DIVE四步分析法在城市尺度内风景园林规划的应用--以漳州南山文化生态园为例

旨在探索在城市尺度内如何将生态系统文化服务价值的评估方法与风景园林规划有机结合,通过引入并辨析生态系统文化服务的概念,探索联结生态系统文化服务与文化景观研究的概念模型。以福建省漳州市南山文化生态园景观规划为例,利用DIVE四步分析法分析评估场地"历史遗存"和"文化传承"等方面的价值并提出具体措施,证明了DIVE四步分析法在城市尺度内风景园林规划的有效性,为今后类似尺度的城市景观规划前期评估提供了有效的历史元素分析工具。

CROSS-RANGE RESOLUTION OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR BASED ON DIVING MODEL

This paper concentrates on the cross-range resolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) based on diving model.In comparison to the azimuth resolution,the cross-range resolution can manifest the two-dimensional resolution ability of the imaging sensor SAR correctly.The diving model of SAR is an extended model from the conventional stripmap model,and the cross-range resolution expression is deduced from the equivalent linear frequency modulation pulses' compression.This expression points out that only the cross-range velocity component of the horizontal velocity contributes to the cross-range resolution.Also the cross-range resolution expressions and the performance of the conventional stripmap operation,squint side-look operation and beam circular-scanning operation are discussed.The cross-range resolution expression based on diving model will provide more general and more accurate reference.

Effect of sex,temperature,time and flock size on the diving behavior of the wintering Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus)

Background: The foraging and diving behavior of waterfowl are affected by a number of important factors. Hence, learning more about these major factors is of great concern in order to protect endangered species. In this study, we verified the effect of sex, temperature, time and flock size on the diving behavior of the Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus).Methods: The study was conducted by means of focal animal sampling in the Wuyuan section of the Poyang Lake watershed in Jiangxi Province, China from December 2015 to March 2016. We used one-way ANOVA and LSD tests to investigate the differences among these factors. Pearson correlations were used to test the relation between pause duration and the previous or subsequent dive duration. The relations between these factors and dive/pause duration are illustrated using Spearman correlations.Results: Mean dive duration and mean time on the pause of males were significantly higher than those of females. With an increase in temperature, dive duration significantly increased. Along with the passage of time of year and daytime, dive duration significantly increased, while dive duration decreased significantly with the increase in flock size.Conclusions: Sex, temperature, time and flock size have an effect on the diving behavior of the wintering Scalysided Merganser. The difference of diving behavior between males and females is related to differences in body mass. The difference of diving behavior among various temperatures and time periods may be related to a low minimum rate of oxygen consumption, while the difference among various flock sizes may be caused by rising intraspecific competition.

从《公主连结Re:Dive》国服代理看中国游戏出版

随着移动互联技术的发展和智能终端设备的普及,移动游戏产业发展迅猛。首先,文章以《公主连结Re:Dive》国服代理的审批过程审视了中国游戏产业的监管制度,并以美国ESRB为对比案例,分析中外网络游戏监管的不同政策和方法。其次,文章回顾了2018年中国网络游戏暂停审批的9个月带来的市场冲击,并以腾讯游戏和bilibili (B站)两家游戏平台为例,分析版号寒冬中企业盈利的关键因素。再次,文章从企业经营和政府监管两个方面对未来中国网络游戏产业的发展提出思考,希望促进中国网络游戏产业健康发展。

Effects of Oxygen Concentration on Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Helium-Oxygen Mixture at Atmospheric Pressure

In this work the effects of O_2 concentration on the pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in helium-oxygen mixture at atmospheric pressure have been numerically researched by using a one-dimensional fluid model in conjunction with the chosen key species and chemical reactions.The reliability of the used model has been examined by comparing the calculated discharge current with the reported experiments. The present work presents the following significant results. The dominative positive and negative particles are He_2~＋ and O_2^-, respectively, the densities of the reactive oxygen species（ROS） get their maxima nearly at the central position of the gap, and the density of the ground state O is highest in the ROS. The increase of O_2 concentration results in increasingly weak discharge and the time lag of the ignition. For O_2 concentrations below 1.1%,the density of O is much higher than other species, the averaged dissipated power density presents an evident increase for small O_2 concentration and then the increase becomes weak. In particular,the total density of the reactive oxygen species reaches its maximums at the O_2 concentration of about 0.5%. This characteristic further convinces the experimental observation that the O_2 concentration of 0.5% is an optimal O_2/He ratio in the inactivation of bacteria and biomolecules when radiated by using the plasmas produced in a helium oxygen mixture.

