Investigation and Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk Factors in the Health Check-Up Population

Objective: To investigate and analyze the risk factors of lung cancer in the population of health checkups. Methods: A total of 500 cases of the health check-up population were selected for data study. Surveyed showed that 19 cases of lung cancer were grouped as the lung cancer group and the remaining 481 cases made up the control group, and the risk factors were analyzed. Results: Among men, there was a significant proportion of individuals aged 60-69 years old, and women aged 30-39 years old. Additionally, individuals aged 60 and above were at increased risk of developing lung cancer. The results of the multifactorial analysis were that the risk factors affecting the detection of lung cancer in healthy people were smoking history, family history of lung cancer, secondhand smoke, history of respiratory diseases, psychosomatic factors, living environment, and kitchen fumes. Conclusion: People over 60 years of age were prone to early lung cancer, followed by individuals aged 30-39 years. It is important to identify the risk factors of lung cancer to strengthen the screening of high-risk groups for early detection and treatment.

Analysis of the Prevalence Characteristics of Lung Nodules and Their Influencing Factors in The Health Check-Up Population

Objective: To study the prevalence characteristics of pulmonary nodules and their influencing factors in the health check-up population. Methods: A total of 500 cases of health checkups were selected for the data study to analyze the detection and prevalence characteristics of pulmonary nodules. The influencing factors between the pulmonary nodules group and the no pulmonary nodules group were analyzed. Results: A total of 209 cases were detected, of which there were more males than females, and for female patients, the detection rate increased with age (P < 0.05). The distribution of gender, age, smoking, respiratory symptoms, and exposure to kitchen fumes between the two groups was compared (P < 0.05). The multifactorial analysis concluded that risk factors include, respiratory symptoms, older age, exposure to kitchen fumes, and smoking. In addition, patients who exercised more had a lower risk of developing lung nodules. Conclusion: The detection rate of pulmonary nodules was high in the health check-up population and the influencing factors analyzed involved the presence of respiratory symptoms, older age, kitchen fume exposure, and smoking, while the positive influencing factor was increased exercise.

Leadership,communication,and science:three pillars essential to public health emergency response and closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations

Globally,there have been multiple public health emergencies in recent decades.High rates of morbidity,occasionally mortality,and economic instability are usually associated with pandemics.One of the epidemics that has significantly increased morbidity and mortality worldwide is the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)pandemic.HIV has a disproportionately negative impact on key populations.Strong leadership,effective communication,and sound science are necessary for public health emergency(PHE)responses to be successful.These three PHE response pllars are also essential for bridging the HIV response gap among key populations in the setting of restrictive laws.In this review,we explored the importance of these three pillars of successful PHEs responses,and how they are essential to closing the gap in the HIV response among key populations.Leaders must make decisions and instil a sense of authority in the populace during PHEs to foster trust and confidence.Leaders should base their choices on scientific evidence.Effective communication during PHEs should be proactive,polite,imaginative,innovative,and constructive.To address gaps in the HIV response among key populations,leaders must create a supportive environment for effective communication and scientific research,communication should be used to raise awareness of HIV and to dispel stigma and discrimination,while science should provide evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of interventions amongkey populations.

Effectiveness Analysis on the Physical Activity and the Health Benefit of a Community Population Based Program

Objective To evaluate the community-based health promotion effect of physical activity. Methods The residents aged 28 and above from two communities in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang province, were randomly selected and recruited for the multi-strategy and comprehensive physical activity intervention. Questionnaire survey, physical check up and blood biochemistry were conducted. Results After this two-year intervention, the time of the participant spent on weekly physical activity of moderate intensity increased from 464 min to 542 min （P〈0.05）, with an average increase of 78 min. Time spent in walking every week increased from 533 min to 678 min （P〈0.05）, with an average increase of 245 min. The body weight, waistline, blood pressure and heart rate all reduced significantly （P〈0.05）; the vital capacity increased significantly （P〈0.05）; and the related biochemical indicators were also improved. Conclusion Comprehensive and evidence-based physical activity interventions targeting community population can improve the levels of physical activity, related body measurement and biochemical indicators.

