe incapacitating headache disorder.By definition,its diagnosis must exclude possible underlying structural conditions.AIM To review available information on CLH caused by structural lesions and to provide better guides in the distinguishing process and to ensure that there is not a potentially treatable structural lesion.METHODS We conducted a systematic review of 77 published cases of symptomatic CH and cluster-like headache(CLH)in PubMed and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS Structural pathologies associated with CH were vascular(37.7%),tumoral(32.5%)and inflammatory(27.2%).Brain mass-like lesions(tumoural and inflammatory)were the most common diseases(28.6%),among which 77.3%lesions were at the suprasellar(pituitary)region.Cases of secondary CH related to sinusitis rose dramatically,occupying 19.5%.The third most common disease was internal carotid artery dissection,accounting for 14.3%.Atypical clinical features raise an early suspicion of a secondary cause:Late age at onset and eye and retroorbital pains were common conditions requiring careful evaluation and were present in at least one-third of cases.Abnormal neurological examination was the most significant red flag for impaired cranial nerves.CLH patients may be responsive to typical CH treatments;therefore,the treatment response is not specific.CLH can be triggered by contralateral structural pathologies.CLH associated with sinusitis and cerebral venous thrombosis required more attention.CONCLUSION Since secondary headache could perfectly mimick primary CH,neuroimaging should be conducted in patients in whom primary and secondary headaches are suspected.Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans is the diagnostic management of choice,and further examinations include vessel imaging with contrast agents and dedicated scans focusing on specific cerebral areas(sinuses,ocular and sellar regions).Neuroimaging is as necessary at follow-up visits as at the first observation.
文摘AIM: To evaluate a new therapeutic approach that may permanently address excessive involuntary muscle activity which causes temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: A cohort of 69 TMD patients(33 men and 36 women, age range 14-71 years) was treated with Subconscious Temporomandibular Dysfunction(STe Dy) therapy. A thick awareness splint assisted patients to gradually recognize the interdependence between psychological pressure and subconscious muscle activity. The STe Dy therapy lasted for one year and involved three stages:(1) data collection including medical history, clinical examination and psychological evaluation;(2) application of the awareness splint and consultation on a monthly basis; and(3) final evaluation.RESULTS: About 10% of patients(3 men and 4 women) quit the STe Dy therapy within the first 3-6 modue to severe health problems or psychosocial reasons. Based on the absence of objective and subjective clinical symptoms as well as on radiographic findings, the temporomandibular dysfunction treatment was successful in all remaining 62 patients that completed the year-long therapy. Symptoms, including recurrent headache, morning fatigue, clicking sound or painful temporomandibular joint disorders, were eliminated in all patients within the first six months. By completion of the STe Dy therapy, all patients had learned to recognize stressful conditions and cognitively avoided displaying excessive bruxism or other subconscious activity of the stomatognathic muscles. A follow-up after at least one year indicated the permanent nature of the cognitive treatment in all patients, illustrating the fact that subconscious muscle activity due to stress plays a principal role in the great majority of TMD, at least in adults.CONCLUSION: The STe Dy therapy successfully and permanently resolved TMD problems of all patients that completed the year-long treatment.
文摘Background: The botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is used in a wide range of neurological diseases. We aimed to study the overall patients/caregivers’ satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment in different neurological conditions. Methods: Prospective study included patients who had received at least two BoNT-A treatment sessions. They were asked to rate overall treatment satisfaction at the peak of treatment effect on a 1 to 10 scale (1 = not at all satisfied;10 = fully satisfied). Subjects with a rating of 1to3 were classified as not at all satisfied, those with a rating of 4 to7 as somewhat satisfied, and those with a rating of 8 to10 as very satisfied. Treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medicine (TSQM) was assessed at the end of observational period. Quality of life QOL was assessed before BoNT-A treatment and at the last visit. Results: The study was conducted from first April 2014 to August 2021. 548 patients were identified with mean age 43.66 ± 14.50. Most of participants 389 (71%) were female. At the end of observational period, the mean satisfaction was 7.28 ± 1.78. There was a highly significant difference (P P P = 0.001). Conclusion: Satisfaction with BoNT-A therapy for different neurological disorders is overall good. The highest patient satisfaction was observed with primary focal HH, and the least satisfaction was observed in writer’s cramp. BoNT-A therapy improved QOL.
