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Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs
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作者 Chao Liu Weiru Wang +2 位作者 Jing Li Xinyuan Liu Yongning Chi 《Global Energy Interconnection》 EI CSCD 2024年第4期377-390,共14页
With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This st... With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits. 展开更多
关键词 Demand response Combined cooling heating and power system Carbon transaction costs Flexible electric and thermal loads Optimal scheduling
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Research on Energy-Saving Performance of Intermittent Heating for Rooms in Hot Summer&ColdWinter Zone
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作者 Guoqing Yu Nan Fang +1 位作者 Dingke Hu Wei Zhao 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2023年第7期1563-1582,共20页
In the hot summer&cold winter zone in China,intermittent heating space for rooms is widely used.However,in comparison with continuous space heating,the energy-saving performance of intermittent space heating has n... In the hot summer&cold winter zone in China,intermittent heating space for rooms is widely used.However,in comparison with continuous space heating,the energy-saving performance of intermittent space heating has not been sufficiently investigated.This paper studied the factors influencing the energy performance of intermittent heating for the representativeoffice inhot summer&coldwinter zone.Basedon theheatbalancemethod,adynamic thermalmodel of the intermittent heating roomwas built and tested by experiments.And then,it analyzed the total space heating load,the amount of energy saving and energy saving ratio of the intermittent heating under different preheating hours,occupation hours,required roomtemperatures,air change rates,overall heat transfer coefficients(U-value)of windows and wall materials.If the adjacent rooms were not heated,for a typical room occupied about 10 h a day,the energy-saving ratio of intermittent heating was about 30%compared with continuous heating.But the preheating power was higher than two times of continuous heating.The results also indicated that the occupation hours had a significant effect on energy saving amount and ratio,it should be noted that the energy saving ratio by intermittent heating was much lower than the unoccupied period ratio.Relative to other factors,the heating temperatures,room air change rates and U-value of windows,and room envelope materials had little effect on energy efficiency.If the adjacent rooms were heated in the same manner as the roomin question,the energy-saving ratio of the total load of intermittent heating was heavily reduced to 8.46%. 展开更多
关键词 Intermittent heating space heat load continuous heating hot summer&cold winter zone energy saving ratio
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Research on Operation Optimization of Heating System Based on Electric Storage Coupled Solar Energy and Air Source Heat Pump
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作者 Jingxiao Han Chuanzhao Zhang +5 位作者 LuWang ZengjunChang Qing Zhao Ying Shi JiaruiWu Xiangfei Kong 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2023年第9期1991-2011,共21页
For heating systems based on electricity storage coupled with solar energy and an air source heat pump(ECSA),choosing the appropriate combination of heat sources according to local conditions is the key to improving e... For heating systems based on electricity storage coupled with solar energy and an air source heat pump(ECSA),choosing the appropriate combination of heat sources according to local conditions is the key to improving economic efficiency.In this paper,four cities in three climatic regions in China were selected,namely Nanjing in the hot summer and cold winter region,Tianjin in the cold region,Shenyang and Harbin in the severe cold winter region.The levelized cost of heat(LCOH)was used as the economic evaluation index,and the energy consumption and emissions of different pollutants were analyzed.TRNSYS software was used to simulate and analyze the system performance.The Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm and GenOpt software were used to optimize the system parameters.The results showed that ECSA systemhad an excellent operation effect in cold region and hot summer and cold winter region.Compared with ECS system,the systemenergy consumption,and the emission of different pollutants of ECSA system can be reduced by a maximum of 1.37 times.In cold region,the initial investment in an air source heat pump is higher due to the lower ambient temperature,resulting in an increase in the LOCH value of ECSA system.After the LOCH value of ECSA system in each region was optimized,the heating cost of the system was reduced,but also resulted in an increase in energy consumption and the emission of different pollutant gases. 展开更多
关键词 Electric heat storage solar energy air source heat pump multi-objective optimization method LOCH
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Feasibility of Scaling up the Cost-Competitive and Clean Electrolytic Hydrogen Supply in China
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作者 Guangsheng Pan Wei Gu +4 位作者 Zhongfan Gu Jin Lin Suyang Zhou Zhi Wu Shuai Lu 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期154-165,共12页