Awareness of initiative practice for health in the Chinese population:A questionnaire survey based on a network platform

BACKGROUND In 2016,the Chinese government issued the Healthy China 2030 plan,which also produced the initiative practice for health(IPFH)concept.However,people’s knowledge and awareness of the IPFH are unclear.AIM To investigate awareness of IPFH in the Chinese population and explore the relevant influential factors.METHODS An internet-based self-designed questionnaire survey was used to collect respondents’demographic characteristics and awareness of health and the IPFH from March 26 to April 18,2020.IPFH consciousness was assessed by the scores for different related questions.The Student’s t test,the Chi-square test,and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the differences and influencing factors.RESULTS A total of 2678 valid questionnaires were collected.Of the respondents,973(36.3%)had heard of the IPFH concept.In addition,89.5% of participants agreed with the view that the IPFH is beneficial to improving quality of life,and over half thought that a regular schedule,a reasonable diet,tobacco and alcohol control,a cheerful mood,specific life goals and plans,taking the initiative to accept health-related education and implement health knowledge,good interpersonal relationships,and regular physical examinations were closely related to the IPFH.The majority of respondents paid attention to their health and usually obtained health-related knowledge via social media and were also willing to promote the IPFH.Most of the participants underestimated the role of hospitals,family doctors,and health managers in promoting the IPFH.Age,monthly income,and medical-related work experience were the influencing factors for IPFH awareness.CONCLUSION The Chinese population has limited knowledge of the IPFH.People with strong IPFH awareness are older,earn more,and have medical-related work experience.

Study of Zero-Inflated Regression Models in a Large-Scale Population Survey of Sub-Health Status and Its Influencing Factors

Objective Sub-health status has progressively gained more attention from both medical professionals and the publics. Treating the number of sub-health symptoms as count data rather than dichotomous data helps to completely and accurately analyze findings in sub-healthy population. This study aims to compare the goodness of fit for count outcome models to identify the optimum model for sub-health study.Methods The sample of the study derived from a large-scale population survey on physiological and psychological constants from 2007 to 2011 in 4 provinces and 2 autonomous regions in China. We constructed four count outcome models using SAS: Poisson model, negative binomial (NB) model, zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model. The number of sub-health symptoms was used as the main outcome measure. The alpha dispersion parameter and O test were used to identify over-dispersed data, and Vuong test was used to evaluate the excessive zero count. The goodness of fit of regression models were determined by predictive probability curves and statistics of likelihood ratio test.Results Of all 78 307 respondents, 38.53% reported no sub-health symptoms. The mean number of sub-health symptoms was 2.98, and the standard deviation was 3.72. The statistic O in over-dispersion test was 720.995 (P<0.001); the estimated alpha was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.600-0.636) comparing ZINB model and ZIP model; Vuong test statistic Z was 45.487. These results indicated over-dispersion of the data and excessive zero counts in this sub-health study. ZINB model had the largest log likelihood (-167 519), the smallest Akaike’s Information Criterion coefficient (335 112) and the smallest Bayesian information criterion coefficient (335455),indicating its best goodness of fit. The predictive probabilities for most counts in ZINB model fitted the observed counts best. The logit section of ZINB model analysis showed that age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity and obesity were determinants for presence of sub-health symptoms; the binomial negative section of ZINB model analysis showed that sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol drinking, ethnicity, marital status and obesity had significant effect on the severity of sub-health.Conclusions All tests for goodness of fit and the predictive probability curve produced the same finding that ZINB model was the optimum model for exploring the influencing factors of sub-health symptoms.

Study on Influencing Factors of Mental Health of Mobile Young White-Collar Workers in China

Mobile young white-collar workers not only have the characteristics of mobile young people,but also have the characteristics of general white-collar workers.Under the influence of both,their mental health may be suffering from“double disadvantage”.So,based on an ecological model of the stress process,this paper tries to use the data of the questionnaire on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in Zhejiang Province to explore the influence of some factors in the middle workplace and residence place on the mental health of micro individuals.The results show that:(1)The working environment with high control and low freedom and the workplace discrimination against the mobile status will have a negative impact on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers;(2)Financial anxiety in daily life will lead to a decline in the mental health level of mobile young white-collar workers;(3)Good organizational support and neighborhood social relations can significantly relieve life pressure,so as to effectively improve the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers.It can be seen that we also need to pay more attention to the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in order to improve their situation.

Demand for and Accessibility to Reproductive Health Service of Urban Floating Population

Summary： The demand for knowledge of productive health and the current status of productive health services provided by relevant governmental institutions were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The study identified the key factors that influenced the demand for the productive health services and results of the services. It also discussed the effective approaches to control, planning and sustainable development of the reproductive health services for the floating populations.

