Healthy populations represent the largest reservoir of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.We investigated the resistance of Escherichta coli to 12 antibiotics in fecal samples from untreated healthy populations in Shan...Healthy populations represent the largest reservoir of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.We investigated the resistance of Escherichta coli to 12 antibiotics in fecal samples from untreated healthy populations in Shanghai, China by using Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. The results showed that: (i) All subjects carried resistant strains of Escherichta coli. (ii) The carriage rates of Escherichta coli resistant to various antibiotics were different, less than 10 % to amikacin and 30 % to 100% to others. (iii) In the elder children group aged 10-11 years, the percentages of stralns resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole were significantly lower than those in the younger group aged 5-6 years. In the adult group, the percentages of strains resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, arnikacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxarole were significantly lower than those in the elder children group. (iv) The number of strains resistant to five or more antibiotics accounted for 31. 8 % in the younger children group, 23. 7 % in the elder children group,and 12. 1 % in the adult group. These findings suggest that all healthy people in Shanghal carry resistant strains of Escherichta coli in the intestine. The younger the populations, the higher the level of resistance of fecal Escherichta coli to antibiotics. Improvement of health behaviors and environmental sanitation and rational use of antibiotics could remarkedly decrease the resistant level of bacteria展开更多
Background Partial tandem duplication of mixed lineage leukaemia （MLL-PTD） is detected both in patients with acute leukemia and in healthy people.However,MLL-PTD in relatives of patients with MLL-PTD has not been re...Background Partial tandem duplication of mixed lineage leukaemia （MLL-PTD） is detected both in patients with acute leukemia and in healthy people.However,MLL-PTD in relatives of patients with MLL-PTD has not been reported.The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of MLL-PTD in patients with acute leukemia and in their relatives.Methods The bone marrow or peripheral blood was collected from patients with acute leukaemia and their relatives.Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was applied to detect the mRNA expression of the MLL-PTD fused gene,and further confirm in genomic DNA level.Results Analysing MLL-PTD in case 1,the patient＇s older brother and his younger brother were positive,while his mother and his son were negative.The exon type in case 1 was e9/3 fusion,but in his older brother,it was e9/3 and e11/3 fusion,and in his younger brother,it was e9/3,e10/3,and e11/3 fusion.MLL-PTD in case 2 was negative,but in the patient＇s older sister was positive,and the exon type was e9/3,e10/3,and e11/3.Conclusions The expression of MLL-PTD was present in cases with acute leukaemia with a single expression type.However,various expression types were detected in their healthy relatives.MLL-PTD can couple with other chromosome aberrations,and its impact on disease prognosis remains to be studied further.展开更多
文摘Healthy populations represent the largest reservoir of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.We investigated the resistance of Escherichta coli to 12 antibiotics in fecal samples from untreated healthy populations in Shanghai, China by using Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. The results showed that: (i) All subjects carried resistant strains of Escherichta coli. (ii) The carriage rates of Escherichta coli resistant to various antibiotics were different, less than 10 % to amikacin and 30 % to 100% to others. (iii) In the elder children group aged 10-11 years, the percentages of stralns resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole were significantly lower than those in the younger group aged 5-6 years. In the adult group, the percentages of strains resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, arnikacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxarole were significantly lower than those in the elder children group. (iv) The number of strains resistant to five or more antibiotics accounted for 31. 8 % in the younger children group, 23. 7 % in the elder children group,and 12. 1 % in the adult group. These findings suggest that all healthy people in Shanghal carry resistant strains of Escherichta coli in the intestine. The younger the populations, the higher the level of resistance of fecal Escherichta coli to antibiotics. Improvement of health behaviors and environmental sanitation and rational use of antibiotics could remarkedly decrease the resistant level of bacteria
文摘Background Partial tandem duplication of mixed lineage leukaemia （MLL-PTD） is detected both in patients with acute leukemia and in healthy people.However,MLL-PTD in relatives of patients with MLL-PTD has not been reported.The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of MLL-PTD in patients with acute leukemia and in their relatives.Methods The bone marrow or peripheral blood was collected from patients with acute leukaemia and their relatives.Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was applied to detect the mRNA expression of the MLL-PTD fused gene,and further confirm in genomic DNA level.Results Analysing MLL-PTD in case 1,the patient＇s older brother and his younger brother were positive,while his mother and his son were negative.The exon type in case 1 was e9/3 fusion,but in his older brother,it was e9/3 and e11/3 fusion,and in his younger brother,it was e9/3,e10/3,and e11/3 fusion.MLL-PTD in case 2 was negative,but in the patient＇s older sister was positive,and the exon type was e9/3,e10/3,and e11/3.Conclusions The expression of MLL-PTD was present in cases with acute leukaemia with a single expression type.However,various expression types were detected in their healthy relatives.MLL-PTD can couple with other chromosome aberrations,and its impact on disease prognosis remains to be studied further.
