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Playing against Hedge
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作者 Miltiades E. Anagnostou Maria A. Lambrou 《International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences》 2014年第12期497-507,共11页
Hedge has been proposed as an adaptive scheme, which guides the player’s hand in a multi-armed bandit full information game. Applications of this game exist in network path selection, load distribution, and network i... Hedge has been proposed as an adaptive scheme, which guides the player’s hand in a multi-armed bandit full information game. Applications of this game exist in network path selection, load distribution, and network interdiction. We perform a worst case analysis of the Hedge algorithm by using an adversary, who will consistently select penalties so as to maximize the player’s loss, assuming that the adversary’s penalty budget is limited. We further explore the performance of binary penalties, and we prove that the optimum binary strategy for the adversary is to make greedy decisions. 展开更多
关键词 hedge ALGORITHM Adversary Online ALGORITHM GREEDY ALGORITHM PERIODIC Performance Binary PENALTIES Path Selection Network Interdiction
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Hedge Trimmer句子压缩技术的算法实现及改进 被引量:1
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作者 景秀丽 《沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2012年第4期519-524,共6页
压缩技术旨在模拟人类的文本概括和信息提取能力。句子压缩技术是自动生成能够保留原句核心内容的,合乎语法的,语义连贯的简短句子。文章分析了英文句子压缩技术中基于句法分析的Hedge Trimmer压缩技术,讨论了相关压缩理论,探索其压缩... 压缩技术旨在模拟人类的文本概括和信息提取能力。句子压缩技术是自动生成能够保留原句核心内容的,合乎语法的,语义连贯的简短句子。文章分析了英文句子压缩技术中基于句法分析的Hedge Trimmer压缩技术,讨论了相关压缩理论,探索其压缩过程并用类C语言进行算法实现。提出了好的压缩句应该至少满足以下3个标准:第一是保留原句的核心内容,第二是具有正确的语法,第三是压缩长度合理。在算法的评估工作中,从DUC 2003语料库中选取了624个原始句子和对应的人工压缩句,与Hedge Trimmer压缩算法自动生成的压缩句进行对照分析。发现5种压缩效果不理想的情况,分析其原因并提出了改进策略。最后,通过实例对改进算法生成的压缩句和原来算法生成的压缩句进行对比评估,证明了改良算法能够获得更理想的压缩句。在英文句子压缩领域,改良的Hedge Trimmer句子压缩算法值得推广和应用。 展开更多
关键词 句子压缩 hedge Trimmer算法 评估 改进
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Enabling weakened hedges in linguistic multi-criteria decision making
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作者 王海 徐泽水 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2016年第1期125-131,共7页
A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as "more or less" and "roughly" in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based o... A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as "more or less" and "roughly" in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based on the semantics of terms on the domain. Then, the hedges can be represented after the upper and loose upper approximations of a linguistic term are derived. Accordingly, some compact formulae can be derived for the semantics of linguistic expressions with hedges. Parameters in these formulae are objectively determined according to the semantics of original terms. The proposed model presents a more natural way to express the decision information under uncertainties and its semantics is clear. The proposed model is clarified by solving the problem of evaluation and selection of sustainable innovative energy technologies. Computational results demonstrate that the model can deal with various uncertainties of the problem. Finally, the model is compared with existing techniques and extended to the case when the semantics of terms are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. 展开更多
关键词 decision making multi-criteria decision making linguistic term sets linguistic hedges similarity relation
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论言语中的Hedges
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作者 李茹 《黔南民族师范学院学报》 2005年第1期67-70,共4页
Hedge是一种极具特殊性的语言表达,许多语言学家研究发现它广泛地用于女性语体中。从语用角度来讲,它也是一种极其重要的表达手段,并充分体现言语交际中应遵守的合作原则和礼貌原则,同时在特定的语境下蓄含特殊的意义,它的主要用途。
关键词 hedge 合作原则 礼貌原则
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A Longitudinal Study of Hedges in Different Moves of EMRAs
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作者 寇英 《海外英语》 2013年第4X期228-231,共4页
This paper investigates the evolutionary change in the OF(OF) of hedges in different moves of EMRAs(EMRAs).Two corpora are established for longitudinal study,with Corpus A consisting of EMRAs from 1990-1994 and Corpus... This paper investigates the evolutionary change in the OF(OF) of hedges in different moves of EMRAs(EMRAs).Two corpora are established for longitudinal study,with Corpus A consisting of EMRAs from 1990-1994 and Corpus B from 2005-2009.Generally,no significant change has been found in overall use of hedges.However,apart from move 6,7 and 10,we have found some interesting changes in the other moves.On the one hand,the OF of hedges in move 1,move 3,move 4 and move 5 shows a significant increase.On the other hand,the OF of hedges in move 2,8,9 and move 11 show a significant decrease. 展开更多