Scaling up clean hydrogen supply in the near future is critical to achieving China’s hydrogen development target.This study established an electrolytic hydrogen development mechanism considering the generation mix an... Scaling up clean hydrogen supply in the near future is critical to achieving China’s hydrogen development target.This study established an electrolytic hydrogen development mechanism considering the generation mix and operation optimization of power systems with access to hydrogen.Based on the incremental cost principle,we quantified the provincial and national clean hydrogen production cost performance levels in 2030.The results indicated that this mechanism could effectively reduce the production cost of clean hydrogen in most provinces,with a national average value of less than 2 USD·kg^(-1) at the 40-megaton hydrogen supply scale.Provincial cooperation via power transmission lines could further reduce the production cost to 1.72 USD·kg^(-1).However,performance is affected by the potential distribution of hydrogen demand.From the supply side,competitiveness of the mechanism is limited to clean hydrogen production,while from the demand side,it could help electrolytic hydrogen fulfil a more significant role.This study could provide a solution for the ambitious development of renewables and the hydrogen economy in China. 展开更多
关键词 Low-carbon energy system Electrolytic hydrogen RENEWABLES cost optimization and analysis
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Performance analysis of deep borehole heat exchangers for decarbonization of heating systems
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作者 Andreas E.D.Lund 《Deep Underground Science and Engineering》 2024年第3期349-357,共9页
Meeting the climate change mitigation targets will require a substantial shift from fossil to clean fuels in the heating sector.Heat pumps with deep borehole exchangers are a promising solution to reduce emissions.Her... Meeting the climate change mitigation targets will require a substantial shift from fossil to clean fuels in the heating sector.Heat pumps with deep borehole exchangers are a promising solution to reduce emissions.Here the thermal behavior of deep borehole exchangers(DBHEs)ranging from 1 to 2 km was analyzed for various heat flow profiles.A strong correlation between thermal energy extraction and power output from DBHEs was found,also influenced by the heating profile employed.Longer operating time over the year typically resulted in higher energy production,while shorter one yielded higher average thermal power output,highlighting the importance of the choice of heating strategy and system design for optimal performance of DBHEs.Short breaks in operation for regenerating the borehole,for example,with waste heat,proved to be favorable for the performance yielding an overall heat output close to the same as with continuous extraction of heat.The results demonstrate the usefulness of deep boreholes for dense urban areas with less available space.As the heat production from a single DBHE in Finnish conditions ranges from half up to even a few GWh a year,the technology is best suitable for larger heat loads. 展开更多
关键词 clean energy deep borehole exchangers energy transition geothermal heat ground-coupled heat pump
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A digital twin model-based approach to cost optimization of residential community microgrids
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作者 Mariem Dellaly Sondes Skander-Mustapha Ilhem Slama-Belkhodja 《Global Energy Interconnection》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期82-93,共12页
This paper presents a peer-to-peer community cost optimization approach based on a single-prosumer energy management system.Its objective is to optimize energy costs for prosumers in the community by enhancing the con... This paper presents a peer-to-peer community cost optimization approach based on a single-prosumer energy management system.Its objective is to optimize energy costs for prosumers in the community by enhancing the consumption efficiency.This study was conducted along two main axes.The first axis focuses on designing a digital twin for a residential community microgrid platform.This phase involves data collection,cleaning,exploration,and interpretation.Moreover,it includes replicating the functionality of the real platform and validating the results.The second axis involves the development of a novel approach that incorporates two distinct prosumer behaviors within the same community microgrid,while maintaining the concept of peer-to-peer energy trading.Prosumers without storage utilize their individual PV systems to fulfill their energy requirements and inject excess energy into a local microgrid.Meanwhile,a single prosumer with a storage system actively engages in energy exchange to maximize the community’s profit.This is achieved by optimizing battery usage using a cost optimization solution.The proposed solution is validated using the developed digital twin. 展开更多
关键词 energy management system(EMS) cost optimization Digital twin Photovoltaic systems MICROGRID
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THE EXISTENCE OF PSEUDOHARMONIC MAPS FOR SMALL HORIZONTAL ENERGY
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作者 Biqiang ZHAO 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第5期1955-1964,共10页
In this paper,we consider pseudoharmonic heat flow with small initial horizontal energy and give the existence of pseudoharmonic maps from closed pseudo-Hermitian manifolds into closed Riemannian manifolds.