Acute ischemic colitis during scuba diving: Report of a unique case

The presentation of clinical symptoms due to decompression during diving, varies significantly, as mainly minor disturbances for the gastrointestinal tract in particular have been reported. The following case debates whether diving can cause severe symptoms from the gastrointestinal system. We describe a clinical case of ischemic colitis presented in a 27-year-old male, who manifested abdominal pain while in the process of scuba diving 20 meters undersea, followed by bloody diarrhoea as soon as he ascended to sea level. Taking into account his past medical history, the thorough, impeccable clinical and laboratory examinations and presence of no other factors predisposing to ischemia of the colon, we assume that a possible relationship between diving conditions and the pathogenesis of ischemic colitis may exist. This unusual case might represent a hematologic manifestation of decompression sickness, due to increased coagulability and/or transient air emboli, occurring during a routine scuba diving ascent to sea level.

A Survey on Heliumspeech Communications in Saturation Diving

With the development of society and the progress of technology,more and more ocean activities are carried out.It results in booming of deep-sea diving.The use of helium-oxygen mixture(as a kind of breathing gas)solves the physiological problems of divers in saturated diving,but it brings about the Heliumspeech voice communication problem,the drop of speech intelligibility.There is no doubt that the effective speech communication must be provided for supporting the life and work of divers in deep-sea.This paper describes the mechanism of forming heliumspeech,discusses the effects of pressure and helium environment on the speech spectrum,compares the pros and cons of the time-domain and frequency-domain unscrambling techniques,shows the challenges in heliumspeech communications.Finally,it briefly introduces the deep learning,and points out that deep learning/machine learning may be a perfectly unscrambling technique.

Splash Formation Due to a Frog Diving into Water

Herein, we present the results of our experimental investigation of splashes formed by a frog diving into water from the ground or from a leaf and the accompanying sound generated by the impact of the frog on the water. The experiments are performed by visualizing the flow with a high-speed camera. In addition, we used physical models comprising hydrophilic bodies made from hydrogel or acrylic resin to experimentally study how hydrophilicity affects the splash. In these experiments, we use the degree of swelling to define the hydrophilicity degree. The results show that different splashes are caused by the increase in water-film velocity upon an increase in hydrophilicity. For a body with strong hydrophilicity, at a relatively high film velocity, the water film forms when the body impacts the water surface separates from the body surface. In addition, an aircavity forms when the film separates from the body. We empirically examine the relation between the hydrophilicity degree and film velocity. The results indicate that increased hydrophilicity does not reduce the splash. Therefore, we conclude that reducing of the formation of water from the biomimetic point of view is related to the shape of body.

Experimental study on the 350 msw simulated heliox saturation-370 msw excursion diving

-The chief purpose of the research was to understand the physiological function change regularity, performance and adaptability of the human body living and working under high pressure for prolonged time.In January 1989, 4 naval divers entered the habital of NMRI's 500 msw saturation diving system after a series of adaptive diving training. The breathing mixture was helium-oxygen. After 55 h compression (including intermediate stages) the 350 msw depth was reached, where the divers lived and worked for 72 h 10 min. No sign of discomfort or significant HPNS was found in the 4 divers.The second and third day of the saturation exposure, the divers carried out 370 msw dry and wet chamber excursion diving 2 man-time each, the divers effectively carried out operational work under water, the total excursion time was 1 h each excursion dive.Saturation decompression started after 3-day storage exposure, the divers were gradually brought toward the surface 25 msw a day on the average by employing the linear steady rate of decompression. During decompression, no case of DCS occurred. Immediate post-dive medical check-ups shows that they were physically normal.More than 120 biomedical indices were monitored and measured on the divers at different period of the experiment. The organisms showed a good adaptability and certain operating capability, and both the compression and decompression profiles were proved to be satisfactory.The detailed experimental data obtained provided sound scientific basis for the practical application of future great depth open sea saturation diving.

