Effects of Impaired Glucose Metabolism on Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pessure Variability in Essential Hpertensive Patients

To investigate the effects of impaired glucose metabolism （IGM） on cardiovascular autonomic nervous systems in essential hypertensive （EH） patients by comparing heart rate variability （HRV） and blood pressure variability （BPV） in EH patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Simultaneous 24-h recordings of ambulatory ECG and blood pressure monitoring were performed in 36 male old patients with simple EH and 33 male old patients with EH combined with T2DM. HRV analysis included time domain parameters such as SDNN, SDANN, SDNNi, rMSSD and pNN50, and total spectral power （TP） of HRV, which mainly consists of VLF, LF and HF component along with LF/HF ratio, was also obtained. The value of ambulatory blood pressure was represented as the mean blood pressure （mean systolic/mSBP, diastolic/mDBP and pulse pressure/mPP） during different periods （24 h/24 h, day time/d and night time/n）. Standard deviation （SD） as well as coefficient of variance （CV） of blood pressure during each above-mentioned period were obtained to reflect the long-term BPV. Our result showed that SDNN, SDNNi, SDANN, rMSSD, PNN50, TP and HF of HRV in cases of EH with T2DM were all significantly lower than those in simple EH subjects （P〈0.05）. No significant differences in VLF or LF was found between the two groups （P〉0.05）, while LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in EH with T2DM patients than in simple EH subjects （P〈0.01）. Moreover, dmSBP, 24 h-mPP and dmPP were all significantly higher in EH with T2DM patients than in simple EH subjects （P〈0.05）, while nmSBP, 24 h-mSBP, 24 h-mDBP, dmDBP, nmDBP or nmPP showed no significant difference between this two groups of patients （P〉0.05）. And dSBPSD, dSBPCV and 24 h-SBPSD were all significantly higher in EH with T2DM patients than in simple EH subjects （P〈0.05）, while the other BPV indexes showed no significant difference between this two groups （P〉0.05）. It is concluded that the cardiovascular autonomic nervous systems in EH patients was further impaired by T2DM, displaying lowering of HRV and enlargement of BPV, which in turn induced abnormal structural and functional changes of cardiovascular systems. Therefore, improving cardiovascular autonomic nervous systems might reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular complications in the EH patients with IGM.

Analysis of heart rate variability based on singular value decomposition entropy

Assessing the dynamics of heart rate fluctuations can provide valuable information about heart status. In this study, regularity of heart rate variability （HRV） of heart failure patients and healthy persons using the concept of singular value decomposition entropy （SvdEn） is analyzed. SvdEn is calculated from the time series using normalized singular values. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and fast computation. It enables analysis of very short and non-stationary data sets. The results show that SvdEn of patients with congestive heart failure （CHF） shows a low value （SvdEn： 0.056±0.006, p 〈 0.01） which can be completely separated from healthy subjects. In addition, differences of SvdEn values between day and night are found for the healthy groups. SvdEn decreases with age. The lower the SvdEn values, the higher the risk of heart disease. Moreover, SvdEn is associated with the energy of heart rhythm. The results show that using SvdEn for discriminating HRV in different physiological states for clinical applications is feasible and simple.

Effects of Moxa (Artemisia Vulgaris) Smoke Inhalation on Heart Rate and Its Variability

Objective: To evaluate the changes of human heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during and after moxa smoke inhalation and to investigate the effects of moxa smoke on human autonomic nervous system. Methods: 24 healthy volunteers were exposed to moxa smoke with their HRV parameters measured before, during and after the moxa smoke inhalation. Results: The healthy volunteers exposed to moxa smoke had significant reductions in HR and also significant changes in HRV parameters. Conclusions: Moxa smoke can improve the autonomic nervous system activity. The inhalation of moxa smoke will induce a depressant effect on human body.

Relationship between hypothermia and heart rate yarialion in severe brain injury

AIM:To investigate effects of heart automatic nerve variations and hypothermia(HT) therapy on heart rate variation(HRV).METHODS:We studied the dynamic electrocardiagraph(ECG) of 41 cases of severe brain injury.The patients were devided into HT therapy group(n=21,body temprature 32-33℃),non-HT therapy group(n=20) and normal control(n=20).RESULTS:In group 1,the reduction of time domain indexes and frequency domain indexes were 3-6 folds and 30-50folds respectively compared with those of the control group,while the corresponding indexes reduction were 2-3 folds and 4-5folds in the group 2(P<0.05,P<0.01,respectively).The difference between groups were significant(P<0.05-0.01);the HRV reduction was more significant in the cerebrovascular accident patients than that of brain injured(P<0.05-0.01);the HRV indexes increased significantly in resuscitated patients than those in coma(P<0.01);the HRV in dead was much lower than that in survival(P=0.01).CONCLUSION:Injury of central nervous system can induce abnormal function of automatic nerve of heart and reduction of HRV.HT therapy can reduce HRV on a higher level;HRV examination can be applied into the prediction of prognosis of the brain injured.

