Advances in Researches on Chemical Composition and Functions of Hemerocallis Plants

The genus Hemerocallis is a kind of perennial herbaceous plants of Liliaceae and consists of about 15 species in the world,11 of which can be found in China. Some species of Hemerocallis are widely cultivated for medicinal,edible and ornamental application. Considerable progress had been made in researches on chemical composition and functions of Hemerocallis plants. Previous phytochemical studies on Hemerocallis plants have demonstrated the presence of flavonoids,anthraquinones,alkaloids,terpenoids,triterpenes and triterpenoid saponins,caffeoylquinic acid derivatives,naphthalene glycosides,steroid and steroidal saponins,phenylethanoid glycosides,and lignans. Functional activities of Hemerocallis plants are mainly manifested in sedative hypnotic,antidepressant,antioxidant,anti-tumor,hepatoprotective,antibacterial and insecticidal activities. Chemical composition of Hemerocallis plants is various,and structural type is rich,and has a variety of significant functional activities,so it is worth further study.

Study on the Optimal Extraction Process and Antitumor Effect of Polysaccharides from Hemerocallis fulva

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction process and antitumor effect of polysaccharides from Hemerocallis fulva. [Method] The con- tent of polysaccharides was determined with phenoFsulfuric acid method. On the basis of single-factor experiment, an L9 （34） orthogonal design was performed with extraction rate of polysaccharides as an indicator to analyze the effects of solid-liq- uid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction frequency on polysaccharide extraction and to investigate the optimal extraction process. Kunming mice were injected subcutaneously with sarcoma S180 ceils in the right axilla and in- tragastrically administrated with different doses of polysaccharides to observe antitu- mor rate. The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in serum of S180 sarcoma-bearing mice were detected by antibody sandwich enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay （ELISA）. [Result] The optimal extraction process of polysaccharides from H. fulva was： solid-liq- uid ratio of 1：25 （g/ml）, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 2 h, and extraction frequency of three times. Under the optimized conditions, average extrac- tion rate of polysaccharides from H. fulva reached 17.47%. Polysacchandes extract-. ed from H. fulva could inhibit the growth of S180 sarcoma in mice. Antitumor rate in high-dose polysaccharide group （1,60 g/kg） reached 38.54%. The levels of IL-2 and ]NF-a in serum of S180 sarcoma-bearing mice were improved by polysaccharides. [Conclusion] Polysaccharides extracted from H. fulva exhibited strong antitumor activ- ity in vivo, which might be related with the improving effect of polysaccharides on immune function.

Effects of Magnesium Compound with Fertilizer on Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) Growth and Soil Nutrients

Effects of two kinds of magnesium compound with fertilizer on Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） growth, yield, and soil nutrients in red soil were studied. The results indicated that significant effects of magnesium applied to soils were observed in increasing Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） yield, improving its growth, and strengthening its antivirus property as well as increasing the amount of exchangeable Mg, N, P, and K in red soil. In particular, the effects of magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅱ （MCF2） with higher Mg content were better than that of the others, which increased Daylily （Hemerocallis citrina Baroni） yield by 57.4, 32.8, and 14.5% compared to that of control treatment （CK）, chemical fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium treatment （CF）, and magnesium compound fertilizer Ⅰ treatment （MCF1） with lower Mg content. It increased soil Alkali N, available P, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Mg by 94.9, 46.5, 31.1, and 35.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK treatment. Therefore, the application of magnesium compound with fertilizer is an optimum method for improving red soil quality.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Pedicels of Hemerocallis hybrida

[ Objective] This study aimed to develop tissue culture and rapid propagation methods for pedicels of HemerocaUis hybrida. [ Method] Tender pedicels of dwarf H. hybrida were used as experimental materials to sdect callus induction, subculture and rooting media for rapid propagation of H. hybrida.[ Result ] MS ＋ 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.2 - 0.3 mg/L NAA, MS ＋ 1.0 - 2.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.1 - 0.2 mg/L NAA, MS and 1/2MS ＋ 0.2 mg/L NAA were the appropriate me- dium for callus induction, subculture and rooting, respectively. [ Conclusion] The in vitro culture and clustered seedling rooting technology used in this study are effective methods for rapid propagation of H. hybrida, which provide technieal reference for industrialized production of H. hybrida.

Effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 Stress on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll’

With Hemerocallis fulva‘Golden Doll'as an experimental material,the effects of different concentrations of neutral salt( NaCl) and alkaline salt( NaHCO3) stresses on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in H. fulva seedlings were studied. The results showed that salt stress treatment significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity of H. fulva. Under the NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses,the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of H. fulva seedlings were basically the same,but the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values of H. fulva seedlings were significantly different under different salt types and salt concentrations. With the extension of days of salt stress and the increase of salt concentration,the initial fluorescence yield( Fo) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient( NPQ) increased;the maximum fluorescence yield( Fm),maximum photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),PSII actual photosynthetic quantum yield( Y) and apparent quantum efficiency( AQY) all showed a downward trend;and moreover,with the extension of days of salt stress and the increase of salt concentration,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn) decreased and the intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci) increased. It was speculated that under salt stress,the photosynthetic characteristics of H. fulva leaves were inhibited. On the one hand,the non-stomatal limiting factor,i. e.,the chlorophyll content decreased,which led to the inhibition of photosynthetic characteristics. On the other hand,the decrease in the photosynthetic performance of mesophyll cells led to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate of H. fulva. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in H. fulva caused by salt stress were closely related to the types of salts and salt concentration. High salt stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of H. fulva‘Golden Doll',and the effect of NaHCO3 on H. fulva seedlings was significantly greater than that of NaCl.

萱草(Hemerocallis hybrida)再生植株过程中根的诱导

利用 1/2MS培养基作为基本培养基 ,附加不同浓度的NAA作为外源激素 ,分别对萱草愈伤组织块和无根再生苗进行根的发生诱导试验 ,结果愈伤组织上均不易生根 ;而无根再生苗根的诱导效果较好 ,特别是在含有 0 .0 75mg/LNAA的培养基上 ,生根数量和生根率均最佳 .

Urinary metabolomics analysis of the anti-depressive effects of Hemerocallis citrina extracts in a simulated microgravity-induced rat model of depression

We investigated the antidepressant-like activity of Hemerocallis citrine Baroni extract(HCE)in a simulated microgravity(SMG)-induced rat model of depression using a metabolomics method.A rat model,generated via 14 d of SMG induction,was validated from the reduced sucrose preference and the enhanced immobility time in the forced swimming test.HCE and paroxetine reversed certain metabolite profiles.Anti-depressant effects of HCE might involve the regulation of several metabolic pathways,such as phenylalanine,glutamic acid,and tryptophan metabolism and changes in energy metabolism.5-Hydroxytryptophan,hippuric acid,phenylacetylglycine,citric acid,3-hydroxykynurenine,cyclic AMP,and L-DOPA profiles were altered upon HCE and paroxetine administration.Furthermore,glutamic acid was only regulated in the HCE group,while xanthurenic acid and deoxyuridine were reversed in the positive group,suggesting differences in the mechanisms between the positive drugs and HCE in improving glutamic acid metabolism.This study provided a theoretical foundation for the application of HCE in depression therapy.

大花萱草自交、杂交及不同栽培环境结实率比较

以苏英、瑾红、苏星、金背红、紫、暗中明、唐、星散、美国幻儿、斯特拉德奥、金环蚀、苏锦、金娃娃、高贵为亲本,对大花萱草(Hemerocallis hybrid)品种自交与杂交的结实率进行了研究。结果表明,杂交组合的结实率与父、母本有关,sf-6与j-1无论正交还是反交,结实率都比其他组合高。n-4、nz-51、nzy-1无论采用露地栽培还是设施栽培,相应的杂交组合均不结实;sf-6人工自花授粉与开放性授粉结实率差异不大,均在60%以上,总体上看人工自花授粉明显好于开放性授粉;设施栽培的结实率高于露地栽培的结实率。

萱草花对四氯化碳急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

[目的]研究萱草花对急性肝损伤的保护作用。[方法]将54只小鼠完全随机分为6组,随机定义为空白对照组,阳性药物组及萱草花高、中、低预防组;采用微量酶标法测定谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的含量;用肝脏右叶匀浆后试剂盒检测SOD活性和MDA含量;数据统计处理采用单因素方差分析。[结果]与正常组比较,模型组血清GOT、GPT和肝脏MDA含量较对照组明显升高,肝脏SOD活力较对照组降低;与模型组比较,中药预防给药组和高、中剂量萱草花预防给药组中血清GOT、GPT和肝脏MDA含量较对照组明显降低,肝脏SOD活力较对照组升高;模型组小鼠肝脏出现退行性病变和肝细胞坏死,中药预防组和萱草花预防组均有不同程度的改善。[结论]试验成功复制了小鼠急性肝损伤模型,护肝片和萱草花提取物预防给药对小鼠四氯化碳引起的急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。

