Objective:To analyze the effects of feeding Helianthus tuberosus(HT) tubers on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in rats fed a high-fat diet(HFD). Methods:A normal HFD or HFD including 10 w/w% HT tubers(HFD + HT) wa...Objective:To analyze the effects of feeding Helianthus tuberosus(HT) tubers on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in rats fed a high-fat diet(HFD). Methods:A normal HFD or HFD including 10 w/w% HT tubers(HFD + HT) was fed to F334/Jcl rats. After 10 weeks,organ weights,glucose tolerance,and lipid profile were analyzed. Results:The body weight,liver weight,and epidermal fat content in the HFD group were higher than those of the normal group,and similar to those of the HFD + HT group. The oral glucose tolerance test at 10 weeks revealed that the blood glucose level 30 minutes after beginning the test in the HFD + HT group was significantly lower than that in the HFD group. Liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the HFD + HT group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Fecal triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the HFD + HT group were higher than those in the HFD group. Histological analyses revealed that fat and glycogen accumulation increased in the HFD group,but decreased in the HFD + HT group. Conclusions:These results indicate that HT tubers have anti-fatty liver effects based on improvements in glucose tolerance and the hepatic lipid profile.展开更多
With Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 as test materials, variation of soluble carbohydrate content in different parts were studied under two types of artificially simulated drought stress (polyethylene glycd PEG-6000 stress and...With Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 as test materials, variation of soluble carbohydrate content in different parts were studied under two types of artificially simulated drought stress (polyethylene glycd PEG-6000 stress and water-controlling stress). The results showed that under the stress of PEG, soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 increased with the prolonging time of stress; soluble carbohydrate content in stems of Qingyu 1 did not show regular changes with the prolonging time of stress, while 30% PEG stress received the best effect on Qingyu 2 after 24 h; soluble carbohydrate content in roots of Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 increased with the prolonging time of stress. Under different intensities of water-controUing stress, soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of Qingyu 1 first increased then decreased, while that in leaves of Qingyu 2 increased; soluble carbohydrate content in stems of Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 increased with the pro- longing time of water-controlling stress; soluble carbohydrate content in roots of Qingyu 1 decreased with the prolonging time of water-contmlling stress, while that in roots of Qingyu 2 differed slightly.展开更多
By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had...By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had inhibitory effect against P. capsici, while 12.5 mg/mL of extracts from H. tuberosus leaves with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvents had the highest inhibitory effect against P. capsici, reaching 100%. In case of various solvent extracts with different concentration gradients, ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibitory effect; when the concentration was 5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract had reached 100% ; when the concentration reduced to 2.5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect was still (27.91 ±2. 076) %, significantly higher than that of other solvent extracts at the same concentration. The 50 times dilution of ethyl acetate extract from H. tuberosus leaves was selected for pot test against pepper blight. , and the results showed that its control effect against pepper blight reached 100.00%, superior than that of chemical agent 25% metalaxyl WP 400 times dilution.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study the adsorption characteristics of the Helianthus tuberosus stems to methylene blue in water. [Method] The optimum condition, adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics...[Objective] The research aimed to study the adsorption characteristics of the Helianthus tuberosus stems to methylene blue in water. [Method] The optimum condition, adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics were studied on the methylene blue adsorbed by Helianthus tuberosus stems. [ Result] The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamics parameters were enthalpy changes (△H) of -12.147 kJ/mol, Gibb'S free energy changes (△G) of -25.75 k J/reel, and entropy changes (△S) of 47.21 J/(mol · K), respectively, at 288 K, indicating that the adsorption thermodynamic of methylene blue adsorbed by helianthus tuberoses stems was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The kinetics of the interactions showed better agreement with the Lagergren second order kinetics. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of adsorption process was 271.7 kJ/mol. [ Conclusion] This study provided the theoretical basis for the development and utilization of low-cost agricultural wastes to remove the hazardous substances in industrial wastewater.展开更多
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones ...Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.展开更多
