Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Knowledge and skills of neonatal resuscitation of health professionals at a university teaching hospital of Northwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND:Competency in neonatal resuscitation is critical in the delivery rooms,neonatology units and pediatrics intensive care units to ensure the safety and health of neonates. Each year,millions of babies do not breathe immediately at birth,and among them the majority require basic neonatal resuscitation. Perinatal asphyxia is a major contributor to neonatal deaths worldwide in resource-limited settings. Neonatal resuscitation is effective only when health professionals have sufficient knowledge and skills. But malpractices by health professionals are frequent in the resuscitation of neonates. The present study was to assess the knowledge and skills of health professionals about neonatal resuscitation.METHODS:An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in our hospital from February15 to April 30,2014. All nurses,midwives and residents from obstetrics-gynecology(obsgyn),midwifery and pediatric departments were included. The mean scores of knowledge and skills were compared for sex,age,type of profession,qualification,year of service and previous place of work of the participants by using Student's t test and ANOVA with Scheffe's test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:One hundred and thirty-five of 150 participants were included in this study with a response rate of 90.0%. The overall mean scores of knowledge and skills of midwives,nurses and residents were 19.9(SD=3.1) and 6.8(SD=3.9) respectively. The mean knowledge scores of midwives,nurses,pediatric residents and obs-gyn residents were 19.7(SD=3.03),20.2(SD=2.94),19.7(SD=4.4) and 19.6(SD=3.3) respectively. Whereas the mean scores of skills of midwives,nurses,pediatric residents and obs-gyn residents were 7.1(SD=4.17),6.7(SD=3.75),5.7(SD=4.17) and 6.6(SD=3.97) respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The knowledge and skills of midwives,nurses and residents about neonatal resuscitation were substandardized. Training of neonatal resuscitation for midwives,nurses and residents should be emphasized.

Realities of Reflective Practice Skill among Public Health Nurses in Japan and Related Learning and Lifestyle Factors

Background: According to the diversification of the health needs and the expansion of health disparities, it is necessary to raise their reflective practice skills so that PHNs present more appropriate activities. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the realities of reflective practice skills among public health nurses in Japan and identify related factors. Methods: This study covered 1725 public health nurses in the Chugoku/Shikoku area. We conducted an anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey. As reflective practice skills (RPS), we adopted the six components of the six cycles of the Gibbs reflective model. We used the 20 criteria of the Scale for Practical Competence (SPC). We set 25 learning history/daily lifestyle items. The study plan was approved by the Ethics Committee of Okayama University. Results: We analyzed the 962 (55.8%) valid responses. Although years of experience as a public health nurse was highly correlated with practical skills as measured by SPC, with a correlation coefficient of 0.627, it was not closely related with RPS, with a correlation coefficient as low as 0.129. A logistic regression analysis of the eight learning history items and six daily lifestyle items associated with RPS, with the introduction of the high/low RPS groups as dependent variables, showed a convergence to five factors (odds ratio of 1.38 - 2.29). Conclusions: Going forward, we will need to consider how to accumulate learning on a daily basis and how to include positive health practice in PHN education, in connection with exploring the curriculum and method of training.

The Effect of Life Skills Training on the Mental Health and Level of Resilience among Teachers of Normal Students and Teachers of Exceptional Students in Zahedan

This is an experimental study conducted on two groups of control and experimental using pretestposttest design, applying psychological intervention on the study sample. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of collective education life skills on mental health and resilience of teachers in Zahedan. The population of the study included all teachers at schools with normal students and teachers at schools with exceptional students in Zahedan, among which 60 teachers at normal schools and 20 teachers at exceptional schools were selected and placed in two groups of experimental and control, respectively. Initially, members of the experimental group were taught 10 basic life skills in 10 2-hour sessions. Mental health and resilience questionnaires were distributed and gathered before and after the training sessions. Results indicated the positive effect of life skills training on mental health of teachers at schools with normal students and teachers at schools with exceptional students, which meant that the more the life skills training to teachers at schools with normal students and teachers at schools with exceptional students, the lower their mental health scores would be. Results also indicated the positive effect of life skills training on resilience of teachers at schools with normal students and teachers at schools with exceptional students, which meant that the more the life skills training to teachers at schools with normal students and teachers at schools with exceptional students, the higher their resilience scores would be.