Knowledge and Service Demand of Reproductive Health among Migrant Population

Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and their service demands as well as current services delivered by local family planning departments, so as to provide scientific evidences on conducting reproductive health education and appropriate service for migrant population in the district. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among a convenient sample of unmarried young migrant population between 15 and 25 years old in Dongshan District. All data were entered into database with the software Foxpro6.0 and analyzed with the statistics software SPSS10.0. Results Unmarried migrant population had some kinds＇ of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and was eager to access to reproductive health service. They hoped that relevant governmental departments could provide them more information, education and service on sexuality and reproductive health. Conclusion Relevant departments should work together to popularize reproductive health knowledge among unmarried migrant population and meet their demands on reproductive health service, so as to improve their current reproductive health situation.

Impact of Plastic Waste on the Human Health in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, and 26 were selected for full-text review. Only three articles were retained. The three articles dealt with practices likely to lead to oral exposure to plastic chemicals in human health, as well as the level of awareness of participants concerning the possible impact of plastic on human health, namely, the use of plastic baby bottles, the use of microwaves to cook food and reheat precooked food, the use of plastic bottles to store water in the refrigerator, water purifier containers with plastic bodies and plastic lunch boxes, the reuse of plastic bags and the inadequacy of treatment facilities. Conclusion: Plastic waste poses different risks to human health at every stage of its life cycle. Hence, strategies must be adopted to raise public awareness of the dangers of plastic waste to their health. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID = CRD42023409087).

Relationship between Perceived Health Status and Health Practices in the General Adult Population in Japan

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of perceived health status and Breslow’s seven health Practices(7 - 8 hours of sleep per night, maintaining a healthy weight, moderate or no alcohol intake, regular physical activity, no eating between meals, eating breakfast, and having never smoked cigarettes) in adult residents in Kumamoto Prefecture Japan. We used 2011 data from the “Health Japan 21” program in Kumamoto Prefecture, a study consisting of 2519 adults aged from 20 - 74 years. Data for the study were gathered by questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into following sections: perceived health status, seven health practices, life satisfaction, depression, social network, and demographic variables. We found that those groups engaged in more than four health practices had higher scores for perceived health status than those groups with less than four. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, positive correlations were found between perceived health status and health practices (r = 0.229, p – 0.058, p – 0.093, p– 0.109, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we clarified the differences in perceived health status by age and gender. The data from multiple regression analysis show an association between level of perceived health status and life satisfaction, the seven health practices, employment, age, depression, and social network. Our findings demonstrate a relationship between perceived health status and the seven health practices, and can be used to encourage healthier practices to enhance perceived health status and life satisfaction in community health care work.

COVID-19,mental health and Indigenous populations in Brazil:The epidemic beyond the pandemic

The aim of this paper was to report on factors contributing to the deterioration of the mental health of Indigenous populations(IP)in Brazil.Five factors seem to have a direct impact on the mental health of IP in Brazil:(1)The absence of public policies;(2)Intellectual production;(3)Psychiatric medical care for remote areas(e.g.,telemedicine)aimed at promoting the mental health of Brazil’s IP,which causes a huge gap in the process of assistance and social,psychological,economic and cultural valorization of native peoples;(4)The dissemination of fake news,which exposed,above all,older IP to risk behaviors in the pandemic,such as refusal of vaccination;and(5)The violence carried out on IP lands due to economic interests with mining/agribusiness.

The Effect of Brown Coal Mining on the Environment and Health of the Population in Northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)

Coal mining has proven negative impacts on the landscape and health of inhabitants. Solid dust particles and SO2, which are the main polluting substances in coal mining and burning, are the main causes of diseases in areas with intensive coal mining. This contribution deals with areas in the Czech Republic which have the greatest problems in this regard, being North Bohemia (Chomutov, Most, Teplice and ústí nad Labem districts). It is an area with considerable anthropogenic activity, mainly due to the intensive mining of brown coal, which has a direct effect on the health of the inhabitants of the entire ústí nad Labem region. Along with the growing number of inhabitants, energy consumption demands are constantly increasing. Nevertheless, it’s important to focus primarily on renewable energy sources, which will ensure the sustainable development of the environment and society. At the same time, the question arises, which energy sources can potentially be utilized here after mining ends (2052). In terms of geography, wind energy has the greatest potential in this area. This and associated issues are dealt with by the project “Sustainable Forms of Management in an Anthropogenically Burdened Region” at the Faculty of Environment at the University of Jan E. Purkyně in ústí nad Labem.