英山黄花菜叶枯病的病原鉴定及室内药效研究

针对英山黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina)叶部病害的病原菌进行形态特征观察、生物学特性研究、ITS序列分析以及室内药效试验。结果表明,该病原菌为Nigrospora sphaerica,菌丝生长适宜p H为5,最适的碳源是麦芽糖,最适的氮源是酵母浸出液;菌丝生长的致死温度是55℃;在供试的11种药剂中,以稀释500倍的50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和稀释1 000倍的60%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对病原菌的抑制效果最佳。根据病症,将该叶部病害命名为叶枯病。

大花萱草耐盐性研究

为研究大花萱草(Hemerocallis hybridus Hort.)的抗盐性,选取当年生小苗进行盆栽模拟盐胁迫试验,采用浓度梯度分别为0.0、0.3%、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%、2.4%、3.0%的Na Cl溶液处理大花萱草植株,2周后测定其植株存活率、生物量、盐害指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性等与抗盐性有关的形态指标或生理指标。结果表明,随着盐胁迫的增强,大花萱草的生物量、叶绿素含量、根系活力、植株存活率呈下降趋势;其盐害指数、细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量、Na+含量及Na+/K+比值均呈现上升趋势。大花萱草在盐溶液浓度≤1.2%时,其生长基本上不受影响;但在盐溶液浓度≥1.8%时表现出了较严重的盐害症状。综合分析表明,1.8%的Na Cl溶液处理下的盐浓度是大花萱草盐胁迫伤害的阈值,所以大花萱草属于中等耐盐植物。

黄花菜蜂蜜酸奶的研制

以鲜牛奶、黄花菜（Hemerocallis citrina Baroni）和蜂蜜为主要原料,通过单因素及正交试验确定黄花菜蜂蜜酸奶的生产工艺及配方。结果表明,在鲜牛奶中添加0.3%的CMC-Na、8%的蜂蜜、8%的黄花菜汁、接种3%的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1∶1）,42℃下发酵至滴定酸度为70°T后,于1-5℃冷藏12h,可以制得口感细腻、营养丰富的酸奶。

黄花菜花梗培养的再生植株形态及染色体变异的观察

我们以黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina)为材料进行植物细胞工程的基础研究,获得了一定进展,并在黄花菜优良品种试管苗工厂化生产的研究方面摸索出一定的经验。在以叶片、花茎、花梗为外植体时,发现了来自花梗建立起来的圆球茎再生苗有部分形态不正常。特此观察了花梗培养的再生植株形态及染色体变异,并研究了一些相关的问题。1.愈伤组织的诱导及圆球茎的建立 取不同花期、不同大小花蕾的花梗接种在

萱草对土壤中镉、铅、锌单一污染的修复效果

利用盆栽试验,研究不同重金属浓度下萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)对土壤中镉、铅、锌的修复效果。结果表明,一定范围内,土壤重金属含量促进了萱草的地上生物量;低浓度重金属胁迫(Cd≤20 mg/kg、Pb≤1 000 mg/kg、Zn≤1 000 mg/kg)促进了萱草叶片对镉、铅、锌的富集,具体表现为镉>锌>铅;镉、铅、锌的转运系数随土壤重金属浓度的增加而逐渐减小,具体表现为铅>镉>锌;低浓度重金属胁迫(Cd≤5 mg/kg、Pb≤1 000 mg/kg、Zn≤1 000 mg/kg)提高了萱草对土壤中镉、铅、锌的修复效率,表现为铅>镉>锌。表明萱草对低浓度镉、铅、锌单一污染土壤的修复效果较好。

大花萱草品种红宝石快繁体系的建立

以大花萱草＂红宝石＂的茎尖为外植体进行植物组织培养的研究,建立了其再生快繁体系。对比试验结果表明：（1）芽诱导培养基：MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋蔗糖30 g/L＋琼脂6 g/L的表现最为优异;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 2 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L＋糖30 g/L＋琼脂6 g/L的表现最为优异;（3）生根培养基：1/2MS＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋马铃薯20 g/L＋蔗糖15 g/L＋琼脂7 g/L＋活性碳1 g/L的表现最为优异。