Comparison of Public Health Nurse’s Lifestyle Counseling Skills for Clients with Different Readiness of Behavior Changes in Primary Care Settings

Purpose: Public health nurses (PHNs) are required to assess the readiness of the clients and provide lifestyle counseling accordingly. The purpose of this study was to compare the lifestyle counseling provided for clients with different levels of readiness based on self-evaluations and independent assessment. Methods: Participants were PHNs with 10 years’ experience or less. Lifestyle counseling skills were measured through a simulated counseling session in a primary setting lasting up to 30 minutes, followed by a review session, where the participant provided self-evaluations, and the simulated client provided others-evaluations, of the session. The simulated clients played the role of clients at either the pre-contemplation or contemplation stage of preparedness as per the stages of behavior change theory. Results: The self-evaluation results showed that the mean scores for five of the six skill categories, are lower in the precontemplation-stage client cases than in the contemplation-stage client cases, and significantly so for two skill categories. The others-evaluations showed significantly lower mean scores for all skill categories in the precontemplation cases than in the contemplation cases. Conclusion: The PHNs and simulated clients agreed that lifestyle counseling skills were inadequate for the precontemplation cases, as compared with the contemplation cases. The lifestyle counseling skills of PHNs with less experience may not be well-adjusted to the readiness of the client, indicating difficulties in supporting less prepared clients.

Reasoning and Rehabilitation cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders: Predictors of outcome

AIM To investigate factors predicting treatment completion and treatment outcome of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Mental Health Programme(R&R2MHP) cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders. METHODS Secondary analysis of data previously obtained from 97 male patients who were sectioned and detained under the United Kingdom Mental Health Act in low, medium and high security hospitals and who had completed R&R2MHP. Predictors of treatment completion included background variables and five outcome measures: Four self-reported measures of violent attitudes, social problem-solving skills, reactive anger and locus of control and an objective measure of behaviour on theward that was completed by staff. Completion of the 16 session programme, which was delivered on a weekly basis, was classified as ≥ 12 sessions.RESULTS It was found that the R&R2MHP is appropriate for delivery to participants of different ages, ethnic background, and at different levels of security without the completion rate or treatment effectiveness being compromised. Participants taking oral typical psychotropic medication were over seven times more likely to complete the programme than other participants. Behavioural disturbance on the ward prior to commencing the programme predicted non-completion(medium effect size). As far as treatment completion was concerned, none of the background factors predicted treatment effectiveness(age, ethnic background, level of security, number of previous convictions and number of previous hospital admissions). The best predictor of treatment effectiveness was attitude towards violence suggesting that this should be the primary outcome measure in future research evaluating outcomes of the R&R2MHP cognitive skills program. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a stable mental state is a key factor that predicts treatment completion.

Healthcare Levels Cooperation, Action in Local Health System to Better Coordinate the Delivery of Healthcare

The healthcare system＇s approach considers the complexity and interactions between organized elements. In continuous processing, healthcare systems are affected by their constituent elements, themselves modified with each system change. To secure and optimize the system of care, collaboration between levels is necessary. Almost no documented experience to better coordination of levels of care in the Belgian system is available. To improve the quality of care, the system needs collaborative coordination between stakeholders. Good coordination improves the quality of patient care, it makes quality more efficient and optimal care. This coordination between care lines must be collaborative. Interactional communication is the founding element of inter-professional collaboration. A good self-esteem improves the relationship between actors in the health system and supports the initiatives and adaptability. It contributes therefore to an increase of the quality of care. The interactional Local Health System promotes cooperation in the relevant health network. Consultation and coordination between the actors involved and motivated bring care quality and operational solutions. This dynamic modality of exchanges appears fruitful as participants continue to meet and coordinate care, even after the official end of the action-research. The climate became conducive to solving real problems through the skills developed in the LHS.

军队院校“一专多能”人才培养模式的实践探索——以武警部队卫生警士培训为例

军队院校教育是我军人才培养的主渠道,新时代军事教育方针是做好军事教育工作的基本遵循。军队院校应顺应国防和军队体制改革的需求,发挥好培养部队人才的中坚作用。武警后勤学院全面贯彻新时代军事教育方针,在承担武警部队卫生警士职业技能培训任务过程中,积极探索构建向战为战“一专多能”人才培养模式的有效路径。通过科学安排培训内容、灵活采用多种教学方法,培养学员的专业能力、自我学习能力和解决实际问题能力,提高卫生警士的培训质量,为部队战斗力建设与生成提供重要支撑。

Relationship between Reflective Practice Skills and Volume of Writing in a Reflective Journal

Background: According to the diversification of the health needs and the expansion of health disparities, public health nurses need to improve their practical capabilities, starting from basic education in graduate and undergraduate courses. And Reflective Practice with using reflective journal is one way of improving practical capabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the volume of reflective journal and the quality of progress in the reflective cycle. Methods: The participants in this study were 20 junior students majoring in public health nursing (hereinafter “PHN students”) at a university in the Chugoku area, Japan. We asked the participants to answer the questions on Reflective Practice Skills (RPS) composed of six criteria corresponding to the six questions of Gibbs on the reflective cycle before and after they started writing RJ. The volume of reflective writing was measured by the number of characters written by the PHN students in RJ of the reflective practice for three months. The study plan was approved by the Ethics Committee for Nursing Study, Okayama University. Results: Although the average total RPS score showed a change of about 3 points as a result of the 3-month RJ writing exercise, no correlation was observed between the RPS score and the RJ writing volume (r = 0.175). However, we did observe a moderately positive correlation between the RPS score and the RJ writing volume with regard to Items 5 and 6 (r = 0.475 and r = 0.444, respectively). Conclusion: This study indicated that detailed RJ writing helps to complete the reflective cycle all the way to theorization and action planning, and that the volume of writing may serve as a criterion for qualitative evaluation.