关键词 longitudinal STUDY hedgeS MOVES EMRAs
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Tracking market and non-traditional sources of risks in procyclical and countercyclical hedge fund strategies under extreme scenarios:a nonlinear VAR approach 被引量:1
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作者 François-Éric Racicot Raymond Théoret 《Financial Innovation》 2022年第1期696-751,共56页
The subprime crisis was quite damaging for hedge funds.Using the local projection method(Jordà2004,2005,2009),we forecast the dynamic responses of the betas of hedge fund strategies to macroeconomic and financial... The subprime crisis was quite damaging for hedge funds.Using the local projection method(Jordà2004,2005,2009),we forecast the dynamic responses of the betas of hedge fund strategies to macroeconomic and financial shocks—especially volatility and illiquidity shocks—over the subprime crisis in order to investigate their market timing activities.In a robustness check,using TVAR(Balke 2000),we simulate the reaction of hedge fund strategies’betas in extreme scenarios allowing moderate and strong adverse shocks.Our results show that the behavior of hedge fund strategies regarding the monitoring of systematic risk is highly nonlinear in extreme scenarios—especially during the subprime crisis.We find that countercyclical strategies have an investment technology which differs from procyclical ones.During crises,the former seek to capture non-traditional risk premia by deliberately increasing their systematic risk while the later focus more on minimizing risk.Our results suggest that the hedge fund strategies’betas respond more to illiquidity uncertainty than to illiquidity risk during crises.We find that illiquidity and VIX shocks are the major drivers of systemic risk in the hedge fund industry. 展开更多
关键词 hedge fund PROCYCLICALITY Illiquidity risk shock Illiquidity uncertainty shock Local projection model TVAR Optimal forecast Measurement errors
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Improving Accuracy of Estimating Two-Qubit States with Hedged Maximum Likelihood 被引量:1
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作者 殷琪 项国勇 +1 位作者 李传锋 郭光灿 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第3期1-5,共5页
As a widely used reconstruction algorithm in quantum state tomography, maximum likelihood estimation tends to assign a rank-deficient matrix, which decreases estimation accuracy for certain quantum states. Fortunately... As a widely used reconstruction algorithm in quantum state tomography, maximum likelihood estimation tends to assign a rank-deficient matrix, which decreases estimation accuracy for certain quantum states. Fortunately, hedged maximum likelihood estimation (HMLE) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010)200504] was proposed to avoid this problem. Here we study more details about this proposal in the two-qubit case and further improve its performance. We ameliorate the HMLE method by updating the hedging function based on the purity of the estimated state. Both performances of HMLE and ameliorated HMLE are demonstrated by numerical simulation and experimental implementation on the Werner states of polarization-entangled photons. 展开更多
关键词 MLE Improving Accuracy of Estimating Two-Qubit States with hedged Maximum Likelihood
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Pragmatic Functions of Hedges in Business Letters
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作者 刘璐璐 《海外英语》 2013年第14期249-251,共3页
The aim of the present research to explore the hedges used English business letters. Several samples have been chosen to make qualitative study in order to achieve the goal of answering the following question: what ar... The aim of the present research to explore the hedges used English business letters. Several samples have been chosen to make qualitative study in order to achieve the goal of answering the following question: what are the pragmatic functions of hedges being used in business letters? After analyzing the samples, the conclusion could be came that the employment of hedges in business letters has three pragmatic functions-giving the right amount of information, being polite and self-production. 展开更多
关键词 hedgeS BUSINESS LETTERS PRAGMATIC FUNCTION
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Hedge fund replication using strategy specific factors
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作者 Sujit Subhash David Enke 《Financial Innovation》 2019年第1期179-197,共19页