An Intelligent Household Heart Rate Meter

The measuring instrument which uses Sunplus SPCE061A MCU as the controller is a practical intelligent household heart rate meter.It can serve all people timely and effectively to detect the heart rate.It rings some voice alarm if the HRV is abnormal.Then it is decided whether to see a doctor at a convenient time for further diagnosis.The instrument has a feature of voice guidance that can save keyboard steps,which extends the scope of use.All people,old and young,the blind and the deaf,can use it by themselves.

Clinical Teleacupuncture between China and Austria Using Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Depression

In previous studies by the same research group it has been shown in post-stroke patients that the autonomic system can be affected by acupuncture. Within this study, teleacupuncture between China and Austria is used for quantifying the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) in Chinese patients suffering from depression. In 22 Chinese depression patients (17 f, 5 m;mean age ± SD 52.3 ± 10.6 years;range 31 - 70 years) electrocardiographic signals before, during and after acupuncture at the acupoint Jianshi (PC 5) were recorded in Harbin and analyzed in Graz using teleacupuncture via internet. HRV data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain and a protocol from Austria was sent to the team in China immediately after the treatment and recording session. Mean heart rate decreased significantly (p < 0.001) during and after acupuncture, whereas total HRV increased significantly during (p < 0.034) and after (p < 0.001) acupuncture, always immediately following manual needle stimulation. Furthermore, there is a marked decrease in balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (low frequency/high frequency HRV ratio) during treatment. This study shows that HRV could be a useful parameter for quantifying clinical effects of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system. Teleacupuncture between China and Austria over a distance of more than 8,500 km has been successfully used.

The Effect of Breathing Route on Heart Rate Variability—A within Subject Comparative Study

Background: The effect of traffic related emissions on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been previously demonstrated. However, the results of different studies on the relationship between ambient pollutants and specifically carbon monoxide (CO) on HRV are inconclusive and appear to reflect personal differences. The differences in methodology including breathing style and participants under study can possibly attribute to this variability. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of the breathing route (Nasal/Oral) on the relationship between CO concentration and HRV. Methodology: Forty healthy participants (25 females, 15 males) between the ages of 15 - 50 years were included in the study. The participants strolled in a central bus station, staying for 10 minutes in three designated locations alternating nasal and oral breathing. CO concentration and HRV were continuously monitored. Frequency (LnLF, LnHF, LnLF/HF) and time domain (LnSDNN, LnRMSSD) HRV indices were computed. Analysis: MANCOVA, with HRV indices being the dependent variables and CO, gender and age being the independent variables was employed. Results: Significant interaction effects between breathing route and CO, and breathing route and gender on HRV (LnLF/HF) were found (p = 0.04 and 0.01 respectively). Both CO and age were found to affect LnSDNN and LnRMSSD. Conclusion: Breathing route emerges as a possible modifier of the relationship between air pollution and HRV and thus contributes to interpersonal differences obtained in studies investigating the effect of environmental pollution and HRV.

High frequency heart rate variability evoked by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the medial prefrontal cortex: A preliminary investigation on brain processing of acute stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity

