Geochemical distribution, fractionation, and sources of heavy metals in dammed-river sediments: the Longjiang River, Southern China

In the present study, six sediment cores were collected from six river-dammed reservoirs to reveal the geochemical distribution of heavy metals(As, Cd, Pb, Sb,and Zn) in the Longjiang River, South China, which is highly impacted by nonferrous metal mining and smelting activities. The sediments were geochemically characterized, combining geochemical analysis, sequential extractions, and210 Pb chronology. The results indicated that the river sediments were severely polluted by heavy metals in the order of Cd [ Zn & Pb & Sb [ As. These heavy metals generally exhibited relatively low enrichment in the upstream sediments because of the limited anthropogenic impact, but their abundances drastically increased in the midstream sediments due to local smelting activities. In downstream sediments, the heavy metal concentrations(except for Cd) decreased, owing to the effect of dam interception and detrital inputs. Cadmium levels tended to increase in downstream sediments, which were attributed to the intensive discharge of Cd during the pollution event in 2012. The sedimentary records were traced back to1985, and a significant decrease of heavy metal enrichments could be found after the year 2000, suggesting the enhancement of environmental management in this period.The statistical results indicated that local metal smelting and mining activities were the main anthropogenic contributors for the enrichment of heavy metals in the dammed-river sediments. High enrichment factor and nonresidual fractions of heavy metals in local sediments may pose a direct threat to aquatic organisms. Cd presents significant danger because of its extreme enrichment and high labile fractions.

Recovery time of macroinvertebrate community from Cd pollution in Longjiang River,Guangxi,China

Estimating recovery times from pollution incident is an important issue of targeted biomonitoring programs.In the present study,the impact and recovery of macroinvertebrate communities from a cadmium wastewater discharge in the Longjiang River,Guangxi,China,in early January 2012 were studied based on 83 samples collected in fi ve surveys within 20 months after the incident.The pollution aff ected seriously the local aquatic biota,and consequently,the invertebrate abundance and species richness were reduced considerably.Twelve months later,the taxonomic number of macroinvertebrates began to increase.However,sensitive taxa remained rare.Twenty months later,the taxon richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates increased signifi cantly compared to those in the previous four time points.To explore the possible time-scale over which pre-disturbance conditions might occur,we chose four diff erent typical metrics of taxa richness(total taxa number,cumulative taxa number,taxa number per samples,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index)and extrapolated modeled recovery trajectories.Target values for the four metrics were set at average values for sites from the nearby Lijiang River,which were used as a reference.Assuming a continued linear trajectory,the recovery times were estimated to be 52,39,39,and 31 months,respectively,which was roughly 3-5 years.This is consistent with results from recovery times from other studies of acute pollution cases,but contrasted strongly to the much longer recovery times associated with chronic pollution from groundwater contamination and mine-tailing runoff.

A New Genus of Paleonisciformes from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in Heilongjiang Province, China

We report a new genus and species of Paleonisciformes-Cretolepis dongbeiensis gen. et sp. nov.,from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. The new materials can be distinguished from other Paleonisciformes genera by possessing the following characteristics: a sclerotic ring composed of more than five small bones; three pieces of suborbitals; one dermohyomandibular;a jaw hanging apparently inclined anteriorly; long and tall horizontal branch of the preopercular, a short vertical branch, with the angle formed by the two branches slightly higher than 90°; a triangular dorsal fin in the middle point between the pelvic and anal fins. The discovery of Mesozoic Paleonisciformes in northeastern China adds to the biodiversity and geographic distribution of Paleonisciformes.

Heavy Metal Pollution Status and Health Risk Assessment in the Longjiang River

[Objectives] The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality of the Longjiang River in Guangxi. Concentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Zn,Pb and Cu) in the surface water of Longjiang River were analyzed to figure out the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in this area. [Methods]The Nemerow comprehensive index method and the health risk assessment model were adopted to evaluate the grade of Longjiang River water quality and the health risk level imposed by heavy metals in the water. [Results] The concentrations of heavy metals in each sampling point conformed to Grade-II water quality standard. The water samples collected on 13 sampling points of the Longjiang River were clean and not polluted by heavy metals. The health risk values of heavy metals As and Zn were greater than Cd,Pb and Cu in the Longjiang River,but still lower than the maximum acceptable risk level 5. 0 × 10^(-5)a^(-1). [Conclusions]Water quality condition reflected by the comprehensive pollution index and the health risk value of heavy metal was consistent in the Longjiang River,showing as that the value in middle and lower reaches was slightly higher than in the upper reaches. As is the major pollutant of water environment health risk in the Longjiang River,and it should be regarded as the key object of water environment risk management in Longjiang River.