Hedge funds have traditionally served wealthy individuals and institutional investors with the promise of delivering protection of capital and uncorrelated positive returns irrespective of market direction,allowing th... Hedge funds have traditionally served wealthy individuals and institutional investors with the promise of delivering protection of capital and uncorrelated positive returns irrespective of market direction,allowing them to better manage portfolio risk.However,the financial crisis of 2008 has heightened investor sensitivity to the high fees,illiquidity,lack of transparency,and lockup periods typically associated with hedge funds.Hedge fund replication products,or clones,seek to answer these challenges by providing daily liquidity,transparency,and immediate exposure to a desired hedge fund strategy.Nonetheless,although lowering cost and adding simplicity by using a common set of factors,traditional replication products might offer lower risk-reward performance compared to hedge funds.This research explores hedge fund replication further by examining the importance of constructing clones with specific factors relevant to each hedge fund strategy,and then compares the strategy specific clone risk and reward performance against both actual hedge fund performance and hedge fund clones constructed using a more general set of common factors.Testing shows that using strategy specific factors to replicate common hedge fund strategies can offer superior risk-reward performance compared to previous general model clones. 展开更多
关键词 hedge funds hedge fund replication Regression Trading strategies Strategy specific factors
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A Study of Hedges in Pride and Prejudice
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作者 LU Yuwen GAO Wencheng 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2019年第8期336-341,共6页
Human language is fuzzy,which can be reflected by hedges.Prince has divided hedges into adaptor,rounder,plausibility shields,and attribution shields.In a dialogue,hedges can protect face of the speakers and relieve so... Human language is fuzzy,which can be reflected by hedges.Prince has divided hedges into adaptor,rounder,plausibility shields,and attribution shields.In a dialogue,hedges can protect face of the speakers and relieve some of the speaker’s responsibilities as well as make linguistic expressions more implicit,polite,and flexible.Based on this classification,the paper analyzes some typical hedges and their functions used in the dialogues of the novel Pride and Prejudice,so as to have a deeper understanding of the major characters and the theme of the novel. 展开更多
关键词 FUZZY LANGUAGE PRIDE and PREJUDICE hedgeS
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A Critical Discourse Analysis of Hedges in Chinese and American Spokespersons’ Remarks at Press Conference
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作者 GAO Ting 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2020年第7期584-590,共7页
Hedging is a communication strategy frequently used by the spokespersons at the press conference.This thesis intends to find out the ideologies hidden behind those hedges under the guidance of Fairclough’s three-dime... Hedging is a communication strategy frequently used by the spokespersons at the press conference.This thesis intends to find out the ideologies hidden behind those hedges under the guidance of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model.As a research method of linguistics,critical discourse analysis(CDA)aims to reveal the the relationship among language,power and ideology hidden behind the language.This thesis adopts Prince’classification criteria of hedges to identify and count the different types of hedges in the research data selected from Chinese and American government websites.The analysis is conducted at the following three steps:description,interpretation and explanation.The first stage is to recognize and count the hedges in two languages,then to find their similarities and differences and the last step is to find possible reasons for those similarities and differences and the ideologies behind the hedges.Analysis results show that differences in culture values and diplomatic ideology contribute to the different ideologies. 展开更多
关键词 critical discourse analysis spokesperson’s remarks hedge Fairclough’s three-dimensional model IDEOLOGY
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A Corpus-Based Study of Hedges in News Report—A Case Study of COVID-19 in China Daily
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作者 WANG Jia-ni 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2021年第2期99-104,共6页