Introduction: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for brain stimulation. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), Broadman Area 10 (BA10) may stimulate transynaptically perigenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex (pACC, BA 33), insula, amigdala, hypothalamus and connected branches of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) involved in stressorevoked cardiovascular reactivity. Stressors are associated with an increase in sympathetic cardiac control, a decrease in parasympathetic control, or both, and, consequently, an increase in systolic/stroke volume, total vascular impedance/resistance and heart rate, a decrease of baroreflex sensitivity, i.e., an increase in blood pressure/arterial tension. Objectives and Aims: The present work aims, using TMS and accordingly to Gianaros modeling, based on functional neuroimaging studies and previous neuroanatomical data from animal models, to probe the connectivity of brain systems involved in stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity and to explore TMS potential as a tool for detection and stratification of individual differences concerning this reactivity and hemorreological risk factors correlated with the development of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Methods: Both subjects, a 52 years old male and a 40 years old female with previous increased Low Frequency (LF)/High Frequency (HF) Heart Rate Variability (HRV) ratios (respectively, 4.209/3.028) without decompensated cardiorespiratory symptoms, gave informed consent, and ethico-legal issues have been observed. Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring has been performed for safety purposes. Immediately after administration, over the mPFC, of 15 pulses of rTMS, during 60 second, with an inductive electrical current, at the stimulating coil, of 85.9 Ampère per μsecond and 66 Ampère per μsecond, respectively, for male and female subjects (a “figure-of-eight” coil and magnetic stimulator MagLite, Dantec/Medtronic, have been used), HRV spectrum analysis (cStress software) has been performed (during 5 minutes, in supine position). Results: In both subjects, LF power, HF power and LF/HF ratio results, before and after rTMS administration, pointed towards sympathetic attenuation and parasympathetic augmentation (respectively, in male/female subject: decreased LF power—65.1 nu/69.3 nu, before rTMS;56.1 nu/41.6 nu, after rTMS;increased HF power—15.5 nu/22.9 nu, before rTMS;30.9 nu/45.5 nu, after rTMS). Conclusions: In this preliminary investigation, the existence of a link between “mind” and heart’s function has been put in evidence, through a reversible “virtual” lesion, of brain systems involved in cardiovascular control, caused by TMS. Repetitive TMS over mPFC decreased brain function involved in stressorevoked cardiovascular reactivity, suggesting the importance of TMS in the management of stress-related cardiovascular disorders.

睡眠剥夺下不同睡眠类型持续性注意及HRV节律研究

为明确睡眠类型差异对个体认知绩效的影响,利用睡眠类型互补性原则差异化、科学化设计早晚班、夜班团队成员的搭配,提升作业人员的安全效能。采用固定作息法对不同睡眠类型参与者进行30 h睡眠剥夺,测量其心率变异性(HRV)和持续性注意(SUA)水平。同时采用卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表(KSS)、早晨型-夜晚型问卷(MEQ)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI),测量睡眠剥夺下不同睡眠类型的参与者疲劳程度。结果表明:在30 h睡眠剥夺中,夜晚型HRV时域指标差异更为明显(RMSSD=38.301±17.056,P<0.001),其波动和幅度更剧烈,周期性更显著。3种睡眠类型KSS分值整体呈上升趋势,中间型KSS分值与HRV频域指标交叉相关性最高(LF/HF=0.769,P<0.05)。早晨型较高SUA水平保持在11:00—17:00,正确率线性回归系数绝对值在1.5×10-4~1.7×10-4,中间型保持在07:00—12:00,夜晚型与前两者相比差异较大。

基于HRV的北方林区冰雪道路驾驶疲劳分析

为提高林区冰雪道路行车安全性,探讨林区冰雪道路驾驶员心理与生理疲劳状态,针对东北林区冰雪道路环境特殊性,通过实驾试验采集驾驶员的心电信号,基于心率变异性(HRV)指标的有效定量评价,结合指标间的灰色关联度分析,研究东北林区冰雪道路环境下驾驶员的心率(HR)、R-R间期标准偏差(SDNN)、低频与高频比值(LF/HF)及相关维数(D2)4个指标值间的变化规律及其随时间的变化规律。结果表明,驾驶员在林区冰雪道路驾驶过程中,HRV指标与HR关联次序为SDNN,D2,LF/HF,驾驶员在林区冰雪道路行车初期驾驶员紧张程度大;连续行车驾驶员精神负荷与体力负荷都会增大,出现疲劳累积效应。

公路线形复杂程度对驾驶员HRV的影响研究

通过检测驾驶员心理、生理指标,观察公路线形复杂程度对驾驶员心率变异性(HRV)的影响,研究不合理公路线形对驾驶员行车安全的影响。对内蒙古境内6条公路的线形资料进行调查统计,利用赋值打分法确定各自的复杂程度;选取典型路段进行实驾试验,通过二列相关系数的计算及相应检验,得到心率变异分析的敏感指标;进而分析公路线形复杂程度对驾驶员心理、生理的影响。结果表明,HRV指标间期均值(MRR)、低高频比值(LF/HF)、样本熵(Samp En)对公路线形复杂程度响应敏感;即复杂程度过低会导致驾驶员由于驾驶任务简单出现反应迟缓、注意力难以集中等现象,影响行车安全;复杂程度过高会使驾驶员时刻保持精神高度集中状态,容易提前产生疲劳,从而威胁行车安全。