关键词 pseudoharmonic map pseudoharmonic heat flow small horizontal energy
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Robust optimal dispatch strategy of integrated energy system considering CHP-P2G-CCS
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作者 Bin Zhang Yihui Xia Xiaotao Peng 《Global Energy Interconnection》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期14-24,共11页
Integrated energy systems(IESs)can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions,essential for achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.This study investigated the characteristics of the CHP model... Integrated energy systems(IESs)can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions,essential for achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.This study investigated the characteristics of the CHP model considering P2G and carbon capture systems,and a two-stage robust optimization model of the electricity-heat-gascold integrated energy system was developed.First,a CHP model considering the P2G and carbon capture system was established,and the electric-thermal coupling characteristics and P2G capacity constraints of the model were derived,which proved that the model could weaken the electric-thermal coupling characteristics,increase the electric power regulation range,and reduce carbon emissions.Subsequently,a two-stage robust optimal scheduling model of an IES was constructed,in which the objective function in the day-ahead scheduling stage was to minimize the start-up and shutdown costs.The objective function in the real-time scheduling stage was to minimize the equipment operating costs,carbon emission costs,wind curtailment,and solar curtailment costs,considering multiple uncertainties.Finally,after the objective function is linearized with a ψ-piecewise method,the model is solved based on the C&CG algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively absorb renewable energy and reduce the total cost of the system. 展开更多
关键词 Combined heat and power Power-to-gas Carbon capture system Integrated energy system Robust optimization
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Comparative Analysis of Energy Characteristics of Two Southwest Vortices in Sichuan Under Similar Circulation Backgrounds
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作者 周春花 张驹 肖红茹 《Journal of Tropical Meteorology》 SCIE 2024年第2期168-179,共12页
Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest v... Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest vortex in the warm-sector during a“rain-generated vortex”process and the deep southwest vortex in a“vortex-generated rain”process.The findings were as follows:(1)During the extreme rainstorm on August 11,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·11”process),intense surface heating and a high-energy unstable environment were observed.The mesoscale convergence system triggered convection to produce heavy rainfall,and the release of latent condensation heat generated by the rainfall promoted the formation of a southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy preceded the increase(decrease)in vorticity.By contrast,the extreme rainstorm on August 16,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·16”process)involved the generation of southwest vortex in a low-energy and highhumidity environment.The dynamic uplift of the southwest vortex triggered rainfall,and the release of condensation latent heat from rainfall further strengthened the development of the southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy exhibited a delayed progression compared to the increase(decrease)in vorticity.(2)The heating effect around the southwest vortex region was non-uniform,and the heating intensity varied in different stages.In the“8·11”process,the heating effect was the strongest in the initial stage,but weakened during the vortex's development.On the contrary,the heating effect was initially weak in the“8·16”process,and intensified during the development stage.(3)The available potential energy of the“8·11”process significantly increased in kinetic energy converted from rotational and divergent winds through baroclinic action,and the divergent wind energy continued to convert into rotational wind energy.By contrast,the“8·16”process involved the conversion of rotational wind energy into divergent wind energy,which in turn converted kinetic energy back into available potential energy,thereby impeding the further development and maintenance of the southwest vortex. 展开更多
关键词 southwest vortex similar circulation background diabatic heating kinetic energy spatial non-uniform heating effect
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Exploration and Application Practice of Energy Conservation Theory and Method in Steel Manufacturing Process System
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作者 Jiaxiang Hao Yuanyuan Wu 《Frontiers of Metallurgical Industry》 2024年第2期37-42,共6页
This article briefly discusses the theoretical basis and overall goals of energy conservation in the steel manufacturing process system.It is proposed that in the process of implementing system energy conservation,it ... This article briefly discusses the theoretical basis and overall goals of energy conservation in the steel manufacturing process system.It is proposed that in the process of implementing system energy conservation,it is necessary to fully recognize and utilize the characteristics and functional advantages of the steel manufacturing process,pay more attention to energy quality,firmly grasp the overall goal of system optimization,focus on the integrated optimization of gas,steam,and waste heat systems,and propose the idea of constructing a"steel chemi-cal gas electricity heating cooling multi generation system".Based on practice,the main principles,models,and effects of implementing systematic energy conservation in steel enterprises have been proposed. 展开更多