Hedges refer to the speakers who deliberately make the language more vague or clear in order to achieve its target language form.The initial COVID-19 in 2020 is a global epidemic,and people who stay at home relying on... Hedges refer to the speakers who deliberately make the language more vague or clear in order to achieve its target language form.The initial COVID-19 in 2020 is a global epidemic,and people who stay at home relying on Internet media channels to obtain information.People are more likely to take news media as the prior measure to contact with the information.COVID-19 news is closely related to people’s daily life.COVID-19 news requires accuracy and high expression of language,and it is easy for readers to find out that reporters use a large number of hedges in COVID-19 news articles.This paper intends to conduct a self-built micro corpus so as to explore the use of hedges in COVID-19 news.Based on this research purpose,this article focuses on solving two problems:(1).The similarities and differences in the frequency and distribution of hedges in COVID-19 news;(2).The pragmatic and public opinion functions of hedges in the news of the COVID-19 epidemic.The result of the study indicated that a great number of hedges are used in the COVID-19 news.According to Prince’s classification of Hedges from the perspective of pragmatics,the distribution and frequency of different types of hedges are various.Reports sometimes manipulate the usage of hedges,change their heddging functions to protect the image of countries,enhance reader’s confidence and guide a favorable environment to society. 展开更多
关键词 hedgeS COVID-19 CORPUS public opinion China Daily
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Analyzing "Fuzziness" of Hedges and Its Function in "Filter Cup" English Public Speaking Contest
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作者 刘雪婷 《International English Education Research》 2017年第2期105-107,共3页
In recent years, numerous scholars have attached much importance to the pragmatic function of hedges and associated it with daily life. Scholars have conducted a lot of research on how hedges function in news broadcas... In recent years, numerous scholars have attached much importance to the pragmatic function of hedges and associated it with daily life. Scholars have conducted a lot of research on how hedges function in news broadcast, interview, trial, commercial negotiation, language teaching, entertainment, etc. However, there is still no research on its application in Public Speaking Contest (hereinafter referred to as PSC ). PSC is usually regarded as a great annual event for students. In order to analyze the efficiency of hedges in PSC to help students to he skirted in the application of different hedges, this article wiU analyze characteristics of hedges by the comparison with the relevant concept like probability and vagueness; then some scholars' approach of classifieation will be introduced; lastly, it will analyze different function of hedges under the context of some articles in"Filter Cup"English Public Speaking Contest. Adaptors can make the expression more polite and tact; rounders can make speaker' s information more believable and show his sincere attitude for judges; plausibility shields can show thoughtful and clear-headed property; attribution shields can help to avoid the responsibility for a fault. 展开更多
关键词 hedgeS VAGUENESS classification pragmatic functions speaking contest
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A Book Review of Hedges in Chinese-English Conference Interpreting:A Corpus-based Discourse Analysis of Interpreters’Role Deviations
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作者 ZOU Bing 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2022年第10期1047-1050,共4页
Hedges is widely employed in conference interpreting and can be used to unveil interpreters’role deviation.However,few empirical studies have been made to explore conference interpreters’role deviation through the u... Hedges is widely employed in conference interpreting and can be used to unveil interpreters’role deviation.However,few empirical studies have been made to explore conference interpreters’role deviation through the use of hedges.This piece of book review offers a comprehensive examination of the book on interpreters’role deviation in interpreting at Chinese government press conferences from conceptual,methodological and empirical aspects.With in-depth discussion on some critical aspects covered by the volume,the book review can help readers to gain a more nuanced understanding on the relationship between the use of hedges and interpreters’role deviation. 展开更多
关键词 hedgeS conference interpreter role deviation
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A Sociolinguistic Analysis on Hedges