Feather Vibration as a Stimulus for Sensing Incipient Separation in Falcon Diving Flight

Based on our preceding studies on the aerodynamics of a falcoperegrinus in diving flight along a vertical dam it is known that even when the body shape of the bird is rather streamlined in V-shape some feathers tips may elevate in certain regions of the body. These regions were identified in wind tunnel tests for typical diving flight conditions as regions of locally separated flow. A life-size model in V-shape of a falcoperegrinus with artificial feathers fixed along the body was studied in a wind tunnel to focus on the fluid-structure interaction of feathers located in this sector. The distal ends of the feathers show flow-induced vibrations at typical flight conditions which grow linear in amplitude with increasing angle of incidence until incipient separation. In light of the proven existence of vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors in the follicles of secondary feathers in birds it is hypothesized that this linear amplitude response offers the bird to sense the angle of incidence during the diving flight using the vibration magnitude as sensory stimulus. Thus the bird in streamlined shape has still a good measure to control its attitude to be in the narrow window of safe angle of incidence. This might have implications also for other birds or technical applications of airfoil sensors regarding incipient separation detection.

Manned Testing of the Diver Gas Recovery Installation

The Diver Gas Recovery Installation (DGRI) was evaluated at 80 msw saturation - 100 msw excursion diving on HeO2 in the Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) of China in April, 1995. The diving depth, lockout time, breathing gas flow rate and consumption, inspired oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) were monitored. The results indicated that PO2 was controlled to fluctuate from 64.3 to 84.0 kPa and PCO2 went up from 0.01 kPa up to O.I kPa during 4 hours excursion diving; recovery of breathing gas reached 95%; three divers felt well and breathed comfortably during simulating heavy work. The test showed that it met desired performance goals. The DGRI is a kind of important equipment for long duration deep dive. It enables the gases exhaled by the divers to be re-cycled, and therefore it has great social, military and economic significance for diving operation and submarine rescue.

Analysis of Dynamic ECG in the 80 Meters Saturation -100 Meters Excursion Heliox Dive

The study deals with the observation of the changes in the electrical activities of 8 healthy divers in the 80 msw saturation-100 msw excursion heliox dive by DCG. Results showed significant changes in the 24 h of average heart rate, the decrease of heart rate at saturation storage depth and decompression periods being 15.5% and 19.7% respectively. Fortuitous supraventricular premature beats appeared in 8 divers and ventricular premature beats in 5 divers during exposure. Transient ischemic ST-T changes in 6 divers occurred repeatedly during diving operations. The discussion puts up the view that the ST-T changes were due to the stress reaction of the body induced by the combined effect of such stress factors as hyperbaric pressure per se, high partial pressure of oxygen, noise and the closed restricted chamber environment.

MAIN FUNCTIONS AND EVALUATION OF CUTI'S COMPLEX——Simulated Saturation Diving Chamber

The 300 msw Simulated Saturation Diving Chamber Complex was designed and built by ourselves. It was completed at the end of 1985. A 300 msw trimixed saturation diving experiment was successfully conducted in the complex by Chinese Underwater Technology Institute(CUTI) from May 22 to June 12 of 1987. During the experiment, 4 divers habitated in the complex for 20 days, and they performed 16 person-time excursion dives and 8 other tests. The result of the experiment indicates that the complex is well designed, suitably configurated, wholly integrated and steadily run, as well as of low leakage. The main functions of the complex have approached to those of the same kind in the world. The complex can be used as a basic facility for serving the nation's saturation diving technology, underwater operation, personnel training, etc.

The research progress of diving medicine in China

Diving medicine is one of the branches of military medicine,and plays an important role in naval development.This review introduces the progress of researches on undersea and hyperbaric physiology and medicine in the past few years in China.The article describes our research achievement in conventional diving and its medical support,researches on saturation diving and its medical support,submarine escape and its medical support,effects of hyperbaric environments and fast buoyancy ascent on immunological and cardiological functions.Diving disorders(including decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity) are also introduced.