关键词 steel manufacturing process system energy-saving system optimization energy conservation and emis-sion reduction waste heat and energy generation POLYGENERATION
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Analysis and Prospect of Waste Heat Utilization from Blast Furnace Slag Flushing
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作者 Shenqin Zhang Junyi Qing 《Frontiers of Metallurgical Industry》 2024年第2期15-20,共6页
Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save ... Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application. 展开更多
关键词 blast furnace slag flushing waste heat utilization comprehensive cascade utilization energy saving and water-saving
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A comparative study of the land-atmosphere energy and water exchanges over the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze River Region
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作者 Nan Yao Yaoming Ma +3 位作者 Binbin Wang Jun Zou Jianning Sun Zhipeng Xie 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2024年第2期52-59,共8页
正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8... 正确认识不同区域能量和水分循环特征是研究局地地气相互作用及准确预测区域天气,气候变化的关键.为了研究属于干旱/半干旱气候的青藏高原(TP)和湿润/半湿润气候的长江流域(YRR)之间地表能量和水分交换的异同,本文对比分析了两个区域8个不同地表类型(包括高山荒漠,高山草地,(平原)城市和(平原)草地等)观测站点的地表辐射和能量通量数据.结果显示:(1)TP由于高原大气层稀薄且空气洁净,年平均入射短波辐射为251.3W m^(-2),是YRR的1.7倍.加之高原地表反照率高导致反射辐射(59.6 W m^(-2))是YRR的2.87倍.入射及出射的长波辐射为231.5和338.0 W m^(-2),分别为YRR的0.64和0.83.而两个区域的净辐射差异不大;(2)草地站更多的潜热释放使得地表总加热效率高于城市和高山荒漠,TP和YRR的草地站的年平均潜热分别为35.0和38.8 W m^(-2),而植被稀疏且土壤干燥的高山荒漠地区感热最大,年平均感热为42.1 W m^(-2);其次是城市下垫面,其年平均感热为37.7 W m^(-2).研究结果揭示了不同气候背景下典型下垫面地气相互作用特征,为地气相互作用过程深入分析奠定了基础. 展开更多
关键词 能量和水分交换 辐射分量 地表能量通量 青藏高原 长江流域 不同地表类型
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Experimental study and energy saving analysis of a novel radiant ceiling heating system 被引量:1
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作者 汪峰 梁彩华 张小松 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2015年第1期118-123,共6页
In order to have an in-depth understanding of the metal ceiling radiant panel with capillary tubes, a radiant ceiling heating system is constructed to study the actual heating performance and thermal comfort by experi... In order to have an in-depth understanding of the metal ceiling radiant panel with capillary tubes, a radiant ceiling heating system is constructed to study the actual heating performance and thermal comfort by experiments. In addition, the energy saving potential of the novel heating system is discussed in terms of the COP (coefficient of performance) of the ground source heat pump and the exergy efficiency of the radiant terminal. The results indicate that the heating system shows high thermal stability and thermal comfort. When the system reaches a stable condition, the radiant heat transfer accounts for 62.7% of the total heat transfer, and the total heat transfer can meet the heating demands of most buildings. Compared to a radiant floor heating system, it offers advantages in a shorter preheating time, a lower supply water temperature and a stronger heating capability. The COP of the ground source heat pump is increased greatly when the supply water temperature is 28 to 33 ℃, and the exergy efficiency of the metal ceiling with capillary tubes is 1.6 times that of the radiant floor when the reference temperature is 5 ℃ The novel radiant ceiling heating system shows a tremendous energy saving potential. 展开更多
关键词 radiant heating system capillary tube heatingperformance energy saving exergy efficiency
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Thermal comfort assessment and energy consumption analysis of ground-source heat pump system combined with radiant heating/cooling 被引量:1
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作者 路诗奎 张小松 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2012年第1期52-57,共6页
A new ground source heat pump system combined with radiant heating/cooling is proposed, and the principles and the advantages of the system are analyzed. A demonstration of the system is applied to a rebuilt building... A new ground source heat pump system combined with radiant heating/cooling is proposed, and the principles and the advantages of the system are analyzed. A demonstration of the system is applied to a rebuilt building: Xijindu exhibition hall, which is located in Zhenjiang city in China. Numerical studies on the thermal comfort and energy consumption of the system are carded out by using TRNSYS software. The results indicate that the system with the radiant floor method or the radiant ceiling method shows good thermal comfort without mechanical ventilation in winter. However, the system with either of the methods should add mechanical ventilation to ensure good comfort in summer. At the same level of thermal comfort, it can also be found that the annual energy consumption of the radiant ceiling system is less than that of the radiant floor system. 展开更多
关键词 ground-source heat pump radiant heating/cooling thermal comfort energy consumption
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Energy saving analysis of a hybrid ground-coupled heat pump project