Levels and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Longjiang Wetland in Binzhou City

Wetland is a unique habitat with great biodiversity and important ecological functions between land and water on the earth. With the irrational utilization of wetland resources, the ecological destruction and pollution of wetland are becoming more and more serious. To evaluate the pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of Longjiang Wetland in Binzhou City, chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the sediments were 5.3–13.6, 5.6–15.0, 16.6–33.0, 0.1–0.4 and 7.9–24.9 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in Longjiang Wetland was lower than soil background values of Shandong Province and in lower level compared with those reported in sediments/soils of wetlands in some other locations. Based on geo-accumulation index(Igeo), Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb showed low levels of contamination at all stations, while Cd was observed at a moderate pollution degree. Potential ecological risk factor(E_r^i) and risk index(RI) values showed low ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the wetland.

Main Characters of a New Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivar Longjiang 981 in Heilongjiang Tobacco-growing Area

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the main characters of a new flue-cured tobacco cultivar Longjiang 981 in Heilong Tobacco-growing area. [Method]With NC89 as the control, the agronomic traits, growth period characters, disease resistance, economic characters, appearance quality, chemical composition and sensory quality of Longjiang 981 were analyzed and evaluated. [Result] Under the ecological conditions in Heilongjiang tobacco-growing area, Longjiang 981 showed robust growth, good fertilizer tolerance and good baking adaptability. It was resistant to PVY, and moderately resistant to brown spot disease. The yield, grade index and output value index of Longjiang 981 were higher than those of NC89 by 12.29%,11.76% and 24.34%, respectively. The proportion of superior tobacco was increased by 5.40%. In addition, Longjiang 981 had good appearance. [Conclusion] Longjiang981 has relatively stable agronomic traits and high agricultural application. However,its potassium content, aroma quality, odor and irritation need to be improved or enhanced further.

Study on the Ecological Adaptability of Fluecured Tobacco Variety Longjiang237 in Heilongjiang Tobacco Area

The research explored indices of Longjiang237, including agronomic characters, characters in growth period, tolerance to diseases, economic characters, appearance quality, physical characters, chemical components, and sensory quality,with NC89 as a control. The results showed that Longjiang No.237, immune to TMV, grew strongly, with a long growth term, and had low demands on nitrogen.Besides, Longjiang237 takes advantages in terms of yield, grade index and output value index, which grew by 10.46%, 8.00% and 18.41%, respectively. Additionally,highlights should be given to potassium, aroma quality, odor, strength, irritation, and aftertaste of tobaccos.

名中医姜德友基于寒地致病因机特色论治冠心病经验

目的:总结姜德友教授基于东北寒地致病因机及寒地伏邪致病特点论治冠心病经验。认为外因寒燥、内伤痰热、气血不畅为东北寒地致病基本因机,加之寒地独特的气候环境,伏寒、伏风、伏郁、伏火等潜藏为患,以致疾病迁延难愈。其治,法当温润,治宜清化,逐其新痼,兼施通补,以自拟君络通为基,立足心脉之通达,分治以散寒温阳、祛风搜络,化痰祛瘀、活血开络,以通为补、理气畅络,益气生津、润燥复络之法,补其虚、祛其实,通心络、止痹痛。

基于东北振兴龙江特色产品直播营销创新研究

随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,直播电商作为一种新兴的商业模式,正以前所未有的速度改变着传统零售业的面貌。特别是在推动农产品上行、助力乡村振兴方面,直播电商展现出了巨大的潜力和优势。电商直播带货作为互联网发展的产物,逐渐进入大众的视野,影响着受众人群的消费方式,并逐渐替代原有的传统零售业。电商直播销售特色农产品已经成为推动农村地区经济发展的重要路径。以东北地区的龙江特色产品为研究对象,深入剖析直播营销在龙江特色产品销售中的实践应用、现存问题、创新策略及未来发展趋势。通过系统分析,文章旨在为龙江特色产品直播营销的创新发展提供全面、深入的理论支撑与实践指导,进一步推动东北地区的经济振兴与产业升级。