Herein, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a full cDNA encoding a putative plastidic ATP/ADP transporter, designated HtAATP, for Helianthus tuberosus L. The ATP/ADP translocator protein was isolat...Herein, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a full cDNA encoding a putative plastidic ATP/ADP transporter, designated HtAATP, for Helianthus tuberosus L. The ATP/ADP translocator protein was isolated from the tuber-cDNA library of H. tuberosus for the first time. The predicted HtAATP protein was judged as a plastidic ATP/ADP translocator protein from its high homology at the amino acid sequence level to the two Arabidopsis thaliana plastidic ATP/ADP translocator proteins AATP1 and AATP2 (84.8% and 79.9% identity, respectively). Amino acid sequence analysis of the primary structure of HtAATP revealed that it belonged to the plastidic ATP/ADP transporter family. Hydropathy prediction indicated that HtAATP gene product is a highly hydrophobic membrane protein that contains 10 transmembrane domains to form a spanning topology. Southern blotting analysis showed that the HtAATP gene is a single-copy gene in the H. tuberosus genome. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the HtAATP gene is prominently expressed in sink tissues. A stable expression pattern in tubers at different developmental stages implies an active involvement of HtAATP during carbohydrate formation.展开更多
In order to find new insect resistance genes, four homologous cDNAs, hta-a, hta-b, hta-c and hta-d with lengths of 775, 718, 784 and 752 bp, respectively (GenBank accession numbers AF477031-AF477034), were iso...In order to find new insect resistance genes, four homologous cDNAs, hta-a, hta-b, hta-c and hta-d with lengths of 775, 718, 784 and 752 bp, respectively (GenBank accession numbers AF477031-AF477034), were isolated from a tuber cDNA expression library of Helianthus tuberosus L. Sequence analysis revealed that all four cDNAs contain an open reading frame of 444 bp, coding a polypeptide of 147 amino acid residues, and that the sequences of the cDNAs are very similar to those of the mannose-binding agglutinin genes of the jacalin-related family. In hemagglutination reactions and hapten inhibition assays, affinity-purified HTA (Helianthus tuberosus agglutinin) from induced Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expressing GST-HTA shows hemagglutination ability and a higher carbohydrate-binding ability for mannose than other tested sugars. Trypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the crude extracts of induced E. coli BL21(DE3) expressing HTA, and was further verified by trypsin inhibitory activity staining on native polyacrylamide gel. The mechanism of interaction between HTA and trypsin was studied by molecular modeling. We found that plenty of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions can be formed between the supposed binding sites of HTA-b and the active site of trypsin, and that a stable HTA/trypsin complex can be formed. The results above imply that HTA might be a bifunctional protein with carbohydrate-binding activity and trypsin inhibitory activity. Moreover, Northern blotting analysis demonstrated that hta is predominantly expressed in tubers of H. tuberosus, very weakly expressed in stems, but not expressed at all in other tissues. Southern blotting analysis indicated that hta is encoded by a multi-gene family. The insect resistance traits have been described in another paper.展开更多
The need for the bacterial proteinase is rapidly growing,urging to catch a lowcost medium for the microbial fermentation,nanoparticles can play a vital role in this respect.The proteinase of Talaromyces purpureogenus ...The need for the bacterial proteinase is rapidly growing,urging to catch a lowcost medium for the microbial fermentation,nanoparticles can play a vital role in this respect.The proteinase of Talaromyces purpureogenus was produced on the tubers of Helianthus tuberosus that also operated as solid support for the fermentation process.The interface amongst nitrogen sources(NH_(4)Cl and yeast extract)was investigated,applying the statistical modeling of central composite design under solid-state fermentation.The optimum medium for proteinase secretion was stimulated by 979.82 mg NH_(4)Cl and 437.68 mg yeast extract per 100 g substrate,yielding 108.15 U/g tubers.Using Plackett-Burman experimental design,the nanoparticles Co,Ni and Fe were assessed as inducers for proteinase stimulants.Co nanoparticles(5 ppm)were the greatest in both proteinase production by the fungus as well as an inducer of the proteolysis process by the enzyme when using faba bean straw as a proteinaceous substrate in the reaction mixture,liberating the extreme quantity of amino acids,compared with the lack of the nanoparticles.The findings suggest the incorporation of Co nanoparticles in both the proteinase fabrication process and during the degradation of proteinaceous materials induce proteinase catalyst.This approach could be extended to modulate the productivity and activity of similar biomolecules.展开更多
基金supported by the Tokushima prefectural government
文摘Objective:To analyze the effects of feeding Helianthus tuberosus(HT) tubers on glucose tolerance and lipid profile in rats fed a high-fat diet(HFD). Methods:A normal HFD or HFD including 10 w/w% HT tubers(HFD + HT) was fed to F334/Jcl rats. After 10 weeks,organ weights,glucose tolerance,and lipid profile were analyzed. Results:The body weight,liver weight,and epidermal fat content in the HFD group were higher than those of the normal group,and similar to those of the HFD + HT group. The oral glucose tolerance test at 10 weeks revealed that the blood glucose level 30 minutes after beginning the test in the HFD + HT group was significantly lower than that in the HFD group. Liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the HFD + HT group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Fecal triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the HFD + HT group were higher than those in the HFD group. Histological analyses revealed that fat and glycogen accumulation increased in the HFD group,but decreased in the HFD + HT group. Conclusions:These results indicate that HT tubers have anti-fatty liver effects based on improvements in glucose tolerance and the hepatic lipid profile.