Study on Health of Rural Poor Population and Health Poverty Alleviation Countermeasures in Chongqing

[Objectives]The paper was to understand the health of rural poor population in Chongqing,and to put forward countermeasures for health poverty alleviation.[Methods]The 439 people living in poverty in Qianjiang District and Pengshui County,Chongqing,were investigated on the spot to deeply understand and analyze the health status,current medical insurance status and accuracy of medical system of rural poor population in Chongqing.[Results]The vast majority of poor households had been lifted out of poverty after targeted poverty alleviation.Poverty due to illness was the main cause of family poverty.The prevalence of chronic diseases in poor households was high,and the overall health level showed a downward trend.The countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the construction of medical insurance system,exploring and perfecting rural medical assistance system,enhancing the service capacity of primary medical and health institutions,and strengthening health education and health management were put forward.[Conclusions]The study provides an empirical evidence for improving the health level of poor rural residents and promoting targeted health poverty alleviation policies.

The Study of Health Effects of Vinyl Chloride AirPollution on Population

A series of indicators, including serum lysozyme activity, G-banding chromosome aberration (G-banding CA) analysis, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosome aberration (CA), T-lymphocyte transformation rate (TcTR),-GT, GPT and AKP, were employed in the present survey among occupationally vinyl chloride (VC) exposed workers and inhabitants living in VC polluted area in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) factory. The results showed that the serum lysozyme (S-LZM) activities in Group 3 (adult inhabitants exposed to 0.20 mg/m3 VC for at least 8 years), Group 2 (workers exposed to 4.1 mg/m3for at least 7 years occupationally), Group 1 (workers exposed to 25.7 mg/m3 for at least 2 years) were significantly higher than control. G-banding CA analysis showed that the total chromosome breakage rates in both Groups 1 and 2 were higher, but no difference existed between Group 3 and control. Only Group 1 was observed having higher SCEs, CA level and lower TcTR than control. AKP levels in Groups 1 and 2 were higher than control,but noγ-GT and GPT differences were found among groups. The study also suggests that G-banding CA analysis is more sensitive than CA and SCEs

Exploring the Perspectives of Healthcare Providers on Providing HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Key Populations in Rwanda: A Qualitative Study

Background: The overall HIV prevalence and incidence in Rwanda have decreased significantly in the past decade. However, opposite trends are seen among key populations (KP). The HIV prevalence among sex workers is as high as 51% and continues to rise. While the HIV prevalence among KP remains high, their adherence to treatment is low. Healthcare providers play a vital role in KP’s access and adherence to HIV treatment. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers on providing HIV services to key populations in Rwanda. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with nurses, doctors, social workers, and psychologists who provide HIV services to KP in public health facilities in Rwanda. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. All data were analyzed thematically using Dedoose. Results: Interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare providers. Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews: healthcare providers’ intrinsic feelings affect the ways they provide HIV services to key populations, key populations face a multitude of challenges related to accessing treatment and preventing the spread of HIV, and a more comprehensive and sensitive approach should be used to improve HIV services for key populations. Conclusion: Healthcare providers expressed difficulties in providing services to key populations and identified a lack of adherence to treatment and prevention guidelines, structural barriers, KP’s lack of trust in the healthcare system, and the discrimination and abuse KP face as challenges to effective HIV prevention and treatment. More comprehensive services including clinical, financial, and psychosocial support from trusted sources are needed. Some important policy changes are essential to facilitate access to HIV services for KP.

The Analysis on social determinants of health of the floating population

Health literacy refers to the individual obtaining and understanding and dealing with the basic health information and/or services and the ability of use the information and services to make good health decisions.At present, research works related to health literacy in our country are in the initial stage, the information of floating population health literacy is blank, the Chinese Health Education Center （formerly the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Center Health Education） Ministry of Social welfare studies undertaken special ＂Chinese public health Literacy survey and evaluation System ＂to develop a suitable evaluation index system of health literacy of the public, used for evaluation of our country＇ s public health literacy level. October to December 2007, the Chinese health education center of this set of evaluation index in Jinan Shandong province examines the health literacy status of floating population, analysis the influence factors of health literacy of the floating population, for the national macroeconomic regulation and control of the floating population, the rational allocation of health resources, determine priority health work, and provide evidence for health related policies and regulations of the floating population.

Association between ambient NO_(2) exposure and health status in a floating population:findings from 338 cities in China

Few studies investigated the effects of exposure to NO_(2) on health status in the Chinese floating population.The present cross-sectional study evaluated the association of ambient NO_(2) with health status in a floating population in China.Data on 168961 floating individuals in 338 cities were obtained from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey.The association between exposure to NO_(2) and self-related health(SRH)status was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis,both in the entire subject cohort and in subgroups assorted by socioeconomic levels and demographic characteristics.The robustness of the associations between NO_(2) exposure and health status was evaluated by sensitivity analyses.Each grade increment of annual average NO_(2) exposure was found to increase the risk of poor SRH by 2.4%in the floating population(odds ratio[OR]=1.024,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.011-1.038).When subgrouped by age,subjects in the floating population aged 31-49 years had the highest NO_(2) associated health risk(OR=1.036,95%CI:1.018-1.054).When subgrouped by per capita gross domestic product(PGDP),subjects in regions with mid-level PDGP had the highest NO_(2) associated SRH(OR=1.116,95%CI:1.091-1.i41).These findings indicated that exposure to NO_(2) increases the risk of poor SRH in the floating population,with individuals aged 31-49 years and those living in mid-level PGDP regions being more sensitive to the adverse effects of NO_(2).More effective strategies to reduce air pollution may improve the health status of the floatingpopulation in China.