曲美他嗪对于陈旧性心肌梗塞病人心率变异性/HRV干预影响的随机交叉研究

目的:研究曲美他嗪（Trimetazidine）对于处于常规治疗中的心肌梗塞后病人的心率变异性（heart rate variability,HRV）的影响。方法:冠心病陈旧心 肌梗塞病人（OMI）,共59对;男性55对,女性4对。配对主要条件为:性别、 年龄、梗塞部位、梗塞后心功能、梗塞后时间、高血压病史及分级、糖尿病史。 采用病例配对、随机、交叉、单盲的试验设计。HRV参数为:全部正常窦性心 搏间期标准差（SDNN）;全程5min时间段NN均值标准差（SDANN）;全部相邻NN间期之差的均方根值（RMSSD）;三角指数:NN间期的总个数除以NN间期直方图的高度（横坐标时间单位为1/128秒）。结果分析:组间差别分析采用方差分析（ANOVA检验）;两组样本均数差别分析采用t’检验。结果:综合总的交叉试验结果（上述4个HRV分析参数）显示:曲美他嗪处理组心率变异性（HRV）改变不十分确切（PSDNN<0.05,PSDANN>0.05,P RMSSD>0.05、P三角指数>0.05）。但对于陈旧性心肌梗塞后左室射血分数/LVEF≤40％病人组与>40％组的心率变异性（HRV）差别的分析结果显示:曲美他嗪组心率变异性值增加具有明显差别（P<0.05）。对于陈旧性心肌梗塞合并Ⅱ型糖尿病病人组与非合并组的分析结果显示:曲美他嗪处理组心率变异性值增加具有显著意义（P<0.05）。结论:应用曲美?

基于Teager算子的短时HRV样本熵算法

在心率变异性(HRV)数据的短时非线性分析中,单纯的样本熵算法不能有效提取健康人和充血性心衰(CHF)患者的信号特征差异。为此,提出一种基于Teager能量算子的样本熵分析算法。采用Teager算子的预处理捕获心脏动力学活动中的异常节律变化,以强化样本熵分析效果。对MIT BIH数据库中样本的实验结果表明,该算法可反映健康人与CHF患者的短时HRV信号非线性复杂性的差异,为计算机分析诊断心衰等疾病提供新的辅助依据。

HRV的最大李雅普诺夫指数估计

对心率变异性(HRV)进行了研究,比较了心率正常者与心率失常者HRV之间的最大李雅普诺夫指数上的差别。人在正常状态和病理状态下的HRV信号最大李雅普诺夫指数是不同的,当出现病理心血管事件时,指数α减少,因此李雅普诺夫指数可作为人体是否异常或处于何种异常状态的特征刻画指标,本文心率正常者HRV信号的最大李雅普诺夫指数为0.45907,心率不齐者的最大李雅普诺夫指数是0.41472。它们均为混沌信号,但是处于心率不齐状态的节律混沌程度明显比处于心率正常状态的节律混沌程度低。

心悸寒证与热证心率变异性(HRV)与自主神经张力(交感和迷走)相关分析

[目的]观察心悸寒/热证心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)与自主神经张力(交感和迷走)相关性。[方法]使用前瞻性设计,平行对照方法,将141例住院及门诊患者按寒热证候归入实热、实寒、虚热、虚寒4组。观测HRV指标,时域指标SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD,频域指标TP、LF、HF、LF/HF。使用DMS动态分析软件,人工修正、去除伪差,自动分析24h连续心电信号(动态心电图)后,获得HRV各项指标。[结果]寒热辨证分组:热证82例(58.2%,82/141),其中实热32例,虚热50例;寒证59例(41.8%,59/141),均为虚寒证。SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD热证与寒证组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),虚寒组均大于虚热组(P<0.05)。TP、LF、HF热证与寒证组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),LF/HF热证组高于寒证(P<0.05);频域指标TP、HF、LF/HF虚热与虚寒均有显著差异(P<0.05),TP、HF虚寒大于虚热(P<0.05),LF/HF虚热组大于虚寒组(P<0.05),LF组间无显著差异(P>0.05),[结论]虚实与自主神经总张力相关,寒热与自主神经功能交感和迷走神经的张力平衡相关,热证与寒证自主神经总体能量无显著差异(P>0.05),热证组交感活动相对增强。