基金Supported by Special Promotion Plan of Innovation Team of Qinghai University(2014-NKY-209)&Special Project for Kunlun Scholars of Qinghai University&Special Project of Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory(2015-Z-Y13)
文摘With Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 as test materials, variation of soluble carbohydrate content in different parts were studied under two types of artificially simulated drought stress (polyethylene glycd PEG-6000 stress and water-controlling stress). The results showed that under the stress of PEG, soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 increased with the prolonging time of stress; soluble carbohydrate content in stems of Qingyu 1 did not show regular changes with the prolonging time of stress, while 30% PEG stress received the best effect on Qingyu 2 after 24 h; soluble carbohydrate content in roots of Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 increased with the prolonging time of stress. Under different intensities of water-controUing stress, soluble carbohydrate content in leaves of Qingyu 1 first increased then decreased, while that in leaves of Qingyu 2 increased; soluble carbohydrate content in stems of Qingyu 1 and Qingyu 2 increased with the pro- longing time of water-controlling stress; soluble carbohydrate content in roots of Qingyu 1 decreased with the prolonging time of water-contmlling stress, while that in roots of Qingyu 2 differed slightly.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department(2014-ZJ-735)
文摘By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had inhibitory effect against P. capsici, while 12.5 mg/mL of extracts from H. tuberosus leaves with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvents had the highest inhibitory effect against P. capsici, reaching 100%. In case of various solvent extracts with different concentration gradients, ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibitory effect; when the concentration was 5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract had reached 100% ; when the concentration reduced to 2.5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect was still (27.91 ±2. 076) %, significantly higher than that of other solvent extracts at the same concentration. The 50 times dilution of ethyl acetate extract from H. tuberosus leaves was selected for pot test against pepper blight. , and the results showed that its control effect against pepper blight reached 100.00%, superior than that of chemical agent 25% metalaxyl WP 400 times dilution.
基金Supported by the National Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(201210719011)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Yan'an University(YDZ2012-09)
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study the adsorption characteristics of the Helianthus tuberosus stems to methylene blue in water. [Method] The optimum condition, adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics were studied on the methylene blue adsorbed by Helianthus tuberosus stems. [ Result] The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamics parameters were enthalpy changes (△H) of -12.147 kJ/mol, Gibb'S free energy changes (△G) of -25.75 k J/reel, and entropy changes (△S) of 47.21 J/(mol · K), respectively, at 288 K, indicating that the adsorption thermodynamic of methylene blue adsorbed by helianthus tuberoses stems was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The kinetics of the interactions showed better agreement with the Lagergren second order kinetics. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of adsorption process was 271.7 kJ/mol. [ Conclusion] This study provided the theoretical basis for the development and utilization of low-cost agricultural wastes to remove the hazardous substances in industrial wastewater.
文摘Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.