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作者 陈九法 薛琴 +1 位作者 乔卫来 安二铭 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2010年第2期177-181,共5页
A hybrid ground-coupled heat pump(HGCHP)project in Nanjing,China is chosen to analyze the building energy-consumption properties in terms of different control strategies,building envelope and the terminal air-condit... A hybrid ground-coupled heat pump(HGCHP)project in Nanjing,China is chosen to analyze the building energy-consumption properties in terms of different control strategies,building envelope and the terminal air-conditioning system.The HGCHP uses a supplemental heat rejecter to dissipate extra thermal energy to guarantee underground soil heat balance.The software EnergyPlus is employed to simulate the project and design the heat flow of the cooling tower and the borehole heat exchanger(BHE).Then two feasible control strategies for the cooling tower and the borehole heat exchanger are proposed.The energy-saving potential of the building envelope is analyzed in terms of the surface color of the wall/roof.With the same terminal system,it is found that in the cooling season the heat flow of the insulated building with black wall/roof is 1.2 times more than that with white wall/roof.With the same insulated building and gray wall/roof,it is concluded that the heat pump units for a primary air fan-coil system show an annual energy consumption increase of 44.7 GJ compared with a radiant floor system. 展开更多
关键词 hybrid ground-coupled heat pump borehole heat exchanger energy saving
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Shelf-cultivation of Strawberry with Mulch and Heat Preservation Technology with Natural Energy
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作者 霍恒志 陈金玉 +4 位作者 朱庆峰 万春雁 陈丙义 李金凤 糜林 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第7期1540-1543,共4页
It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in... It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in transporting hot water through solar energy. The combination of the two methods resolved the issue of heat preservation difficulty and guaranteed growth of strawberry in winter. 展开更多
关键词 STRAWBERRY Shelf-cultivation MULCH Natural energy heat preservation technology
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Impact of material and energy flow variation-based iron /steel ratio on production cost
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作者 陆彪 陈光 +2 位作者 陈德敏 虞维平 丁毅 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2015年第3期375-379,共5页
This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel enterprise.The variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount... This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel enterprise.The variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount of molten iron,is analyzed,and the concept of a steel scrap threshold price is proposed.According to the analysis results,when the steel scrap unit price exceeds the steel scrap threshold price, an increase in the iron/steel ratio can reduce the production cost,and vice versa.When the gap between the steel scrap unit price and the steel scrap threshold price is relatively large, the impact of the iron/steel ratio on the production cost is more prominent.According to the calculation example,when steel production is fixed (284 358 t/month)and the steel scrap unit price is 263.2 yuan/t more than the steel scrap threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 750 000 yuan (2.63 yuan/t).When the amount of molten iron is fixed (270 425 t/month)and the steel scrap unit price is 140.7 yuan/t more than the threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 430 000 yuan (1.5 yuan/t).The results indicate that iron and steel enterprise should adjust the production strategy in time when the scrap price fluctuates, and then the production cost will be reduced. 展开更多
关键词 iron/steel ratio material flow energy flow model of production cost steel scrap threshold price
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CGE model-based analysis of the neutralized hybrid carbon policy and its decomposed effects on economic growth,carbon reduction,and energy utilization costs 被引量:7
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作者 Rui Sun Dan Kuang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2015年第1期43-54,共12页
The hybrid policy is a flexible policy tool that combines features of carbon trading and carbon taxation.Its economic and environmental effects under China's background are still not studied in detail.Given the ex... The hybrid policy is a flexible policy tool that combines features of carbon trading and carbon taxation.Its economic and environmental effects under China's background are still not studied in detail.Given the exogenous carbon reduction targets,carbon prices,and carbon tax-rates,by computable general equilibrium modeling methods and factor decomposition methods,this article investigates direct and cascaded effects of the hybrid policy on economic growth,energy utilization,and carbon emission on the national level and the sector level,with China's national input-output data-set.Stepwisely,policy scenarios with irrational estimated results are selectively excluded based on comprehensive evaluation among economic,carbon reduction and other policy targets.As a result,against national economic conditions in 2007,the hybrid policy,with a carbon reduction target of -10%,a carbon tax-rate of around $10,and a ceiling carbon price of $40,is highly recommended,because of its significant lower economic loss,lower energy utilization cost,and practical robustness against fluctuation of energy market and carbon market.Furthermore,by decomposition analysis,carbon reduction-related costs are decomposed into a direct part that includes carbon allowance price and carbon tax,and an indirect part as the energy price incremental induced by direct carbon costs.Gross carbon reduction may be decomposed into three parts such as energy intensity,economic scale,and technical progress.And,carbon taxation is the main policy tool that stimulates to improve the energy efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 hybrid POLICY CGE modeling CARBON TAXATION CARBON TRADING energy utilization cost