β受体阻滞剂对老年慢性心衰患者HRV与Tei指数的影响

目的通过观察心率变异性(HRV)指标与Tei指数,探讨β受体阻滞剂对心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级心衰患者HRV与心功能的影响。方法选择心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级心衰患者68例,分为β受体阻滞剂组(40例)和常规治疗组(28例),β受体阻滞剂组患者在常规治疗的基础上加用小剂量的β受体阻滞剂治疗,治疗前及治疗6月后分别检测HRV各项指标及Tei指数。结果两组的SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50指标和Tei指数治疗后与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=3.38、5.30、2.22、3.68、7.60;2.11、1.89、2.33、1.73、1.72,P均<0.05),β受体阻滞剂组与常规治疗组治疗后比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(t分别=1.75、1.83、1.87、5.06、4.59,P均<0.05)。β受体阻滞剂组LF/HF和MHR治疗后较治疗前明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=2.76、3.40,P均<0.05),与常规组治疗后比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=1.75、2.18,P均<0.05),而常规组治疗前后比较,差异均无统计学意义(t分别=0.04、0.16,P均>0.05)。结论随着心功能的改善,β受体阻滞剂可减慢老年慢性心衰患者平均心率,改善老年慢性心衰患者自主神经功能和心功能。

二异丙酚靶控输注用于老年患者快通道麻醉时BIS与HRV关系的研究

目的研究老年患者丙泊酚(二异丙酚)靶控输注时不同BIS值(脑电双频指数)的HRV(心率变异性)的变化。探讨不同镇静深度与HRV之间的关系。方法选择60岁以上行门诊内窥镜(支气管镜、胃镜、肠镜)检查患者30例,随机分为3组,A组BIS50～60,B组60～70,C组70～80,各组均在麻醉前、麻醉诱导后,术中、术毕监测BIS、HRV及血液动力学指标。结果A组各监测点HRV明显降低(P<0.05),B组仅有轻度下降(P>0.05),C组明显升高(P<0.05)。结论患者镇静深度BIS60～70时,即可明显抑制内窥镜手术刺激所致的HRV变化,是临床较为合适的镇静深度,可显著降低老年患者交感神经活性、交感/迷走神经均衡性和自主神经总张力,利于机体血液动力学稳定。

正念训练对优秀射箭运动员比赛期焦虑的影响:来自HRV的证据

考察正念训练方法缓解比赛期优秀射箭运动员紧张情绪和焦虑状态的作用,为我国射箭队备战重要国际大赛提供新手段和新方法。方法:选取国家射箭队26名运动员,随机分成实验组和对照组,12周干预前后,对2组被试比赛期静息态心率变异性(HRV)指标、焦虑情绪和疲劳状态进行测评和分析。结果:2组运动员HRV指标中的HF(p<0.05)、LF/HF(p<0.05)存在显著差异性,“心境状态量表”中的焦虑分量表评分结果具有显著差异性(p<0.05)。结论:正念训练能够显著增强比赛期优秀射箭运动员副交感神经系统活性,维持植物神经系统的动态平衡性,降低优秀射箭运动员比赛期焦虑水平,改善比赛期心理状态,有助于提升优秀射箭运动员比赛期的运动表现。

脑缺血缺氧HRV信号的复原图分析

心率变异信号(HRV)是人体心脏搏动周期的微小变异,反映了自主神经系统的平衡协调关系。在证实心率变异信号的非线性特征后,可利用基于复杂度的非线性动力学分析方法-复原图(recurrence plot)来进行分析。通过复原图及其量化分析方法,发现与正常情况相比,缺血缺氧阶段HRV信号的复原图和量化指标L-Mean、L-Entr均有显著的变化,为监测缺血缺氧脑损伤提供了新的途径。

工作记忆刷新训练改善抑郁倾向大学生情绪调节能力的HRV证据

根据流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI-Ⅱ-C)的得分情况招募健康被试20例,抑郁倾向被试40例,以自愿参加的分组方式将抑郁倾向被试分为工作记忆刷新训练组和对照组,每组20例。对训练组进行为期20天的工作记忆刷新训练,对照组不做处理。记录各组被试在前后测的刷新功能以及在情绪调节任务中量表的得分情况,并收集各组被试在5种实验条件下的心率变异性(HRV)的频域指标值,结果发现:前测时抑郁倾向个体的HF-HRV显著低于健康个体的平均水平。经过工作记忆训练,后测的抑郁倾向训练组在情绪调节任务中的HF-HRV水平有显著的提高,贴近健康对照组的水平,并与抑郁倾向对照组分离。研究表明,工作记忆刷新训练能够使抑郁倾向大学生的HRV活动更接近健康被试的HRV活动,表明抑郁倾向大学生的情绪调节能力得到了改善。