Evaluation of Impact of Life-planning Skills Training among Senior High School Students in Shangcai County

Objective To evaluate the impact of sex and reproductive health education using lifeplanning skills training among senior high school students in a rural county. Methods The study was conducted in three senior high schools of Shangcai County with comparable socio-cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics, two as intervention sites and one as the control. A three-month life-planning skills training course was conducted among all grade one students in the intervention schools. The baseline survey was conducted prior to the intervention, once again three months after the intervention was initiated. Data were collected through questionnaires, FGDs and 1Dis to evaluate the effect of the intervention program. Results After the intervention, the median score of reproductive health knowledge was higher in the intervention group （55.66） than that in control group （38.68）. Students from the intervention group were also more comfortable with their developmental changes which were going through, In the end line survey, 92.70% of the students in the intervention group suggested that reproductive health education should be carried out among all middle school students in Shangcai County. Multivariate analysis also indicated that peers and family had a significant effect on students＇ sex-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion Sex and reproductive health education via provision of life-planning skills training can significantly increase students＇ sex and reproductive health knowl- edge and was welcomed by students, teachers and parents.

关于“新课标”专项运动技能教学基本问题的探讨

《义务教育体育与健康课程标准(2022年版)》第一次明确提出专项运动技能内容。通过对专项运动技能概念的由来、运动技能与运动技术的关系、“新课标”专项运动技能的蕴含的分析,研究认为,基于核心素养的专项运动技能教学策略包括:提高对专项运动技能教学内容的价值认知;强化正规体育运动项目的课程化;实施基于理解的运动学习;根据不同运动特点进行科学合理教学;激发学生学习专项运动技能的内在动机。

新形势下提升预防医学专业学生实践能力的教学改革探索

文章旨在探讨如何通过改革教育教学体系,提高公共卫生专业学生的实践能力,培养高素质的医学人才。公共卫生教育和人才培养处于关乎国家建设、发展与安全的全局性、基础性和战略性地位。作为公共卫生队伍建设的重要一环,高校承担着公共卫生人才培养的重任。文章结合国家新形势发展的需要和预防医学实践能力的培养现状,提出了特色创新预防医学专业实践能力培养体系框架,并分别从实施改革教学方法、完善教学大纲、重视实践操作以及构建考核方式四个方面提出了具体的举措。这些改革措施能够有效规范学生的实践操作,夯实其工作技能,为国家公共卫生事业输送高素质的医学人才。文章的研究成果将对未来公共卫生教育和人才培养领域的发展和改革具有重要的指导意义。

卫生专业人员沟通技能量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的:汉化卫生专业人员沟通技能量表(HP-CSS),并检验其信效度。方法:采用Beaton跨文化调试指南翻译量表,形成中文版HP-CSS。选取四川省成都市3所三级甲等医院391名卫生专业人员进行问卷调查,并验证量表的信效度。结果:中文版HP-CSS包括4个维度、18个条目,量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.888,折半信度为0.851,重测信度为0.922。量表水平的内容效度指数为0.98,条目水平的内容效度指数为0.80~1.00。验证性因子分析结果:卡方/自由度(χ^(2)/ν)=1.943,近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.064,递增拟合指数(IFI)=0.944,非规准适配度指数(TLI)=0.929,拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.901,比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.943,达到配适标准。结论:中文版HP-CSS具有良好信效度,可作为评估卫生技术人员沟通技能的工具。

Adherence in CABG Patients: An Empirical Test of a Health Behavior Model

To benefit from a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG), patients must adhere to their therapeutic regimen. To test the extent of which the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model constructs explain the variability in adherence behaviors in CABG patients, and also to examine the relationship between the IMB model constructs, CABG patients (N = 152) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, or a standard care control group. They completed pretest measures, and were reassessed later. Although perfect replication of the IMB model’s predicted pathways was not achieved in this study, support for several of these pathways was demonstrated. The estimated model for adherence-demonstrated good fit of the data. Motivation was a significant predictor of adherence behavior in CABG patients. These findings suggest that IMB model-based intervention that improves motivation can enhance adherence. Therefore, CABG patients’ education programs should mainly target motivation in order to affect adherence behavior.