Why Do Divers Want to Liveaboard?Measuring SCUBA Divers’Motivations of Liveaboard Using a Cruise Perspective

Diving is a recreational activity of growing significance in many countries.In the recreational SCUBA diving industry,a liveaboard service offers tourists to stay on board for several nights and that allows time to travel to more distant dive sites.SCUBA diving belongs to an adventure tourism,while cruise is much more leisure tourism activity.However,they share a similar travel mode,so it is very interesting to find the reason behind.Do cruise tourists be the potential diving tourists?The paper adopted the cruising motivation scale for diving tourists to develop a scale for SCUBA divers’motivations of liveaboard.Convenience sampling was used to select participants for the study.After exploratory factor analysis(EFA),the results showed that there were six dimension of SCUBA divers’liveaboard motivation,and the added dimension of divers’preference was valid.Finally,a measurement scale of SCUBA divers’liveaboard motivation was proposed in this study,and the discussion and implication were also presented in the paper.

China's ROV Completes a Record 6,000-meter Dive

While performing its maiden mission in a recent scientific survey in the West Pacific,a domestic ROV (remotely operated vehicle) system achieved a national record by diving 6,001 meters underwater.Named SeaStar 6000。

脱水处理对中国无忧花种子萌发的影响

为探讨中国无忧花Saraca dives种子的脱水敏感性和顽拗性,以成熟种子为材料,研究了脱水处理对种子萌发的影响。将中国无忧花种子进行风干脱水处理,测定种子的千粒重、含水量、发芽率及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果显示:脱水程度越高,种子的发芽率逐渐降低;丙二醛含量快速上升,后来由于可溶性糖的渗透调节及激活SOD、CAT等酶保护系统,其含量逐渐下降但仍维持在较高水平。脱水后期,由于膜系统被破坏和酶保护系统超过极限,对种子造成了严重伤害。中国无忧花主要分布在热带、亚热带地区;种子千粒重高;含水量高;具有明显脱水敏感性。这些特征表明:中国无忧花种子为典型的顽拗性种子,在种子储存和生产繁育中应予以重视。

新型冠状病毒感染后潜水员适潜性评估

新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)对全身几乎所有器官都会产生影响,其中最主要的受累器官为肺和心脏。随着COVID-19康复患者数量不断增加,越来越多的证据表明,因COVID-19住院治疗获得康复的患者中有相当大比例的人群存在后遗症,主要表现为呼吸系统和心血管系统的症状。对于潜水员,COVID-19后的运动耐受、心肺功能的恢复对其适潜性具有重要影响。一些组织和机构发布了潜水员COVID-19后的适潜性评估指南。本文对COVID-19后的呼吸和心血管系统后遗症及相关的适潜性评估方案进行简要介绍,并基于已有的相关要求和我国实际,初步提出我国潜水员COVID-19后的适潜性评估要求。

深海AUV无动力垂直下潜运动特性研究

深海AUV(自主水下机器人)采用无动力下潜方式能有效节约能源,但是水平或小纵倾角姿态下潜用时较长,水平偏移大。为提高下潜速度,减小下潜偏移距离,对AUV无动力垂直下潜过程进行研究。使用四元数代替欧拉角得到AUV运动方程,并加入洋流和浮力数学模型,通过Simulink仿真模块建立AUV垂直下潜运动仿真方法,解决垂直下潜产生的姿态角解算奇异性问题。通过设置不同仿真工况,得到AUV垂直下潜运动状态量受负浮力、重浮心距离、舵角、初始纵倾角及环境扰动力的作用规律。结果表明,AUV采用垂直下潜方式,可实现较大的下潜速度,同时减小水平偏移距离;洋流扰动是垂直下潜运动产生水平偏移的主要原因;下潜深度6000 m时,浮力变化扰动导致末端下潜速度减小30%,下潜时间增加21%。

深海载人装备耐压结构用钛合金应用现状与展望

耐压结构材料是支撑海洋装备“下得去、上得来”的基础,钛合金以其质量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀的特点而成为深海载人装备耐压结构的优选材料,具有良好应用前景。该文简述了潜艇、深潜器、深海工作站和水下实验室等典型深海载人装备及其耐压结构材料的发展历程和研究进展,介绍了我国的钛工业发展现状、海洋工程用钛合金材料体系、钛合金耐压结构加工制造技术以及设计与试验研究等方面的研究基础,并结合大型深海装备钛合金结构的技术特点分析了耐压结构用钛合金的关键科学技术问题和应用需求,为深海载人装备耐压结构用钛合金的未来发展提供参考。