基于专病专药思维探析姜德友临证用药经验

姜德友教授认为专药是对某病、某症有特殊针对性疗效且可用以解决疾病主要矛盾的药物,临证处方中,姜教授在辨证定方后,常以专病专药思维为指导,对病或对症加用某一专药,以求捷效。其对专病专药思维的运用以象思维为引(如以蜈蚣治疗颈椎病、以百合治疗不寐、以地龙治疗血络瘀阻等)、以奇药为基(如以鬼针草治疗高血压、以卷柏治疗糖尿病、以预知子治疗肝气郁结等),往往能直中病所,疗效较好。附验案1则。

重点国有林区森林碳储量动态变化及增汇策略分析——以龙江森工为例

【目的】重点国有林区是中国实现碳中和目标的压舱石,研究其森林碳储量增汇动态尤为重要。【方法】基于2002年和2020年2个时点的森林资源二类调查与档案年度更新数据和相关文献资料,采用森林生物量扩展因子法,估算龙江森工及其所辖23个林业局和7个直属林场的森林碳储量与碳密度动态变化,利用生物量-林龄模型和最大碳密度估测固碳潜力,分析重点国有林区增汇策略。【结果】2002—2020年,(1)龙江森工碳储量提升,森林植被碳储量由189.23 TgC增加到333.43 TgC,增长了71.22%;(2)龙江森工森林植被以乔木林为主要固碳类型,且乔木林碳储量占比增大,由91.97%提升到99.77%,其中沾河林业局碳储量最高、绥阳林业局碳储量增量最大、丰林林场碳密度最高、穆棱林业局碳密度增长量最多;(3)龙江森工以混交林为主要固碳森林类型,且占比上涨,碳储量占比最大的为阔叶混交林,纯林中以蒙古栎林和落叶松林为主;(4)绝大部分森林类型的碳储量为净增加,各森林类型的碳密度呈现显著增加趋势,2020年不同树种的碳密度介于36.94~70.61 MgC/hm^(2),蒙古栎林为碳密度最大森林类型,落叶松林为碳密度增量最大森林类型;(5)从各林龄组来看,中龄林碳储量占比最大,碳密度和林龄呈正向增长;(6)通过预测分析,龙江森工碳储量到2030年可达到396.33 TgC、2060年可达到519.16 TgC;乔木林碳密度从2020年的59.64 MgC/hm^(2),分别增长到2030年的73.11 MgC/hm^(2)和2060年的95.76 MgC/hm^(2),增量呈现减弱的趋势。【结论】为进一步提高森林固碳增汇作用,应加强森林生态系统保护修复与可持续经营,由于造林扩碳潜力有限,重点在于开展森林质量精准提升经营提质增汇,并探索通过碳资源化利用将森林生态系统碳汇向木质林产品碳库转移的双汇协同提升途径。

新时代龙江文化振兴及国际传播研究

在东北多轮振兴的时代背景及战略指导下,“龙江文化”的时代内涵不断更新和丰富,其独特优势被不断强化。龙江文化是中国特色社会主义文化的重要组成部分,龙江文化传播的宗旨是服务东北振兴战略。“龙江文化”的国际传播既有助于中华民族向世界“讲好中国故事”,又有助于龙江提升自身的国际传播效能,以文化传播助力地区持续、长久的发展。新时代龙江文化的关键内涵是“振兴文化”,充分体现了以人民为中心的振兴战略实施效果。新时代龙江文化国际传播需要文化经济互相借力、共谋进步及创新制定个性化传播模型。

乡村振兴需求下数字媒体技术服务龙江经济实践研究

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,数字媒体技术作为新时代的产物,以其独特的方式为乡村振兴提供了强有力的支持。黑龙江农业工程职业学院数字媒体专业师生共同组建“赶集”团队,投入到乡村振兴的恢宏建设中去。拓展乡村经济发展方向,带动城乡文化融合发展,服务乡村数字经济建设,走出一条数字媒体专业与地方经济发展有效对接的“三个扎根”之路。为实现数字媒体技术助推乡村振兴战略的目标,应结合乡村振兴战略与数字媒体艺术的价值意蕴与关联要素,探究出科学的应对策略。

