4个苹果品种和2种砧木试管苗对热处理脱毒效应的研究

本试验采用变温热处理结合茎尖培养对4个苹果品种和2种砧木组培苗脱除潜隐性病毒的效应进行了研究。结果表明:不同的苹果品种和砧木耐热性不同。其中王林、珠美海棠的耐热性最强,L-6、金矮生的耐热性居中,首红、天汪1号耐热性最差。在相同处理条件下,不同的苹果基因型脱毒率存在差异。其中王林脱毒效率最高,3种病毒的同时脱除率达到100%;金矮生ACLSV和ASPV两种病毒的同时脱除率达到100%;ASGV的脱除率也在80%以上;株美海棠、L-6、天汪1号、首红的脱除率较低。另外,不同病毒种类脱除的难易程度也存有差异,ACLSV最容易脱除,ASGV最难脱除,ASPV居中。

22个苹果品种和砧木试管苗对热处理脱毒效应的研究

用RT-PCR对22个苹果品种和砧木携带3种潜隐性病毒的情况进行了检测,并用变温热处理结合茎尖培养对22个苹果品种和砧木组培苗脱除潜隐性病毒的效应进行了研究。结果表明:不同的苹果品种和砧木耐热性不同。其中‘王林’、‘乔纳金’、‘嘎啦’、‘金冠’、‘珠美海棠’、‘P22’的耐热性最强;‘GM256’、‘弘前’、‘SH’系耐热性最差;‘惠民短枝富士’、‘浓红富士’、‘天红1号’、‘B9’、‘M9’、‘P59’、‘77-34’、‘天红2号’、‘Jazz’的耐热性居中。在相同处理条件下,不同的苹果基因型脱毒率存在差异。‘惠民短枝富士’、‘SH17’、‘M9’、‘GM256’、‘弘前’脱毒率最高,‘77-34’、‘P59’、‘P22’、‘天红1号’次之,‘乔纳金’、‘SH40’、‘SH38’、‘浓红富士’的脱毒率最低。另外,不同病毒种类脱除的难易程度也存有差异,ACLSV最容易脱除,ASGV最难脱除,ASPV居中。

Efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm and tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation in treating acute ischemic stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety outcomes following a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm(CHEP)formula and tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation(TQABC)formula in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)within a 72 h time window.METHODS:In this randomized,multicenter,doubleblinded,placebo-controlled trial,500 participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1∶1 to the CHEP+TQABC group or control group.In addition to guidelinebased standard medical care,participants in the treatment group will receive the CHEP formula for the first 5 consecutive days followed by the TQABC formula for another 10 consecutive days,while those in the control group will receive CHEP formula placebo and TQABC formula placebo consecutively.The primary outcome measure will be the comparison of the change in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to 15 days after randomization.The secondary outcome measures will include the scores on the modified Rankin Scale,Barthel Index,Patient-Reported Outcomes,TCM symptom pattern(Zheng-hou)evaluation Scale,and the incidence of in-hospital complications.Safety assessment will include the physical examination,laboratory detection,any adverse events or serious adverse events,and the proportion of any complications during hospitalization.DISCUSSION:The results of this study will provide objective and scientific data with which to assess the efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment based on“integrating disease and symptom pattern”for patients with AIS.

Thermal protection mechanism of heat pipe in leading edge under hypersonic conditions

Sharp local structure, like the leading edge of hypersonic aircraft, confronts a severe aerodynamic heating environment at a Mach number greater than 5. To eliminate the danger of a material failure, a semi-active thermal protection system is proposed by integrating a metallic heat pipe into the structure of the leading edge. An analytical heat-balance model is established from traditional aerodynamic theories, and then thermal and mechanical characteristics of the structure are studied at Mach number 6–8 for three refractory alloys, Inconel 625, C-103, and T-111. The feasibility of this simple analytical method as an initial design tool for hypersonic aircraft is assessed through numerical simulations using a finite element method. The results indicate that both the isothermal and the maximum temperatures fall but the von Mises stress increases with a longer design length of the leading edge. These two temperatures and the stress rise remarkably at a higher Mach number. Under all investigated hypersonic conditions, with a 3 mm leading edge radius and a0.15 m design length, the maximum stress exceeds the yield strength of Inconel 625 at Mach numbers greater than 6, which means a material failure. Moreover, both C-103 and T-111 meet all requirements at Mach number 6–8.