文摘Herein, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a full cDNA encoding a putative plastidic ATP/ADP transporter, designated HtAATP, for Helianthus tuberosus L. The ATP/ADP translocator protein was isolated from the tuber-cDNA library of H. tuberosus for the first time. The predicted HtAATP protein was judged as a plastidic ATP/ADP translocator protein from its high homology at the amino acid sequence level to the two Arabidopsis thaliana plastidic ATP/ADP translocator proteins AATP1 and AATP2 (84.8% and 79.9% identity, respectively). Amino acid sequence analysis of the primary structure of HtAATP revealed that it belonged to the plastidic ATP/ADP transporter family. Hydropathy prediction indicated that HtAATP gene product is a highly hydrophobic membrane protein that contains 10 transmembrane domains to form a spanning topology. Southern blotting analysis showed that the HtAATP gene is a single-copy gene in the H. tuberosus genome. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the HtAATP gene is prominently expressed in sink tissues. A stable expression pattern in tubers at different developmental stages implies an active involvement of HtAATP during carbohydrate formation.
基金Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(G2000016205)the Hi-Tech Research and Development(863) Program of China(2001AA212041)+2 种基金the National Special Program for Research and Industrialization of Transgenic Plants(J99-B-004)the Rockefeller Foundation,the International Program on Rice Biotechnology(RF 97042 #14)the Special Supporting Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(STZ98-3-08)
文摘In order to find new insect resistance genes, four homologous cDNAs, hta-a, hta-b, hta-c and hta-d with lengths of 775, 718, 784 and 752 bp, respectively (GenBank accession numbers AF477031-AF477034), were isolated from a tuber cDNA expression library of Helianthus tuberosus L. Sequence analysis revealed that all four cDNAs contain an open reading frame of 444 bp, coding a polypeptide of 147 amino acid residues, and that the sequences of the cDNAs are very similar to those of the mannose-binding agglutinin genes of the jacalin-related family. In hemagglutination reactions and hapten inhibition assays, affinity-purified HTA (Helianthus tuberosus agglutinin) from induced Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expressing GST-HTA shows hemagglutination ability and a higher carbohydrate-binding ability for mannose than other tested sugars. Trypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the crude extracts of induced E. coli BL21(DE3) expressing HTA, and was further verified by trypsin inhibitory activity staining on native polyacrylamide gel. The mechanism of interaction between HTA and trypsin was studied by molecular modeling. We found that plenty of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions can be formed between the supposed binding sites of HTA-b and the active site of trypsin, and that a stable HTA/trypsin complex can be formed. The results above imply that HTA might be a bifunctional protein with carbohydrate-binding activity and trypsin inhibitory activity. Moreover, Northern blotting analysis demonstrated that hta is predominantly expressed in tubers of H. tuberosus, very weakly expressed in stems, but not expressed at all in other tissues. Southern blotting analysis indicated that hta is encoded by a multi-gene family. The insect resistance traits have been described in another paper.
基金would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Abha,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for funding this work under grant no.(R.G.P.1/75/40).
文摘The need for the bacterial proteinase is rapidly growing,urging to catch a lowcost medium for the microbial fermentation,nanoparticles can play a vital role in this respect.The proteinase of Talaromyces purpureogenus was produced on the tubers of Helianthus tuberosus that also operated as solid support for the fermentation process.The interface amongst nitrogen sources(NH_(4)Cl and yeast extract)was investigated,applying the statistical modeling of central composite design under solid-state fermentation.The optimum medium for proteinase secretion was stimulated by 979.82 mg NH_(4)Cl and 437.68 mg yeast extract per 100 g substrate,yielding 108.15 U/g tubers.Using Plackett-Burman experimental design,the nanoparticles Co,Ni and Fe were assessed as inducers for proteinase stimulants.Co nanoparticles(5 ppm)were the greatest in both proteinase production by the fungus as well as an inducer of the proteolysis process by the enzyme when using faba bean straw as a proteinaceous substrate in the reaction mixture,liberating the extreme quantity of amino acids,compared with the lack of the nanoparticles.The findings suggest the incorporation of Co nanoparticles in both the proteinase fabrication process and during the degradation of proteinaceous materials induce proteinase catalyst.This approach could be extended to modulate the productivity and activity of similar biomolecules.