金娃娃萱草种子苗花茎高度变异与相关性状研究

对金娃娃萱草(Hemerocallis hybridus Stella de Oro)种子苗(群体)的花茎高度、单茎花朵数、叶片长度和开花日数的变异进行了研究。结果表明,单茎花朵数变异系数最大,花茎高度和叶片长度变异系数较大,开花日数变异系数最小,种子苗单茎花朵数与花茎高度明显超过母本金娃娃,通过广义遗传力计算看出,花茎高度、叶片长度和单茎花朵数的变异主要由遗传因素控制,开花日数的变异受环境因素影响较大;花茎高度与叶片长度和单茎花朵数之间存在高度相关;对种子苗进行聚类分析,共分为4个类群,从第1类到第4类花茎高度由高变矮,直至无花茎,单茎花朵数由多变少,最终无花朵;在每个类群中进行了相关性分析,第1类和第2类中,花茎高度与叶片长度呈显著相关,其余为负相关,从第1类至第4类花茎高度与单茎花朵数相关系数逐渐增大,由低度相关到高度相关。

萱草属分类研究史简介

萱草属Hemerocallis L.属于百合科Liliaceae,萱草族Hemerocalleae,全世界约14种,主要分布于亚洲温带至亚热带地区,欧洲有少量分布.我国11种,为萱草属的分布中心.早在1544年,威尼斯的一名医生Pietro Andrea Mattioli曾在他的著作中使用过Hemerocallis,这是Hemerocallis第一次在植物文献中出现,但这里所指的并不是我们现在所知的萱草属植物,而是代表分布在地中海地区的百合属Lilium的一些种,当时Mattioli用Daylily表示萱草.后来也一直被延用.

西北地区萱草属植物的细胞学研究

百合科萱草属Hemerocallis约14种,主要分布于亚洲温带至亚热带地区,欧洲有少量分布.我国约11种,是本属植物种类最多,分布最广的国家.西北地区有6种、1变种.本属植物种间很容易杂交,而且一些种类花的大小、色泽、花被管的长短、叶的宽窄等都有很大的变化幅度,给分类工作带来了许多困难,为完善本属分类,探讨分类系统,本文对西北地区萱草属植物进行了细胞学研究,其中4个种的核型为首次报道.

萱草属植物短缩茎组织培养及植株再生

[目的]通过诱导不定芽途径,建立萱草属植物短缩茎组培快繁体系。[方法]以‘大同黄花’短缩茎为主要试验材料,研究了不同取样时期下,10个不同浓度6-BA、NAA组合对萱草属植物不定芽诱导、不定芽增殖、生根等组培效果的影响。[结果]‘大同黄花’短缩茎组培最佳取样时期为萌芽期(2～3月下旬);不定芽诱导最佳培养基:MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA,诱导率最高为88.89%,诱导系数最高为6.67;不定芽增殖培养基:MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA;不定芽3～5cm时,接种于生根培养基MS+0.25mg/L NAA中,生根数最多(4.33根/株)。利用上述不定芽诱导培养基,接种了14份萱草属植物的短缩茎,12份材料可诱导出不定芽。[结论]本研究构建了萱草属植物短缩茎组织培养和植株再生体系,扩展了萱草属植物组织培养的外植体选择,对萱草属植物组织培养提供了技术保障。

秦岭南麓萱草属植物种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

为了探明秦岭南麓萱草属种质资源的现状,以秦岭不同生境23份野生萱草(Hemerocallis fulva L.)资源和黄花菜栽培种‘沙苑花’为试材,采用RAPD技术,从35条随机引物中筛选出11条多态性好的引物对24份萱草种质材料进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,24份样本共获得492个扩增位点,其中多态性条带446个,占90.7%,各样本的多态性比率从80.0%到96.9%。遗传距离矩阵和UPGMA聚类分析显示,24份材料之间遗传距离为0.00~0.69,在0.65阈值时可将24份材料分为3大类,其中23号黄花菜野生种聚为一类,黄色花,24号黄花菜栽培品种‘沙苑花’聚为一类,花也呈黄色,其他采样地的野生萱草样本聚为一类,花色从橘黄至橘红色;花径大小、株高等特征与样地的生境间未表现出明显规律,生物学性状变化差异较大。总体来看,秦岭分布的萱草属植物在种间或种内均存在丰富的遗传多样性,也表现出聚类分析结果与种质资源地理分布间的不一致性,该结果对中国萱草属植物及其他地被植物种质资源的收集、保存和育种工作具有一定的借鉴意义。