龙江韩氏妇科对“肝肾同源”理论的传承应用

“肝肾同源”最早见于《易经》,医学概念源自《黄帝内经》。五行中肝属木,肾属水,水生木,肾为肝之母,肝为肾之子,肝肾同源,乙癸同源,精血互生互化,二者在生理上互相联系,病理上互相影响。龙江韩氏妇科历代医家重视“肝肾同源”理论,发展并应用于指导临床。龙江韩式妇科奠基人韩百灵教授,最早提出“肝肾学说”,其子韩延华教授作为代表性传承人,在韩百灵教授的理论思想指导下,创新性提出“肝主冲任”理论,并创立百灵育阴汤、补肾活血调经汤和百灵调肝汤等代表性方剂,运用于临床不孕症、闭经和月经先后不定期的治疗中,取得良效。本文围绕“肝肾同源”理论,追溯其起源,阐述韩氏妇科对其传承及应用,体现中医理论的传承和创新,为妇科同行提供借鉴。

龙江韩氏妇科从脾肾论治低置胎盘

龙江韩氏妇科是国家中医药管理局首批中医学术流派传承建设单位,在全国中医妇科学术界享有盛誉,韩氏妇科在中医理论上守正创新,临证上颇有建树。本文仅对韩氏妇科治疗低置胎盘进行阐释,韩氏认为造成低置胎盘的原因主要是脾肾两虚,治疗上提出固护脾肾,补母体而调胎运,坚持“治病与安胎并举”的原则。临证中常以韩氏经验方“加味补肾安胎饮”加减化裁,补肾填精以养冲任气血,健脾益气以升举脏器,精血旺盛胎元得养,低置胎盘得以升举,从而提高妊娠成功率,临证屡获良效。并附验案一则,以飨读者。

齐齐哈尔地区“龙江红莲”引种栽培试验

为丰富齐齐哈尔市园林绿化植物种类,填补该地区荷花品种的空白,在对气候特点比较的基础上,引进“龙江红莲”品种,对其进行多种栽培技术的应用比较试验,观测其物候期和适应性,总结提出适合不同条件和环境下的栽培技术,为荷花在黑龙江省西部地区的推广应用提供了依据。

发挥龙江优势开辟新质生产力发展的新领域与新赛道

龙江地区通过利用其丰富的自然资源、先进的科研能力和优越的地理位置,推动可持续产业发展和高端制造业的转型。通过实施政策支持、加强人才培养和科技创新,以及扩大国际合作,龙江致力于开辟新质生产力发展的新领域,从而促进区域经济的全面提升。这包括发展高科技产业、绿色可持续产业和现代服务业,以及通过科技创新推动传统产业的升级,形成了强大的新质生产力,为地区的经济转型与高质量发展注入持续动力。

龙江河野生鱼体内四种有机磷农药的健康风险评价

水体鱼类有机农药的污染影响到生态和人类健康的安全。本文通过对龙江河多种野生鱼类中鱼肉、鱼骨、鱼鳞、鱼鳃、鱼鳍、内脏6个部位的4种有机磷农药(乐果、毒死蜱、对硫磷、马拉硫磷)进行含量测定及分析,可知龙江河多种野生鱼体内均检测出对硫磷,部分鱼类检测出马拉硫磷。通过对鱼体各部位的有机磷含量分析,发现龙江河野生鱼体内的有机磷多富集在鱼鳃和内脏中,鱼骨、鱼鳍等部位因为其生长性质,其有机磷含量也是随着鱼的生长而增加的。采用危险系数法对所测鱼类鱼肉部位进行健康风险评价,结果表明它们的THQ值均小于1,无明显健康风险。建议龙江河流域居民只食用鱼肉部位,不要食用鱼体的其他部位。

新质生产力视域下黑龙江职业教育高质量发展实践路径探究

黑龙江是我国经济、战略发展的重要地区,承担着东北振兴的重任。新质生产力以新技术、新经济、新业态为主要内涵代表了生产力的跃迁,它的出现为全球经济发展提供了新的契机,也为区域经济发展提供了新的挑战,新质生产力的核心是科学技术的发展,高质量人才的培养,如何培养符合新质生产力需要的人才,为黑龙江职业教育提供了新的课题。本文从职业教育与新质生产力之间存在的内在关系出发,探究了基于新质生产力视域下,龙江职业教育发展的实践路径,提出“四优化”“两创新”的策略,分别是专业技能课优化、校企合作与产教融合优化、教师职业团队优化,专业人才培养方案创新,职业教育人才培养创新。

龙江河谷灌区需水预测分析

龙江河谷灌区开发任务为农业灌溉及城乡供水,打造龙江清水廊道,保障区域粮食生产安全和人饮供水安全,为少数民族地区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、促进乡村振兴创造条件。本文对灌区内的农业灌溉、城区、村镇用水进行预测,预测成果可为灌区工程规模、水资源优化配置和供水决策提供依据。