Risk factors for major gastrointestinal bleeding in the general population in Finland

BACKGROUND Data on non-drug related risk-factors for gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)in the general population are limited,especially for life-style factors,clinical measurements and laboratory parameters.AIM To identify and investigate non-drug risk factors for major GIB in the general population of Finland.METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the FINRISK health examination surveys,which have been conducted every 5 years across Finland from 1987 to 2007.Participants were adults aged 25 years to 74 years,excluding those with a previous hospitalization for GIB.Follow-up from enrollment was performed through linkage to national electronic health registers and ended at an event of GIB that led to hospitalization/death,death due to any other cause,or after 10 years.Covariates included demographics,socioeconomic and lifestyle factors,clinical measurements,laboratory parameters and comorbidities.Variable selection was undertaken using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)and factors associated with GIB were identified using Cox regression.RESULTS Among 33,508 participants,403(1.2%)experienced GIB[256 men(63.5%);mean age,56.0 years(standard deviation(SD)±12.1)]and 33105 who did not experience GIB[15768 men(47.6%);mean age,46.8(SD±13)years],within 10 years of follow-up.Factors associated with a significantly increased risk of GIB were baseline age[per 10-year increase;hazard ratio(HR)1.62,95%confidence interval(CI):1.42-1.86],unemployment(HR:1.70,95%CI:1.11-2.59),body mass index(BMI)(HR:1.15,95%CI:1.01-1.32),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)(HR:1.05,95%CI:1.02-1.09),precursors of GIB(HR:1.90,95%CI:1.37-2.63),cancer(HR:1.47,95%CI:1.10-1.97),psychiatric disorders(HR:1.32,95%CI:1.01-1.71),heart failure(HR:1.46,95%CI:1.04-2.05),and liver disorders(HR:3.20,95%CI:2.06-4.97).Factors associated with a significantly decreased risk of GIB were systolic blood pressure(SBP)(HR:0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.96),6-10 cups of coffee a day(HR:0.67,95%CI:0.46-0.99),or>10 cups(HR:0.43,95%CI:0.23-0.81).CONCLUSION Our study confirms established risk-factors for GIB and identifies potential risk-factors not previously reported such as unemployment,BMI,GGT,SBP and coffee consumption.

Is hepatic steatosis associated with left ventricular mass index increase in the general population?

AIM To investigate the association between hepatic steatosis and change in left ventricular mass index(LVMI) over five years, and examine whether systolic and diastolic blood pressures are mediators of the association between hepatic steatosis and LVMI using a general population sample.METHODS We analyzed data from the Study of Health in Pomerania. The study population comprised 1298individuals aged 45 to 81 years. Hepatic steatosis was defined as the presence of a hyperechogenic pattern of the liver together with elevated serum alanine transferase levels. Left ventricular mass was determined echocardiographically and indexed to height2.7. Path analyses were conducted to differentiate direct and indirect paths from hepatic steatosis to LVMI encompassing systolic and diastolic blood pressure as potential mediating variables.RESULTS Hepatic steatosis was a significant predictor for all measured echocardiographic characteristics at baseline. Path analyses revealed that the association of hepatic steatosis with LVMI change after five years was negligibly small(β =-0.12, s.e. = 0.21, P = 0.55). Systolic blood pressure at baseline was inversely associated with LVMI change(β =-0.09, s.e. = 0.03, P < 0.01), while no association between diastolic blood pressure at baseline and LVMI change was evident(β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.05, P = 0.56). The effect of the indirect path from hepatic steatosis to LVMI via systolic baseline blood pressure was small(β =-0.20, s.e. = 0.10, P = 0.07). No indirect effect was observed for the path via diastolic baseline blood pressure(β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.06, P = 0.60). Similar associations were observed in the subgroup of individuals not receiving beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or drugs acting on the reninangiotensin system.CONCLUSION Baseline associations between hepatic steatosis and LVMI do not extend to associations with LVMI change after five years. More studies are needed to study the longitudinal effects of hepatic steatosis on LVMI.