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作者 刘芳 《长春理工大学学报(社会科学版)》 2005年第1期39-40,共2页
Hedges was first put forward by George Lakoff in 1972.He mainly researched the meaning criteria and fuzzy logic of hedges. Later other linguists have begun to talk about the social function of hedges, which makes this... Hedges was first put forward by George Lakoff in 1972.He mainly researched the meaning criteria and fuzzy logic of hedges. Later other linguists have begun to talk about the social function of hedges, which makes this research more comprehensive. The social function of hedges is relatively more practical for us. Only when we know it, can we use hedges in appropriate terms according to our gender, social status, profession and definite occasions. 展开更多
关键词 hedgeS VAGUENESS tentativeness LANGUAGE hedgeS and GENDER
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A pragmatic analysis of hedges in the Big Bang Theory as adaptation to the communication context
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作者 李莎莎 《现代盐化工》 2019年第3期195-196,共2页
As one kind of important discourse marker in daily life,hedge is often used by communicators and it is also one of pragmatic strategies and means.However,in terms of studies on hedges at home and abroad so far,they ha... As one kind of important discourse marker in daily life,hedge is often used by communicators and it is also one of pragmatic strategies and means.However,in terms of studies on hedges at home and abroad so far,they have been mainly done in the practical discourses of the fields of business negotiations,diplomatic language,etc.,and the studies on hedges in the film are few.As a typical life sitcom,The Big Bang Theory has been made lots of studies by researchers,which are mainly about humorous discourses or language translation in it.Therefore,this paper selects some episodes from The Big Bang Theory to discuss the usage of hedges as adaptation to the communication context,including the physical world,the social world,and the mental world so as to help people use hedges more accurately in daily life. 展开更多
关键词 hedgeS COMMUNICATION CONTEXT BIG Bang Theory
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生态学整合分析中两种常用效应值的实例应用比较 被引量:8
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作者 郑凤英 彭少麟 《生态科学》 CSCD 2005年第3期250-253,共4页
整合分析(meta-analysis)是对同一主题下多个独立实验结果进行综合的统计学方法,被认为是到目前为止最好的数量综合方法,其统计量为效应值,反应比(InR)和Hedges'd值是生态学应用中最常用的两个效应值。以综合植物生理生态学指标对大... 整合分析(meta-analysis)是对同一主题下多个独立实验结果进行综合的统计学方法,被认为是到目前为止最好的数量综合方法,其统计量为效应值,反应比(InR)和Hedges'd值是生态学应用中最常用的两个效应值。以综合植物生理生态学指标对大气CO2浓度倍增响应为实例,比较这两种效应值的不同之处。采用两种效应值指标会对同一个生理生态指标产生不同的总效应值大小,有时甚至会改变效应值的方向;InR相对Hedges'd更易产生正效应值;Hedges'd 较InR可拉大不同生理生态指标之间总效应值的差异;Hedges'd具有正负效应对称性,而InR却具有正负效应的不对称性。 展开更多
关键词 整合分析 效应值 INR hedges’d
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向极限挑战的高性能磨削技术发展及其在航空制造领域的应用前景 被引量:3
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作者 金滩 何训 +1 位作者 王其荣 尚振涛 《航空制造技术》 CSCD 北大核心 2022年第9期20-33,共14页
磨削加工是精密与超精密零部件加工质量保证的关键环节,在航空制造领域应用广泛。磨削技术目前已发展成为兼具高精度、高质量和高效率的加工技术,在获得极高加工效率的同时,还有利于保证零件加工精度和表面完整性。磨削技术不断突破传... 磨削加工是精密与超精密零部件加工质量保证的关键环节,在航空制造领域应用广泛。磨削技术目前已发展成为兼具高精度、高质量和高效率的加工技术,在获得极高加工效率的同时,还有利于保证零件加工精度和表面完整性。磨削技术不断突破传统工艺局限,已形成各具特色的高性能磨削工艺技术。高效深切磨削技术采用极高的砂轮线速度,结合大切深和高进给速度,可获得极高的磨削效率,而且加工表面完整性良好,在航空发动机高温合金叶片榫齿的高效成形磨削中显示了良好的效果。快速往复磨削工艺采用直线电机工作台直驱技术,可以实现很高的工作台进给速度,形成有利的传热条件,大部分磨削热可以被磨屑带离磨削区,能够获得较高的磨削效率和良好的表面完整性。快速点磨技术用于大深径比薄壁细长轴的磨削,有利于保证薄壁细长轴的加工精度,提升加工效率。缓进深切磨削技术用于发动机叶片榫齿的深切成形,磨削传热条件复杂,需要进一步开展大切深、复杂曲面接触条件下的磨削传热问题,不同接触条件的粗、精磨工艺设计,以及磨削过程智能监控与优化技术方面的研究。高效深切磨削工艺还可以实现航空铝合金的大去除率深切磨削。高速与超高速磨削技术在高体积分数碳化硅增强铝基复合材料、涡轮盘叶尖飞切磨削等不同领域,具有很好的应用前景。 展开更多
关键词 高效深切磨削(HEDG) 缓进给磨削(CFG) 快速往复磨削(HSSG) 快速点磨 叶片榫齿 薄壁细长轴
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环巴胺衍生物的研究进展 被引量:2
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作者 杨素勤 冯成亮 +1 位作者 王义成 吉民 《广州化工》 CAS 2013年第9期23-26,共4页
环巴胺是一种hedgehog信号通路抑制剂,对人类多种肿瘤细胞具有显著抑制作用,通过对环巴胺结构修饰及改造,有效地提高了其水溶性和抗肿瘤生物活性。本工作综述了近些年来对环巴胺结构修饰及改造的研究进展,并展望了环巴胺衍生物结构修饰... 环巴胺是一种hedgehog信号通路抑制剂,对人类多种肿瘤细胞具有显著抑制作用,通过对环巴胺结构修饰及改造,有效地提高了其水溶性和抗肿瘤生物活性。本工作综述了近些年来对环巴胺结构修饰及改造的研究进展,并展望了环巴胺衍生物结构修饰更多类型,未来在抗肿瘤方面发挥更大作用。 展开更多
关键词 环巴胺 hedge—hog信号通路 抗肿瘤活性
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高效深磨加工中热渗透和瞬态分析
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作者 徐慧蓉 徐海洋 +1 位作者 郭力 许世良 《精密制造与自动化》 2003年第4期33-35,共3页
本文研究了高效深磨技术中的热渗透。研究发现,在高效深磨(HEDG)加工中,工件的热渗透层很浅,随着工作速度的增加,磨削热趋于集中在工件的表层,而且加工中这个表层被快速的去除。从而传递给工件的热量较少,导致工件的磨削温度相当低。而... 本文研究了高效深磨技术中的热渗透。研究发现,在高效深磨(HEDG)加工中,工件的热渗透层很浅,随着工作速度的增加,磨削热趋于集中在工件的表层,而且加工中这个表层被快速的去除。从而传递给工件的热量较少,导致工件的磨削温度相当低。而对于长度较短的工件,可能达不到稳态条件,尤其在工作速度较低的情况下。 展开更多
关键词 深磨加工 热渗透 热模型 HEDG 磨削热 磨削温度
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