安徽省某医学院校学生公共卫生认知与实践技能需求研究

目的:了解医学院校医学生对突发公共卫生事件的认知情况以及对于公共卫生实践技能的需求现状,为加强医学高校公共卫生实践技能教育提供依据。方法:通过自制突发公共卫生事件认知及实践技能需求问卷,采用简单随机抽样方法抽取安徽省某医学院校300名学生,借助问卷星进行调查。结果:突发公共卫生事件平均得分为(61.8±15.87)分,及格率62.3%,23.3%的学生参加过公共卫生实践技能培训,90.7%的学生认为有必要开展公共卫生实践技能培训。结论:医学院校学生突发公共卫生事件的认识情况一般,应对能力较差,培训的需求程度较高,可适当调整课程结构和内容,定期组织公共卫生实践活动,理论与实践并重,并结合线上线下多种形式,切实提高医学院校学生公共卫生实践的意识和能力。

基于自我表露的健康教育联合回归社会技能训练对精神分裂症患者心理健康及社会功能的影响

目的探讨基于自我表露的健康教育联合回归社会技能训练在精神分裂症患者中的应用效果。方法选择临沂市精神卫生中心2021年3月—2023年3月收治的82例精神分裂症患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各41例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用基于自我表露的健康教育联合回归社会技能训练,两组均持续护理2个月。对比两组患者的心理健康与社会功能。结果护理后,观察组症状自评量表评分为(199.33±32.34)分,低于对照组的(263.18±39.96)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组社会功能评定量表各个维度评分及总分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于自我表露的健康教育联合回归社会技能训练在精神分裂症患者中具有较好的应用效果,利于改善其心理健康状态,提升社会功能。

数字技能、社会支持与老年人口健康

基于CGSS(2021)数据,研究数字技能对老年人口健康的影响,以及社会支持在其中的调节作用。实证发现:数字技能正向影响老人的身体健康与心理健康,且数字技能对城市老人身体健康与心理健康的促进作用均大于乡村老人。社会支持的调节作用具有性别效应与城乡效应。其中,交往支持在性别方面仅强化数字技能对老年女性身体健康的促进作用,情感支持在性别方面仅强化数字技能对老年女性心理健康的促进作用。

“五术”融入“职业卫生与职业医学”课程建设探索

新医科格局下对如何培养以“群体”为研究对象的公共卫生与预防医学人才提出了新的挑战。预防医学专业教育教学改革旨在培养出具有德医双修的素质能力、竞争力和社会责任感、适应经济社会发展需要的高素质公共卫生人才。职业病防治事关劳动者身体健康和生命安全,事关经济发展和社会稳定大局,因此融合推进“五术”人才培养理念的预防医学学科建设势在必行。以“职业卫生与职业医学”课程为例,以“五术”医学人才培养为目标进行课程设计探析,为新医科人才培养质量的整体提升奠定基础。

IMB技巧模型的健康教育对肝硬化患者自我护理能力的影响评价

目的分析信息-动机-行为技巧模型(information-motivation-behavioral skills model,IMB)的健康教育对肝硬化患者自我护理能力及并发症发生率的影响。方法随机选取2022年1月—2023年10月单县中心医院收治的130例肝硬化患者作为观察对象,以不同护理方法分为参照组(常规健康教育)和研究组(IMB技巧模型的健康教育),每组65例。比较两组患者自我护理能力及护理满意度。结果干预前,两组患者自我护理能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,研究组自我护理能力高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组护理总满意度为98.46%(64/65),高于参照组的83.08%(54/65),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.181,P=0.002)。结论肝硬化患者实施IMB技巧模型的健康教育护理,可以大幅度的提升患者自我护理能力,有助于提高患者护理满意度。

Nursing Students’ Experience with Information Literacy Skill

This study examined the searching skills and extent of usage of electronic databases by Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health Nursing students in the University of Health and Allied Science (UHAS). The focus was on forty (40) level 300 students drawn from a universe of two hundred and forty six (246) of the School of Public Health (SPH). The study used quantitative method approach and the survey instruments were questionnaire, interview and observation. The data collected were analyzed and classified into the following themes: usefulness, extent of use, determinants of use of e-databases, searching skills, and main drawbacks of learning information literacy skills (ILS). Although all the respondents strongly agreed that e-databases are indispensable for academic and professional practice, findings revealed that majority of them have low quality of searching skills and that accounts for the sparse use of the e-databases. This positive association is proven by Pearson’s chi square test (0.000). The study also established that students’ attitude, academic loads and methodology of teaching were the challenges hindering the acquisition of ILS of students. As a consequence, the study recommends that Academic librarians should intensify their education on e-databases, the development of research guides and encourages stronger collaboration with faculty members in the teaching of ILS so that student nurses would be more adept in searching for information to enhanced scholarship and professional practice.