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Estimation of ground heat flux and its impact on the surface energy budget for a semi-arid grassland 被引量:11
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作者 JinQing Zuo JieMin Wang +3 位作者 JianPing Huang WeiJing Li GuoYin Wang HongLi Ren 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 2011年第1期41-50,共10页
Three approaches, i.e., the harmonic analysis (HA) technique, the thermal diffusion equation and correction (TDEC) method, and the calorimetric method used to estimate ground heat flux, are evaluated by using obse... Three approaches, i.e., the harmonic analysis (HA) technique, the thermal diffusion equation and correction (TDEC) method, and the calorimetric method used to estimate ground heat flux, are evaluated by using observations from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) in July, 2008. The calorimetric method, which involves soil heat flux measurement with an HFP01SC self-calibrating heat flux plate buried at a depth of 5 cm and heat storage in the soil between the plate and the surface, is here called the ITHP approach. The results show good linear relationships between the soil heat fluxes measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate and those calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method, respectively, at a depth of 5 cm. The soil heat fluxes calculated with the latter two methods well follow the phase measured with the HFP01SC heat flux plate. The magnitudes of the soil heat flux calculated with the HA technique and the TDEC method are close to each other, and they are about 2 percent and 6 percent larger than the measured soil heat flux, respectively, which mainly occur during the nighttime. Moreover, the ground heat fluxes calculated with the TDEC method and the HA technique are highly correlated with each other (R2= 0.97), and their difference is only about 1 percent. The TDEC-calculated ground heat flux also has a good linear relationship with the ITttP-calculated ground heat flux (R2 = 0.99), but their difference is larger (about 9 percent). Furthermore, compared to the HFP01SC direct measurements at a depth of 5 cm, the ground heat flux calculated with the HA technique, the TDEC method, and the ITHP approach can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 percent, 7 percent, and 6 percent at SACOL site, respectively. Therefore, the contribution of ground heat flux to the surface energy budget is very important for the semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau in China. Using turbulent heat fluxes with common corrections, soil heat storage between the surface and the heat flux plate can improve the surface energy budget closure by about 6 to 7 percent, resulting in a closure of 82 to 83 percent at the SACOL site. 展开更多
关键词 soil heat flux harmonic analysis TDEC method self-calculating heat flux plate surface energy budget
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Initiative Optimization Operation Strategy and Multi-objective Energy Management Method for Combined Cooling Heating and Power 被引量:4
20
作者 Feng Zhao Chenghui Zhang Bo Sun 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI 2016年第4期385-393,共9页
This paper proposed an initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method for combined cooling heating and power U+0028 CCHP U+0029 with storage systems. Initially, the initiative ... This paper proposed an initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method for combined cooling heating and power U+0028 CCHP U+0029 with storage systems. Initially, the initiative optimization operation strategy of CCHP system in the cooling season, the heating season and the transition season was formulated. The energy management of CCHP system was optimized by the multi-objective optimization model with maximum daily energy efficiency, minimum daily carbon emissions and minimum daily operation cost based on the proposed initiative optimization operation strategy. Furthermore, the pareto optimal solution set was solved by using the niche particle swarm multi-objective optimization algorithm. Ultimately, the most satisfactory energy management scheme was obtained by using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution U+0028 TOPSIS U+0029 method. A case study of CCHP system used in a hospital in the north of China validated the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the satisfactory energy management scheme of CCHP system was obtained based on this initiative optimization operation strategy and multi-objective energy management method. The CCHP system has achieved better energy efficiency, environmental protection and economic benefits. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation. 展开更多
关键词 CARBON COOLING Cooling systems energy efficiency energy management heatING Multiobjective optimization OPTIMIZATION Pareto principle
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